black soya bean
Black beans are short or tendril-shaped, with a plant height of about 40-80 cm, roots containing a large number of rhizobia, alternate leaves, compound leaves with 3 leaves, oval or oval leaflets, axillary flowers, butterfly-shaped corollas, white or purple florets, black seed coat and yellow or green cotyledons.
shape
The product is oval or spherical, slightly flat, 6-12mm long and 5-9mm in diameter. The surface is black or gray-black, smooth or textured, shiny, and there is a yellow-white oval hilum on one side. It's hard. Seed coat is thin and brittle, cotyledons 2, thick, yellow-green or light yellow. A slight breath, a faint taste, and a beany smell when chewing. Black beans, also known as long beans, boiled beans and zero black beans, are often called black beans and red beans among the people, and are known as the king of beans. Black beans are anti-aging and anti-aging, and medicine and food are homologous. Because it is black and small in shape, it can be used as concentrate for pigs and horses, and soybeans belong to soybeans. Medicinal uses include bean rolls, douchi and black bean skins processed with black beans.
core
Black beans are short or tendril-shaped, with a plant height of about 40-80 cm, roots containing a large number of rhizobia, alternate leaves, compound leaves with 3 leaves, oval or oval leaflets, axillary flowers, butterfly-shaped corollas, white or purple florets, black seed coat and yellow or green cotyledons. Annual herb, 50 ~ 80 cm tall. The stem is erect or tendril-shaped, with dense yellow bristles. 3 compound leaves; Petiole long, densely covered with yellow long bristles; Stipules are small and lanceolate; There are 3 lobules, oval, broadly ovoid or narrowly ovoid. Usually, the leaflets on both sides are oblique oval, 6 ~ 13cm long and 4 ~ 8.5cm wide, with blunt or sharp tips, and the midvein often protrudes into a spinous tip, with a round, wide wedge-shaped or nearly truncated base, and the whole edge or microwave shape. Both sides are covered with yellow bristles. The raceme is short and wide, axillary, with 2 ~ 10 flowers; Flowers white or purple; Calyx green, bell-shaped, apex 5 teeth, covered with yellow bristles; Corolla butterfly-shaped, flag petal obovate, apex rounded, slightly concave, wing petal grid-shaped, with fine claws, keel petal slightly rectangular, with claws at the base; Stamens10,2-body; Ovary is linear, ovoid, with yellow bristles, underdeveloped basal glands, short style and capitate stigma. The pod is oblong-lanceolate, 5 ~ 7 cm long and 65438 0 cm wide, with a slightly convex top, brown and densely covered with yellow bristles. The seeds are ovoid or nearly spherical, and the seed coat is yellow, green or black. It blooms in August. The fruiting period is 10 month. It is cultivated all over the country.
Medicinal value
In the long-term farming society, people have found that after eating black beans, livestock are strong, powerful and disease-resistant. Therefore, in the past, black beans were mainly used as livestock feed, which was actually determined by the inherent nutrition and health care functions of black beans. At that time, people advocated white food, and only poor and hungry people had no choice but to eat black beans. However, doctors and health professionals have discovered and summarized the health care functions of black beans. Black beans are flat and sweet; Spleen and kidney meridian; Has the effects of detumescence, moistening lung, clearing away heat, promoting blood circulation, inducing diuresis, expelling pathogenic wind, removing arthralgia, nourishing blood, tranquilizing mind, improving eyesight, invigorating spleen, tonifying kidney, nourishing yin, and removing toxic substances, and can be used for treating edema, beriberi due to wind toxicity, jaundice edema, spasm due to wind arthralgia, puerperal wind pain, sores on mouth and tongue, carbuncle swelling, detoxification, wind heat control and night sweats.
White kidney bean
White bean
White kidney bean, whose biological name is multi-flowered kidney bean, is named because of its diverse colors. Belongs to Leguminosae Phaseolus, Papilionidae and Phaseolus. Now it is planted in all provinces and regions of China, with Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces with larger areas, and Dali, Lijiang and Lanping in Yunnan with larger areas. Kidney bean has high medicinal value. According to the ancient medical books in China, it is sweet in taste and flat in nature, and has the effects of warming the middle warmer, lowering qi, benefiting the stomach, stopping hiccups, tonifying the kidney and tonifying the yuan. It is a good nourishing diet.
Place of production
White kidney bean is a traditional leguminous crop in Lijiang. In recent years, with the increase of export of white kidney beans, white kidney bean products are regarded as an important industry to get rid of poverty and become rich in Lijiang mountainous area, and Lijiang white kidney bean industry has become one of the export bases of kidney beans in the province. The annual output of Liming Township and Ludian Township in Lijiang alone exceeds 4,000 tons. Lijiang kidney beans are mainly produced in Tai 'an, Ludian, Judian, Liming and other alpine mountainous areas in the west of Lijiang. Because of the good soil and water and no pollution, Lijiang kidney beans are not only of good quality, but also full of particles and bright colors. They are the first-class raw materials for making bean paste, bean stuffing, bean crisp, high-grade candy, bean powder and soybean milk, and they are hot commodities for earning foreign exchange through export. In recent years, Japanese kidney bean experts, green food certification department of China Ministry of Agriculture, World Bank officials, agricultural industry development project of European Union BCS certification body and Werner Augusta, a local development assessment expert, have successively inspected AA-level green bean bases in Tai 'an, Lijiang and ji zi. They think that the production technology of AA-level mung beans in Lijiang fully meets the international AA-level green food standards. Therefore, Lijiang was listed as an AA-level green food development base by China Green Food Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture. It is reported that among more than 300 A-grade green foods in China, there are only four AA-grade green foods, namely Shandong peanuts, Heilongjiang soybeans, Hebei small red beans and Yunnan Lijiang kidney beans. At present, Lijiang County plans to build 5,000 mu of kidney bean bases in Daan Township, Ludian and Judian in eight years, with an annual output of 280 tons of AA-class kidney beans, all of which are exported to Japan.
nutritive value
Kidney beans are rich in nutrition. According to the determination, every100g of kidney bean contains protein 23. 1 g, fat10.3g, carbohydrate 56.9g, carotene 0.24mg, calcium160mg, phosphorus 4 10/0mg and iron 7. They are suitable for making bean paste, soup, barbecue, canned or cold drinks, cakes, sweets and snacks.
Therapeutic value
Kidney bean has high medicinal value. According to the ancient medical books in China, it is sweet in taste and flat in nature, and has the effects of warming the middle warmer, lowering qi, benefiting the stomach, stopping hiccups, tonifying the kidney and tonifying the yuan. It is a good nourishing diet. Kidney bean also has sedative effect, and has certain curative effect on hiccup due to deficiency cold, vomiting due to stomach cold, traumatic injury, wheezing and coughing, lumbago and neuralgia. Kidney bean is also a kind of food with high potassium and low sodium, which is very suitable for patients with heart disease, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and salt aversion. Modern medical analysis shows that kidney beans contain many kinds of globulins such as hemagglutinin.
Red bean shrub
Red beans, also called adzuki beans, are not as nutritious as soybeans. Besides protein and fat, it also contains vitamins A, B, C, plant saponins and trace elements such as aluminum and copper. It should also be noted that adzuki bean and acacia are similar in appearance and both have aliases of "red bean". Robinia pseudoacacia produces a lot.
Red bean shrub
East, half red and half black in appearance. In the past, acacia was mistaken for adzuki bean and caused poisoning. Don't be confused when eating.
Traditional Chinese medicine attribute
Common names: red bean, red bean, red Mi Dou, Mi Dou.
Sexual taste: flat, sweet and sour.
Efficacy: strengthen the spleen to stop diarrhea, diuretic and detumescence.
It is suitable for people with various edema, including renal edema, cardiogenic edema, ascites due to liver cirrhosis, malnutrition edema, etc. If you can eat it with mullet, carp or yellow hen, the swelling effect will be better; Suitable for postpartum hypogalactia and postpartum edema, you can simply drink soup or cook porridge with red beans; Suitable for obese people.
Functional indication
Diuresis and dehumidification, blood and pus discharge, detumescence and detoxification. Treat edema, beriberi, jaundice, diarrhea, bloody stool and carbuncle.
(1) Classic: "The main body enters the water to drive carbuncle, reduce swelling and discharge pus."
② Don't record: "Cure cold and heat, quench thirst, stop diarrhea, facilitate urination, vomit, squat, small abdominal distension."
③ Theory of medicinal properties: "Eliminating heat, toxic carbuncle and swelling, dispelling pathogenic blood are inexhaustible and annoying. Treat edema and skin muscle fullness; Knife Bo Tu carbuncle swelling; Master acute jaundice, take juice and take it; Can make people delicious; Finally, mix with eggs and coat with hot poison carbuncle; Ventilation, spleen and stomach. "
4 medicated diet: "Boiled with carp can cure beriberi and abdominal edema; Dispelling qi, in addition to joint annoyance and heat, makes people open-minded and have poor urination; Green and red, edible. " I'm so angry that I can't eat any more after the huge profits. I'll eat it when it's cooked. "
⑤ "Book Materia Medica": "Sick wine is hot, drink juice."
6 edible herbal medicine; "Strengthen bones and muscles, cure moisture and relieve heat toxicity of wheat."
⑦ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Red bean powder, treat upset, clear away heat and toxic materials, expel pus and replenish blood vessels."
8 Outline: "Treat febrile diseases, treat dystocia, give birth to a fetus, and let the breast pass."
9 "Herbal Rejuvenation": "Clearing away heat and activating blood, inducing diuresis and dredging menstruation, moistening intestines and regulating qi."
Oral administration and dosage: decoction, 0.3 ~1; Or turned into powder. External use: feast bar.
It is advisable to avoid Tao Hongjing: "Sexual flooding of body fluids is boring for a long time."
2 Eating Habits Materialism: "Eat thin people for a long time."
(3) Diet Spectrum of Interesting Life: "Those who are bitten by snakes should avoid it within 100 days."
mung bean
Mung bean, also called green adzuki bean, is a traditional bean food of our people. The protein content of mung bean is almost three times that of japonica rice, and there are more inorganic salts such as vitamins, calcium, phosphorus and iron than japonica rice. Therefore, it not only has good edible value, but also has very good medicinal value, and is called "the food of the world". In hot summer, mung bean soup is the favorite summer drink of ordinary people. Efficacy: Mung bean tastes sweet and cool, and has the function of clearing away heat and toxic materials. People who work in high temperature environment in summer sweat a lot, lose a lot of water and liquid, and the electrolyte balance in the body is destroyed. It is the most ideal way to supplement it with mung bean soup.
mung bean
It can clear away heat, relieve summer heat, replenish qi, quench thirst, and induce diuresis. It can not only replenish water, but also replenish inorganic salts in time, which is of great significance for maintaining water-liquid electrolyte balance. Mung beans also have detoxification effect. In case of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, lead poisoning, alcoholism (drunkenness) or taking the wrong medicine, you can first fill a bowl of mung bean soup for emergency treatment and then send it to the hospital for emergency treatment. People who often work in a toxic environment or come into contact with toxic substances should often eat mung beans to detoxify and protect their health. Regular consumption of mung beans can supplement nutrition and enhance physical strength.
nutritive value
1. protein and phospholipids contained in mung beans can excite nerves and stimulate appetite, which is necessary for many important organs of human body to increase nutrition;
2. Polysaccharide in mung bean can enhance the activity of serum lipoprotein enzyme, hydrolyze triglyceride in lipoprotein, and reduce blood lipid, thus preventing and treating coronary heart disease and angina pectoris;
3. Mung bean contains a globulin and polysaccharide, which can promote the decomposition of cholesterol in animals into cholic acid in the liver, accelerate the secretion of bile salts in bile and reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine;
4. Clinical experiments show that the effective components of mung bean have antiallergic effect and can treat urticaria and other diseases;
5. Mung beans can inhibit staphylococcus and some viruses, and can clear away heat and detoxify;
6. Mung bean is rich in trypsin inhibitor, which can protect the liver and reduce protein decomposition, thus protecting the kidney.
property of a medicine
Return to the heart; Stomach meridian.
Heat-clearing effect; Summer is hot; Lishui; Detoxify.
Family and genus classification of Leguminosae.
Indications for summer heat and polydipsia; Cold and fever; Cholera vomiting and diarrhea; Phlegm heat asthma; Headache and red eyes; Mouth sore; Edema and oliguria; Ulcer, abscess and swelling; Rubella erysipelas; Drug and food poisoning.
After harvesting and storage, harvesting at the beginning of autumn and when the seeds are mature, the whole plant is pulled out, dried in the sun, the seeds are buried and impurities are winnowed.
Resources are distributed in all provinces and regions of China.
Animal and Plant Morphology Mung Bean is an annual erect or slightly twisted herb. About 60 cm tall, with short brown bristles. Three compound leaves, alternate; The petiole is 9 ~ 65438 0 2 cm long; Leaflets 3, the leaves are broadly ovoid to rhombic ovoid, the lateral leaflets are oblique, 6 ~ 10 cm long and 2.5 ~ 7.5 cm wide, the apex of mung bean is tapered, the base is round, wedge-shaped or truncated, and the bristles are sparse on both sides; Stipules are broadly ovate and linear. Racemes axillary, total pedicels shorter than petioles or nearly as long; Bracts ovate or ovoid-oblong, with long bristles; Flowers green and yellow; Calyx is obliquely bell-shaped, with 4 calyx teeth, and the lowest tooth of 1 is the longest and nearly hairless; The flag flap is kidney-shaped, the wing flap has gradually narrowed claws, the claws of the keel flap are segmented, and one of the keel flaps has horns; Stamens 10, dimorphic; Ovary sessile, densely hirsute. The pod is cylindrical, 6 ~ 8 cm long and 6 mm wide. When it matures, it is black and covered with sparse brown bristles. Seeds green or dark green, oblong. The flowering period is June-July, and the fruiting period is August. Efficacy classification: clearing away heat and toxic materials; Summer medicine
Sweet in nature; A cold nature.
The basic source of medicinal materials is the seed of leguminous plant mung bean.
Oral administration and dosage: decoction, 15 ~ 30g, large dose,15 ~ 30g; Grinding; Or unprocessed fruit juice. External use: take appropriate amount, grind it into powder and apply it.
Source: Chinese Materia Medica.
soybean
Soybean originated in China, which can be proved by a large number of ancient documents in China. In the Historical Records compiled by Sima Qian in Han Dynasty (BC 145 ~ 93), the first volume of Biography of Five Emperors wrote: "Emperor Yan wanted to invade the princes of the mausoleum, and the princes returned to Xuanyuan with salt. Xuanyuan is Xiu De's army, ruling the five qi, bowing five kinds, comforting all the people and celebrating the quartet. " Zheng Xuan said, "Five kinds, millet, hulled wheat and rice." Sima Qian wrote in "Historical Records * Volume 27": "It is a blessing to spread to the lower berth", which shows this mystery.
soybean
Yuan Huangdi planted glutinous rice when he was in the Yellow Emperor. The Ancient History of China, edited by Zhu Shaohou, talks about the economic and cultural development of Shang Dynasty (BC16th century ~ BC 1 1 century), and points out: "The main crops are millet, millet, wheat (barley), rice (wheat), chaff and rice. Bo Huamu pointed out: "As far as China is concerned, there was Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty before 1000 BC. Of course, the records are very limited. In terms of crops, there are millet, millet, beans, wheat, rice, mulberry and so on. , are the main crops that people relied on at that time. "Yan Qing Kejun's edition of Records of the Three Ancient Dynasties, Three Kingdoms, Qin, Han and Six Dynasties points out:" Soybean was born in Huai. Out of the falling rock valley. China matures in 90 days and 60 days. Every One Happy and Fifty Day, avoid it. "
plant morphology
Soybean belongs to the genus Panicum in Leguminosae, with a height of 60- 180cm.
When soybeans grow, their stems are thick and thick with long brown bristles.
Petiole long, densely covered with yellow long bristles; Stipules are small and lanceolate; Tripartite compound leaves, terminal lobules rhomboid-ovate, 7-13cm long and 3-6cm wide, with an acuminate apex, a wide wedge-shaped or round base, white villous on both sides, and small lateral lobules obliquely ovate; Leaf rachis and petiole are densely covered with yellow long bristles.
Racemes axillary; Bracts and bracteoles lanceolate and hairy; Calyx-shaped, calyx teeth 5, lanceolate, the longest tooth below 1, all densely white villous; Corolla small, white or lavender, slightly longer than calyx; The apex of flag flap is slightly concave, wing flap 1 ear, keel flap sickle-shaped; Stamens 10, dimorphic; Ovary linear and hairy. Pods are oblong, slightly curved, drooping, yellow-green, with dense yellow bristles.
2-5 seeds, yellow-green or black, oval to nearly spherical, about 1cm long.
The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruiting period is from August to June.
nutritive value
Soybean protein contains more lysine and less methionine. In rural areas dominated by plant foods, attention should be paid to the use of soy products with foods rich in methionine, such as rice, flour and other cereals and eggs such as chickens, ducks, pigeons and quails, which can improve the utilization rate of soy protein. When eggs and beans are eaten together, their nutritional value is comparable to that of meat protein.
Soybean contains a fatty substance called linoleic acid, which can promote children's nerve development. Linoleic acid can also lower blood cholesterol, so it is a good food to prevent hypertension, coronary heart disease and arteriosclerosis. In addition, soybean is rich in B vitamins and inorganic salts such as calcium, phosphorus and iron. Although dried soybeans do not contain vitamin C, they can produce vitamin C after germination, which can be supplemented in the off-season of vegetables. Raw soybean contains antitrypsin factor, which affects the absorption of nutrients in soybean. Therefore, the cooking time of soybeans and foods made from soybeans should be longer than that of ordinary foods, and these factors should be destroyed by high temperature to improve the nutritional value of soybean protein.
The protein content of soybean is as high as 40%, and the quality can reach about 50%, which is more than twice that of lean pork and three times that of eggs. The amino acid composition of soybean protein is close to the amino acid needed by human body, and it belongs to complete protein, in which lysine content is more. Every100g of soybean contains about 35.8mg of iron, 418mg of phosphorus, and vitamin AB1B2D, etc.
Modern medical research believes that soybean contains no cholesterol, and can lower human cholesterol, reduce the occurrence of arteriosclerosis and prevent heart disease. Soybean also contains a substance that inhibits pancreatic enzyme, which has certain curative effect on diabetes. Therefore, soybean is recommended by nutritionists as an ideal health care product to prevent and treat coronary heart disease, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Soft phospholipids contained in soybeans are an important part of brain cells. Eating soybeans often plays an important role in increasing and improving brain skills.
Motherland medicine believes that eating soybeans can make people grow skin, benefit color, fill essence, increase strength, make up deficiency and increase appetite. It is a nourishing food suitable for the infirm, and has the effects of invigorating qi and nourishing blood, invigorating spleen, relaxing the stomach, strengthening the body, calming the heart, benefiting the large intestine, moistening dryness and promoting diuresis.