Burdock, also known as barley in Chinese herbal medicine, is a perennial herb of Compositae, which originated in Asia and is used as medicine by seeds. The improved barley is mainly eaten by roots, and it is also called pollution-free vegetable as a green nutritious food. In developed countries and regions, especially in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan Province Province, adults can eat about 100 kg of burdock a year, which has become an indispensable plant food in life. China/KLOC-0 was successfully introduced in 1992, and now it has developed into an export vegetable with a planting area of thousands of acres. The average yield of burdock per mu is about 1500 kg, with a high yield of about 2500 kg. The output value per mu is generally around 2000 yuan. The utilization of burdock is rising quietly in China, and the understanding of its utilization value and economic benefit is getting deeper and deeper, so the development of burdock has certain development prospects.

I. Cultivation characteristics and requirements for environmental conditions:

Burdock rhizome is generally 3-4 cm in diameter and 70- 100 cm in length. The meat is grayish white and the plants are stout. After bolting, the plant height is 150- 180 cm.

30-40 days from flowering to seed maturity, 1000-grain weight 12- 14g, and germination period of 3-5 years.

1. Temperature: Burdock likes temperature, heat and cold. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 20-25℃, and the optimum temperature for seed growth is also 20-25℃. The cold tolerance of aboveground parts is weak, and the plants die below 3℃, while the roots can withstand the low temperature of -20℃. After the winter shoots die, they overwinter with straight roots and germinate and grow again the next year. Burdock belongs to the green vernalization type. When the rhizome is larger than 3-9 cm, the influence of low temperature can be felt. It can accumulate 1400 hours or more at the low temperature of about 5℃, and then give 12- 13 hours of long sunshine, which can promote flower bud differentiation and bolting. Therefore, sowing in autumn should not be too early to prevent the rhizome from being too large and springing.

2. Illumination: Burdock is a warm-loving plant, which can promote germination in the presence of light. The plants developed well under strong light and long sunshine, and the fleshy roots expanded rapidly and fully.

3. Requirements for soil conditions: Burdock has strict requirements for soil because of its root depth, and sandy loam with a soil depth of less than one meter is better, otherwise, there are many branches, poor quality grade, sandy soil and hollow roots, which are not suitable for water and fertilizer conservation; Burdock roots will rot easily if they are submerged in heavy rain for more than two days during their growth. It is required that the soil is fertile, and the soil organic matter is more than 2% (that is, the soil fertility of about 400 kilograms of wheat per mu).

Second, sowing season, sowing amount and plant spacing:

Burdock can be sown twice a year, from late March to early April in spring (covered with plastic film), and harvested in autumn from 65438+1October to165438+1October; From late September to mid-June, the autumn sowing of 65438 should also be covered with plastic film, and it is better to cover it with plastic film in a small arch shed during the winter. Use about 4 seeds per mu, the row spacing is 90 cm, the plant spacing is 7- 10 cm, and 9000- 10000 seedlings per mu.

3, soaking seeds to accelerate germination:

Soak the seeds in clear water, remove the chaff, soak the seeds for 12-24 hours, stand at 25℃ for two days, then sow immediately, and come out about 7 days after sowing.

Fourthly, applying base fertilizer, furrowing and ridging for planting:

Each mu needs 2000 kg of high-quality coarse fertilizer, 2 cubic meters of decomposed chicken manure (fermented), 25 kg of diammonium, 0/0 kg of potassium sulfate/kloc-,5 kg of ferrous sulfate and 0.5 kg of phoxim. The above fine fertilizer is spread on the ditching line at the front of ditching, and the pesticide is mixed with water to form toxic soil, which is spread in the sowing ditch. Water the ground once before ditching to ensure that the soil will not dry when ditching. To plant burdock, first dig a ditch with a depth of 90- 100 cm with a ditcher. After ditching, soil ridges are naturally formed, about 25 cm high, and ditches are dug every 90 cm. Step on both sides of the ridge with your feet, lightly step on the top of the ridge with your feet, and level it with an iron rake. Then, a small ditch with a depth of 5-7 cm and a hole with a depth of 4-5 cm are opened on the ridge with a pickaxe for sowing, one grain is planted in each hole, and seedling growth factor 7 is sprinkled on an acre of land in the ditch.

Wrap it, cover it with 1-2cm, and start to cover it with plastic film.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) field management:

1. Cover with plastic film, and the film will be broken in time after the seeds are unearthed.

2. Burdock seedlings are not drought-tolerant, so they should be watered, especially in spring to keep the soil moist.

3 Seedlings should be fixed at intervals in time, with 1 plant per hole. The distance between points is 8- 10 cm.

4. Spraying the mixed solution of thiophanate-methyl and Lufeng 95 once at seedling stage to prevent seedling death and promote growth.

5. If sowing is in autumn, when building a small arch shed in mid-June from 5438+065438+ 10, a small amount of poisonous bait can be sprinkled on the ridge to prevent insect bites.

6.1late October 165438+ winter water.

7. When the burdock grows new leaves in spring, remove the dead leaves in time.

8. After burdock grows 4-5 new leaves in spring, start topdressing and watering, and open a small ditch beside the plant, with topdressing urea 10 kg per mu.

9. After the autumn sowing burdock overwinters, pay attention to the cooling of the small arch shed before April 20, and dismantle the small arch shed after April 25.

10, burdock is directly planted in spring. During the growth process, it is necessary to prevent summer heavy rain from filling ditches and arrange rainwater drainage.

1 1, timely control of pests and diseases, mainly damping off, using fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb. It was found that fenxiuning had a control effect on powdery mildew. Pest control is mainly based on aphid control, and omethoate or pollution-free pesticides can be used.

12, timely harvest, before harvesting, remove the stems and leaves on the ground, open a small ditch along one side of burdock, fill the furrow with big water, and pull it out manually. After tripping out, it should be graded, bound and sorted in time. 6. Nutritional value and pharmacological action of burdock;

Burdock is rich in nutrition. Eating burdock has the functions of promoting blood circulation, preventing and treating hypertension, heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, preventing stroke and lowering blood sugar. In addition, it also has the effects of nourishing yin and strengthening yang, invigorating stomach and eliminating diseases, and caring skin.

6. Fresh eating method of burdock:

First, wash the burdock root with water to remove the rough thin skin outside, and then do different things:

1. Cut burdock into pieces or small pieces and stew it with meat, or cut it into pieces and stir-fry it with meat.

2. Cut the burdock into filaments and blanch it with boiling water to make a cold salad.

3. Cut the burdock into filaments, rinse it with clear water, fry it in oil, take it out in Huang Shi, add a little sugar or fry sesame seeds.

Seven, burdock processing:

1, burdock beverage

2. Burdock wine

3. burdock tea

4, burdock vegetables, that is, defective or thin roots are pickled.