Race refers to people who have formed in a certain area in history and have some * * * same genetic characteristics in physique (including skin color, eye color, hair color and height, nose type, blood type, hereditary diseases, etc.). ).
However, there is still some controversy about the specific classification of ethnic groups. Usually, people all over the world are divided into three races:
1. Mongolians, or yellow people, are characterized by yellow skin, straight hair, flat face, flat nose and wide nostrils;
Second, Caucasians, or Caucasians, are characterized by white skin, high and narrow nose, different eye colors and hair types;
Black people, or blacks, are characterized by dark skin, thick lips, wide nose and curly hair.
Yellow people focus on skill projects.
In sports competitions, the yellow race has always impressed people with its lightness and flexibility. Compared with white people, yellow people are short and light, and their strength and speed are definitely not dominant. Their talents mainly focus on projects related to dexterity, skills and brains. Take this Olympic Games as an example, China Legion has obvious advantages in gymnastics, diving, badminton and other events, while South Korea is almost unbeatable in archery. In addition, the yellow race generally has a low center of gravity and good stability, which is one of the physiological factors for China weightlifting team to finish with 8 gold 1 silver in this Olympic Games.
At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang broke the world record of 1 10 meter hurdles in one fell swoop, which made the whole world marvel at this miracle worker from China. The host of National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) used three "incredible" words to describe his feeling of "gaping" during the live broadcast. Why is this? It turns out that yellow people are not good at track and field, especially sprints, and black athletes are generally dominant.
The yellow race, regardless of gender, lags behind the white race in many indexes such as height and weight, but is larger than the white race in sitting height and head width. These characteristics greatly limit the running speed and jumping ability of the yellow race, so it is not easy to win in track and field and big ball, but it provides convenience for judo, gymnastics and other projects that require flexible skills. Therefore, it is really difficult for China athletes to catch up with the world-class level in football, basketball, volleyball and track and field events such as running, jumping and throwing.
Why are white people king in swimming?
On August 17, michael phelps, an American swimming prodigy, won the gold medal in the men's 4× 100 mixed swimming relay race, realizing his dream of "eight gold medals", surpassing the record of seven individual gold medals set by his predecessor, mark spitz, at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. The legend written by Phelps is not only related to his unparalleled swimming talent, but also related to his unique physical characteristics as a white man.
Swimming is called "underwater track and field", which requires both speed and strength. However, this track and field is not the same track and field. In the swimming pool, black people can't shine as brightly as they do on land. The American team and the Australian team competing for the swimming pool are almost all white.
This is related to muscle structure. In water, the muscle weight of white people is only 1.5g/cm3, while that of black people is 1 1.3g/cm3, and yellow people are in between. Smaller density, more fat and bigger breasts make white athletes almost natural torpedoes. In contrast, the proportion of black people with large muscle weight immersed in water is greater, and they need to spend more energy to overcome buoyancy and hold their breath. The yellow race is slightly inferior in muscle weight, so China and Japan sometimes become world champions in swimming.
In the impression of many people, white people belong to a strong "Lux type". In Hollywood movies starring China Kung Fu superstars Jackie Chan and Jet Li, although white people are often defeated by them, their power in the movies is impressive. Speed gives whites an advantage in swimming, while strength also helps them to have an advantage in track and field, ball games, throwing and other events. Observing the weightlifting field of this Olympic Games, we can know that the main event for China athletes to win the gold medal is lightweight, while the heavyweight weightlifting event is basically monopolized by European and American white players.
Why are white people born Hercules? Because the ancestors of white people lived in cold high latitudes, as far as warm-blooded animals are concerned, the bigger their bodies are, the less heat they lose, which is conducive to survival. Therefore, white people are naturally tall and strong, and occupy natural advantages in track and field, ball games, swimming and strength events.
How is black lightning tempered?
When it comes to running events, people will think of black athletes who are as fast as lightning. /kloc-On the night of 0/6, Jamaican star Bolt broke the world record and won the championship with a score of 9.69 seconds, which shocked the world. Black people not only have super explosive power, but also have unparalleled endurance. In seven events that require speed and explosiveness, such as 100, 200, 400-meter dash, long jump, triple jump,10, 400-meter hurdle, all the world records are held by black athletes. In the men's 100 meter sprint, which represents the speed limit of human beings, only blacks can run 10 second. In long-distance running events that require endurance, black athletes from Kenya and Ethiopia have long dominated.
Where does the amazing explosive power of black athletes come from? Through muscle biopsy, it shows that black athletes have a high percentage of muscle fibers, so they don't consume much oxygen in sprint, which is the key to winning. The flexor muscle strength of black foot is about 150 ~ 200 kg, while that of white foot is only about 50 kg. If the same leg pedal force acts on the ground, the elasticity of blacks is 3 ~ 4 times higher than that of whites. This makes them not only run faster, but also jump higher. The jumping ability of black basketball stars such as Jordan in blocking shots and rebounding has left many white athletes behind.
In his book Why Black Athletes Dominate Sports Arena (2000 edition), Joe Endinitine, an American sports journalist, also made a lot of investigations on the physiological structure advantages of black people. He said that compared with other races, blacks have narrower hips, wider shoulders, longer limbs and less fat. And relatively more muscles are like a large-displacement engine, which provides a strong power guarantee for the body. Black people not only have strong motivation, but also have a high proportion of fast muscle fibers in muscles, which makes black people occupy an absolute advantage in speed events.
A powerful muscle engine also needs matching bone transmission. The average density of inorganic substances in adult black bones is higher than that of whites 10%, so they are stronger. The content of testosterone in black blood is 3 ~ 19% higher than that of white and yellow people, which shows the physical advantage of black people from the hormone level. Testosterone content causes division between men and women, and it tends to form more muscles. Synthetic molecules similar to testosterone are also the main effective components of early stimulants, and black athletes are equivalent to having natural stimulants.
Speed and endurance are often contradictory. The cheetah on the African grassland is a veritable "speed magic" on land, but it can only run short distances. However, the natural physical ability of black athletes also gives them endurance. This first benefits from the better metabolic mechanism of black people. It is found that black people have more sweat glands, faster skin cooling and more perfect perspiration mechanism than white people. Scientists have done control experiments at high temperature (76.5℃), and found that after staying at this temperature for 15 minutes, white people sweat 107 cubic centimeter and black people sweat 170 cubic centimeter. Black people also have better anti-fatigue ability. A study of Kenyan athletes by Copenhagen Institute of Sports Science shows that the muscle cells of black athletes can better store oxygen and reduce fatigue.