Since the invention of electric light, life has become more convenient and rich. But electric lamps can only convert a small part of electric energy into visible light, and most of the rest is wasted in the form of heat energy. The heat rays of electric lamps are harmful to people's eyes. So, is there a light source that only emits light without heating? Humans have turned their attention to nature again.
In nature, many creatures can emit light, such as bacteria, fungi, worms, mollusks, crustaceans, insects and fish, and the light emitted by these animals does not produce heat, so it is also called "cold light".
Fireflies are one of many luminous animals. There are about 65,438+0,500 species of fireflies. Their luminescent colors are yellow-green, orange, and their brightness is different. Fireflies emit cold light, which not only has high luminous efficiency, but also is generally soft, suitable for human eyes, and the light intensity is relatively high. Therefore, bioluminescence is an ideal light source for human beings.
Scientists found that the luminous device of fireflies is located in the abdomen. This light emitter consists of three parts: light emitting layer, transparent layer and reflecting layer. There are thousands of luminescent cells in the luminescent layer, all of which contain fluorescein and luciferase. Under the action of luciferase, fluorescein combines with oxidation to emit fluorescence with the participation of intracellular water. The luminescence of fireflies is essentially a process in which chemical energy is converted into light energy.
As early as 1940s, people created fluorescent lamps on the basis of studying fireflies, which greatly changed the lighting sources of human beings. In recent years, scientists first isolated pure fluorescein from fireflies, then isolated luciferase, and then synthesized fluorescein artificially by chemical methods. Biological light source composed of fluorescein, luciferase, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and water can be used as a flash lamp in mines filled with explosive gas. Because this lamp has no power supply and does not produce magnetic field, it can be used to clear magnetic mines under the irradiation of biological light source.
Now, people can get cold light similar to biological light by mixing some chemicals for safe lighting.
food chain
The chemical energy stored in the organic matter in the ecosystem closely connects the organisms through a series of relationships between eating and being eaten. The order in which these organisms are interrelated through food nutrition is called food chain. According to the relationship between organisms, the food chain can be divided into predatory food chain, prey food chain, parasitic food chain and saprophytic food chain.
References:
Baidu baike
During the long evolution of hundreds of millions of years, animals have gradually formed various peculiar structures, special functions and interesting habits. Through long-term observation and research, people have gained many extremely valuable inspirations from animals. According to the body structure and special functions of animals, human beings have created and invented new mechanical systems, instruments and equipment, building structures and technological processes with excellent performance, which is bionics. The ancients saw fish swimming freely in the water, how envious they were of their skills! Later, after imitating the body shape of fish, it was made into a hull, and after imitating the pectoral fin and caudal fin of fish, it was made into a double paddle and a single paddle. From then on, humans can move freely on the water. According to the flight principle of birds, a plane was made to fly in the blue sky, realizing the dream of flying in the sky. By studying the dog's nose, human beings imitated and made a small, fast and sensitive automatic analyzer-"electronic nose", which can be used in chemistry and food industry, and can also be used to analyze the gas composition in mines, warehouses, submarines and spacecraft cabins, and can also be used for prospecting and leak detection of gas pipelines. Now, the electronic police dog has been successfully developed, which can be used to detect toxic gases, dyes, paints, acids, ammonia, benzene, gas and the smell of fresh apples and bananas, and the concentration of gas can be measured to one in ten thousand. Its sensitivity has reached the level of dog nose, and it can also be used for detective work. By studying the gill of fish respiratory organs, human beings imitate the structure of fish gill, and make a translucent membrane with gill function with two layers of silicone rubber membrane, which can be used as an "artificial gill" for people to breathe in water. Humans have also made an efficient "desalter" according to the mechanism of crocodile discharging salt, which can be used to extract or concentrate some dispersed elements ... The eyes of flies are composed of 6,000 to 8,000 small eyes, called compound eyes. Humans made a "compound eye camera" by imitating the eyes of flies. This kind of camera can take 1329 different photos at a time when it is installed on a satellite, and can be used to copy the particularly fine micro-circuits of electronic computers. If this camera is used for stamp printing, one board can print 25 stamps, and one photo can be taken at a time. Take 25 pictures one by one with an ordinary camera. Humans have studied the eggshells of oviparous animals, which are thin and strong and have strong pressure resistance. Imitating the shape characteristics of egg shell, a kind of "thin shell structure" is created, which is both material-saving and compression-resistant, and is widely used in construction engineering. By studying bioluminescence such as fireflies, human beings are further creating new efficient artificial cold light sources. How wonderful it would be if we could create a substance that glows like a living thing and paint it on the indoor wall, so that it can receive light and store energy during the day and then glow naturally at night! It can be seen that studying the characteristics of animals is helpful to broaden our horizons, emancipate our minds, boldly imagine and practice, so as to design blueprints of various construction machinery and create more exquisite and perfect modern technical devices.
The radar was invented with bats.
I learned streamline from fish.
Heat tracing was invented from rattlesnakes.
Respondent: 100 dubaichi- apprentice magician level 2 3- 16 20:0 1.
Bats-sonar and radar, and bat shirts!
The tail fin of a fish rudder.
The pectoral fin of a fish paddle.
Spider webs-fishing nets and new fibers.
An animal's nest-a house
Carnivore hunting-hunting.
Shark-"Shark Skin" One-piece Swimsuit
Birds-gliders and airplanes.
Camouflage color of animals-camouflage clothing.
Qigong breathing and health preservation such as turtle slot and turtle breath.
Animal webbed feet-webbed feet in diving equipment.
Gas mask for pigs
Breaststroke
Butterfly-butterfly and fashion.
dog paddle
Dragonfly helicopter.
Snakes, monkeys, eagles, etc. -snake boxing, monkey boxing, eagle claw boxing, etc.
All kinds of animals-enrich human vocabulary, especially adjectives.
Animals-Write agricultural proverbs for forecasting weather, earthquake and other disasters and detecting environmental pollution.
All kinds of animals-gave birth to bionics.
-There's a lot more!
Compound eye camera-fly's eyes
Fly odor detector
Dragonfly-airplane;
Ear phone
Frog rapid scanning system
Mantis sickle
Eggs-architecture
1。 A very strange small gas analyzer was successfully copied from annoying flies. It has been installed in the cockpit of the spacecraft to detect the composition of the gas in the cabin.
2。 From fireflies to artificial luminescence;
3。 Electric fish and volt batteries;
4。 The windward ear of jellyfish imitates the structure and function of jellyfish ear, and designs a storm predictor of jellyfish ear, which can predict the storm 15 hours in advance, which is of great significance to navigation and fishery safety.
5。 According to the visual principle of frog eye, people have successfully developed an electronic frog eye. This kind of electronic frog's eyes can accurately identify objects with specific shapes like real frog's eyes. After installing electronic frog eyes in radar system, the anti-jamming ability of radar is greatly improved. This radar system can quickly and accurately identify aircraft, ships and missiles with specific shapes. In particular, it can distinguish between true and false missiles and prevent false confusion.
Electronic frog eyes are also widely used in airports and traffic arteries. At the airport, it can monitor the take-off and landing of aircraft, and call the police in time if it is found that the aircraft is about to collide. On the main road, you can direct the vehicles to prevent them from colliding.
6。 According to the principle of bat ultrasonic locator, people also copied "Pathfinder" for the blind. This pathfinder is equipped with an ultrasonic transmitter, which blind people can use to find telephone poles, steps, people on bridges, etc. Nowadays, "ultrasonic glasses" with similar functions have also been made.
7。 By simulating the incomplete photosynthetic mechanism of cyanobacteria, a bionic photolysis device was designed to obtain a large amount of hydrogen.
8。 According to the study of human skeletal muscle system and bioelectricity control, a human strength enhancer-walking machine is copied.
9。 The hook of modern crane originated from the claws of many animals.
10。 Corrugated roofs imitate animal scales.
1 1。 Paddles imitate the fins of fish.
12。 Saw mantis arms, or saw grass.
13。 The plants of Xanthium were inspired to invent velcro.
14。 Lobster with keen sense of smell provides people with the idea of making odor detectors.
15。 Gecko toes provide an encouraging prospect for manufacturing reusable adhesive tape.
16。 The colloid formed by shellfish and protein is very strong, and this colloid can be used in everything from surgical suture to ship repair.
The tortoise carries a tortoise: a tank with a rotating turret. Birds fly in the sky: they make all kinds of flying machines. Bees build nests: various hexagonal honeycomb structural plates. Every dragonfly has a slightly heavier point at the end of its wing than its surroundings, which is the key to prevent its wings from shaking. Aircraft designers study the flight methods of flies, mosquitoes, bees, etc. Many new aircraft bats with excellent performances-tail fins of sonar and radar fish-pectoral fins of rudder fish-paddles and cobwebs-fishing nets and nests of new fiber animals-houses, carnivores, sharks, "shark skin" one-piece swimsuits, birds-gliders and aircraft animals. Webbed animals-webbed pigs in diving equipment-gas masks-frogs-breaststroke butterflies-butterfly dragonflies-helicopters.
1. A very strange small gas analyzer, which was successfully copied from annoying flies. It has been installed in the cockpit of the spacecraft to detect the composition of the gas in the cabin.
2. From fireflies to artificial luminescence;
3. Electric fish and volt batteries;
4. The windward ear of jellyfish, imitating the structure and function of jellyfish ear, designed a storm predictor of jellyfish ear, which can predict the storm 15 hours in advance, which is of great significance to navigation and fishery safety.
According to the visual principle of frog eye, people have successfully developed an electronic frog eye. This kind of electronic frog's eyes can accurately identify objects with specific shapes like real frog's eyes. After installing electronic frog eyes in radar system, the anti-jamming ability of radar is greatly improved. This radar system can quickly and accurately identify aircraft, ships and missiles with specific shapes. In particular, it can distinguish between true and false missiles and prevent false confusion.
Electronic frog eyes are also widely used in airports and traffic arteries. At the airport, it can monitor the take-off and landing of aircraft, and call the police in time if it is found that the aircraft is about to collide. On the main road, you can direct the vehicles to prevent them from colliding.
6. According to the principle of bat ultrasonic locator, people also copied "Pathfinder" for the blind. This pathfinder is equipped with an ultrasonic transmitter, which blind people can use to find telephone poles, steps, people on bridges, etc. Nowadays, "ultrasonic glasses" with similar functions have also been made.
7. By simulating the incomplete photosynthetic mechanism of cyanobacteria, a bionic photolysis device will be designed to obtain a large amount of hydrogen.
8. According to the study of human skeletal muscle system and bioelectricity control, a human strength enhancer-walking machine was copied.
9. The hook of modern crane originated from the claws of many animals.
10. Corrugated roofs imitate animal scales.
1 1. Paddles imitate the fins of ducks.
12. Saw mantis arms, or saw grass.
13. Xanthium sibiricum was inspired and invented velcro.
14. The lobster with sensitive sense of smell provides people with the idea of making odor detectors.
15. Gecko toes provide an encouraging prospect for manufacturing reusable adhesive tapes.
16. The colloid generated by protein of Bay is very firm, which can be applied to anything from surgical suture to ship repair.
17. Leaf layout and architecture of Sydney Grand Theatre.
18. The ups and downs of submarines and fish.
19. Diamondbacks can sense the body temperature of nearby animals and accurately capture prey and infrared guided air-to-air rattlesnake missiles.
20. People invented smoke bombs based on octopus.
2 1. According to the eggshell, calculate the bearing capacity of the arch.
22. The violent jitter produced by the plane in flight is improved according to the dragonfly.
23. Color-changing clothes are to learn the scales on butterflies.
24. Waterproof clothes are made of imitation lotus leaves.
25. A mouse is like a mouse.
26. Inspired by the giraffe's blood passing through its long neck from beginning to end, a special instrument was designed so that the blood in astronauts can be normally transported to the lower limbs far from the heart in weightlessness.