Viral, spermatogenic, toxic and autoimmune cirrhosis can be caused by hepatitis A virus infection, long-term alcoholism, exposure to hepatotoxic substances and autoimmune dysfunction.
Patients with compensatory cirrhosis mainly show fatigue, loss of appetite, mild abdominal distension, nausea and vomiting. For patients with decompensated cirrhosis, the main manifestations are abnormal liver function and portal hypertensive ascites, often accompanied by various complications.
Principles of nutritional treatment for liver cirrhosis
(1) Energy: The required amount depends on the patient's condition, generally 25003000Kcal.
(2) protein: To meet the needs and tolerance of patients and prevent hepatic encephalopathy. 1.2- 1.5g/kg/d
(3) Fat: 40-50g per day is appropriate, accounting for 20% to 25% of the total energy. If it is cholestatic cirrhosis, adopt a low-fat and low-cholesterol diet.
(4) Carbohydrate: the daily supply is 350-500g, some sweets can be supplemented appropriately, and enteral nutrition preparation can be selected if necessary.
(5) Minerals: Attention should be paid to the supplementation of zinc, iron and magnesium.
Dietary examples of liver cirrhosis
Breakfast: sugar triangle (flour 50g sugar10g); Mung bean porridge (mung bean 10g, rice 50g); 50g salted egg; Mixed Toona sinensis yuba (Toona sinensis 75g, fresh yuba 50g). Meal: 200g sweet soybean milk.
Lunch: jiaozi (flour 125g, chicken breast 50g, fresh mushrooms 100g, radish 75g); Dried seaweed soup (dried seaweed 5g, laver 10g). Extra meal: fresh peach150g; ; Lotus root starch (lotus root starch 25g, sugar 20g).
Dinner: salt and pepper rolls (flour100g); Tomato and egg soup (tomato 75g, 25g); Eggs); Stewed sea cucumber with onion (sea cucumber 75g, onion 75g); Assorted cucumber Flammulina velutipes (50g cucumber, 75g Flammulina velutipes).
Dietary addition: skim milk 200 g; Apple 150g. Note: 20g vegetable oil is used for cooking all day, energy 10.2MJ(2430kcal) protein 104g( 17%) fat 48g( 18%) carbohydrate 39 1g(65%).