1. Setting range of outdoor fire hydrant

1) In the planning and architectural design of cities, residential areas, factories and warehouses, the fire water supply system must be designed at the same time; Towns (including residential areas, commercial areas, development zones, industrial areas, etc. ) Municipal fire hydrant system should be set up along the street where fire engines can pass.

2) Outdoor fire hydrants should be set around civil buildings, workshops (warehouses), storage tanks (areas) and storage yards.

3) Outdoor fire hydrant system is set on the roof for fire rescue and fire truck parking.

4) The fire resistance rating is not lower than Grade II, and the building volume is less than or equal to 3000m? Class e workshop; Or residential areas with no more than 500 people and no more than two floors of buildings, there is no need to set up outdoor fire water supply system.

2. The number of outdoor fire hydrants in buildings should be calculated and determined according to the design flow and protection radius of outdoor fire hydrants. The protection radius should not be greater than 150.0m, and the flow of each outdoor hydrant should be calculated according to10l/s ~15l/s.

When is 5000 meters? & lt Building volume? 20000m？ The design flow of outdoor fire hydrants should not be less than 25 l/s ... The water output of each outdoor fire hydrant is 10 ~ 15l/s, and the outdoor fire hydrants should be evenly arranged around the building and should not be concentrated on one side of the building; The number of outdoor fire hydrants on one side of the building fire extinguishing surface should not be less than 2.

Knowledge point 2 Indoor fire hydrant system

1. Setting range of indoor fire hydrant

2. Configuration requirements of indoor fire hydrant: the volume is more than 5000m? Multi-storey civil buildings should be equipped with indoor fire hydrant system.

① The building height is greater than 15m or the building volume is greater than 10000m? The design flow of indoor fire hydrants in multi-storey civil buildings should not be less than 15L/s, and at the same time, there should be no less than three fire-fighting water guns, and the minimum flow of each vertical pipe should not be less than10l/s.

(2) DN65 indoor fire hydrant should be adopted for indoor fire hydrant, and it should be equipped with a belt lining with a nominal diameter of 65mm, and the length should not exceed 25.0m m. ..

(3) The layout of indoor fire hydrants shall meet the requirement that two full water columns of two fire hoses on the same plane reach any part at the same time. The arrangement spacing of indoor fire hydrants should not be greater than 30m, the dynamic pressure of hydrant bolt mouth should not be less than 0.25MPa, and the full water column of fire hydrants should be calculated as 10m.

(4) Indoor fire hydrants should be set in stairwells, rest platforms, lounges and walkways. , obviously easy to access, convenient for fire fighting;

⑤ The height of indoor hydrant bolt mouth from the ground should be 1. 1m, and its outlet direction should be convenient for laying fire hose, and it should be 90? The angle is still downward.

⑥ The number of indoor fire hydrants in the building should be calculated and determined according to the design flow and protection radius of indoor fire hydrants, and the spacing should not be greater than 30m.

Knowledge point 3 Automatic sprinkler system

1) The ground song and dance entertainment places (except swimming places) on the first floor, second floor and third floor with a building area of more than 300m2 shall be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system and adopt automatic sprinkler system. The fire hazard level of the place set by the system is medium risk level, and its water spraying intensity should not be less than 6L/min? ㎡, the action area should not be less than 160m2.

2) The fire risk level of the installation site of automatic sprinkler system is divided into 4 categories and 8 levels-mild risk level/moderate risk level (most civil buildings and industrial plants are classified as moderate risk level. According to the characteristics of many kinds and wide ranges of such places, they are subdivided into medium I and medium II) serious danger grades.

Warehouse fire risk grade: according to the fire risk of the goods and their packaging materials stored in the warehouse, the warehouse fire risk grade is divided into grade one, grade two and grade three. The fire hazard of warehouse 1 generally refers to the place where food, tobacco and alcohol, and incombustible or flame-retardant articles packed in wooden boxes and cartons are stored; The secondary fire risk of warehouse generally refers to the place where wood, paper, leather and other articles are stored, and all kinds of non-combustible articles packed in plastic bottles and boxes are mixed with various articles. The third level of warehouse fire risk generally refers to the place where Class A plastics, rubber and its products are stored.

3) The close system with single-row closed sprinkler is only installed in the walkway, and its action area should be determined according to the aisle area corresponding to the maximum evacuation distance; For places with permeable ceilings such as grids and grilles, the water spraying intensity of the system shall be determined according to 1.3 times the specified value in the table; The working area of dry system is determined by 1.3 times the value specified in the table. The working pressure of the nozzle at the most unfavorable point of the system should not be lower than 0.05MPa.

Knowledge point 4 Smoke extraction facilities: smoke prevention facilities should be installed in the smoke prevention stairwell and its front room, the front room or shared front room of the fire elevator room, the front room of the evacuation walkway and the refuge floor (room) in the building. Natural smoke exhaust is preferred.

Knowledge point 5 automatic fire alarm system

1) Scope of application of the system: the automatic fire alarm system is suitable for places where people live and often stay, places where important materials are stored, or places where serious pollution occurs after combustion, and it is necessary to give an alarm in time.

2) Selection of the form of automatic fire alarm system

For the protected objects that only need alarm but do not need automatic fire fighting equipment, the regional alarm system should be adopted.

It is necessary not only to give an alarm, but also to link automatic fire fighting equipment. It is only necessary to set a fire alarm controller with centralized control function and the protected object of the fire fighting linkage controller. Centralized alarm system should be adopted and fire control room should be set up.

If two or more fire control room protection objects are set, or two or more centralized alarm system protection objects have been set, the alarm system of the control center should be adopted.

Knowledge point 6 fire extinguisher

1. Scope of application of fire extinguishers (1) Class A fire (solid matter fire) Water-based (water mist, foam) fire extinguishers and ABC dry powder fire extinguishers can be used to effectively extinguish Class A fires. (2) Class B fire (liquid or fusible solid fire) can use water-based (water mist, foam) fire extinguishers.

BC or ABC dry powder fire extinguishers and clean gas fire extinguishers are used for fire fighting. (3) Class C fire (gas fire) can be put out with dry powder fire extinguishers, water-based (water mist) fire extinguishers, clean gas fire extinguishers and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers. (4) In case of Class D fire (metal fire), 7 150 fire extinguishing agent can be used, and dry sand, soil or cast iron powder can also be used instead of fire extinguishing. (5) In case of class E fire (open flame), it is best to use a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher or a clean gas fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire. If not, you can also use dry powder and water-based (water mist) fire extinguishers to extinguish the fire.

(6) Class F fire (cooking fire in cookers) Because carbon dioxide fire extinguishers can only temporarily extinguish Class F fires and are easy to rekindle, BC dry powder fire extinguishers (tests show that ABC dry powder fire extinguishers are not effective in extinguishing Class F fires) and water-based (water mist, foam) fire extinguishers can generally be used for fire fighting.

2. Danger level of fire extinguisher configuration site

(1) Industrial buildings should be divided into the following three levels according to the fire risk of articles produced, used and stored, the quantity of combustible materials, the speed of fire spread, and the difficulty of fighting: serious risk level/medium risk level/light risk level.

(2) The danger level of fire extinguishers in civil buildings should be divided into the following three levels according to the nature of use, the intensity of personnel, the situation of electricity and fire, the quantity of combustible materials, the speed of fire spread, and the difficulty of fighting. : severe risk level/medium risk level/light risk level.

3. The configuration design and calculation of the fire extinguisher configuration site can generally be considered and designed according to the following steps and requirements:

1) Determine the fire type and risk level of each fire extinguisher configuration site. 2) Dividing calculation units and calculating the protection area of each unit. 3) Calculate the minimum fire protection level required by each unit. 4) Determine the location and number of fire extinguisher setting points in each unit. 5) Calculate the minimum fire extinguishing level required for each fire extinguisher set point. 6) Determine the type, specification and quantity of fire extinguishers for each unit and each setting point. 7) Determine the setting mode and requirements of each fire extinguisher.

8) The number of fire extinguishers in a computing unit should not be less than 2, and the number of fire extinguishers in each setting point should not be more than 5. 9) On the engineering design drawing, the type, specification, quantity and location of fire extinguishers are explained with legends and words.

4. Division of calculation unit of fire extinguisher configuration site

Calculation unit refers to the division of areas in the process of fire extinguisher configuration design, taking into account factors such as fire type, danger level and adjacency, etc., for the convenience of design. A computing unit can be a place with only one fire extinguisher or several fire extinguishers, but at this time, the protection area, protection distance and the number of fire extinguishers should be considered as a whole.

Obviously, for non-adjacent fire extinguishers, fire extinguishers should be designed and calculated as a calculation unit. However, adjacent configuration sites with the same risk level and fire type, or adjacent configuration sites with different risk levels and fire types, shall be divided according to the following provisions:

A floor or a fire zone can be used as a calculation unit, and in adjacent places, the configuration of fire extinguishers has the same risk level and fire type.

Fire extinguishers with different hazard levels or fire types should be used as a calculation unit respectively. The same calculation unit shall not span fire zones and floors.

5. Calculation of minimum required fire extinguishing level Q=K*S/U, where the minimum required fire extinguishing level of Q calculation unit (A or B); S calculation unit protection area (㎡); Maximum protection area of unit fire extinguishing level in UA or B fire place (㎡/A or ㎡/b); K correction coefficient.

Grade A hazards are the most important, and Grade B hazards are the most important.

Single lowest level 3A2A 1A single lowest level 89B55B2 1B

The maximum protection area per unit area is 5075 100, and the maximum protection area per unit area is 0.5 1.0 1.5.

Among them, K for setting indoor fire hydrant (0.9) and fire extinguishing system (0.7) is 0.5; The minimum required fire rating of calculation units in song and dance entertainment places, Internet cafes, shopping malls, temples and underground places should be increased by 30% on the basis of the calculation results;

The minimum fire extinguishing level QE required for each fire extinguisher set point in the calculation unit is q/n, n, where n is the number of fire extinguishers in the calculation unit. The fire extinguishing level and quantity of the fire extinguishers actually equipped at each fire extinguisher setting point shall not be lower than the calculated value of the minimum required fire extinguishing level and quantity. And shall ensure that the most unfavorable point is at least within the protection range of 1 fire extinguisher.

Knowledge point 7 Fire emergency lighting and evacuation signs

1) The closed stairwell, evacuation walkway, lobby on the first floor, disco, fire control room, power distribution room, smoke exhaust room and other places of the ballroom building should be provided with evacuation lighting.

2) Illumination regulations for ballroom fire emergency lighting: ① The minimum horizontal illumination on the ground of evacuation walkway should not be lower than1.0lx; (2) the minimum horizontal illumination on the ground of disco evacuation lighting should not be less than 3.01x; (3) the minimum horizontal illumination of the ground for evacuation lighting in the closed stairwell shall not be less than 5.01x. (4) The fire control room, power distribution room, fire water pump room, smoke control room and fire equipment room that still need to work normally in case of fire should be equipped with lighting, and the minimum illumination of the working face should not be lower than that of normal lighting.

3) Lighting evacuation signs should be set in ballroom buildings. Lighting evacuation signs should be located directly above the emergency exits and evacuation doors in crowded places, and on the wall or ground below the height of the evacuation walkway and its corner from the ground1m. The distance between the light evacuation signs at the evacuation walkway should not be greater than 20m；; For bag-shaped walkways, it should not be greater than10m; ; At the corner of the aisle, it should not be greater than1.0m.

4) Song and dance entertainment places should add visual continuous light evacuation signs or light storage evacuation signs on the ground of evacuation walkways and main evacuation passages.

Knowledge point 8 When indoor fire hydrant system, automatic sprinkler system, water spray fire extinguishing system, foam fire extinguishing system, fixed fire monitor fire extinguishing system and fixed cooling water system are installed in the building, the indoor fire water consumption should be the sum of indoor fire hydrant water consumption and automatic fire extinguishing water consumption (including automatic water spray fire extinguishing, water spray fire extinguishing and automatic fire monitor fire extinguishing, etc.). , which should be determined according to the system with the largest water consumption), water curtain or cooling zone water (all three are turned on at the same time).

When one or more automatic water fire extinguishing systems such as automatic sprinkler system, water spray fire extinguishing system, foam fire extinguishing system or fixed fire monitor fire extinguishing system are fully protected indoors, the water consumption of indoor fire hydrants in multi-storey buildings can be reduced by 50%, but not less than10l/s.

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