When you see good behavior, you must compare yourself meticulously; When you see bad behavior, you must reflect on yourself with fear; Good conduct is in yourself, so love yourself unswervingly; Bad things happen to you, so you must hate yourself like the victim. So the person who blames me appropriately is my teacher; Those who agree with me appropriately are my friends; Those who flatter me are thieves who hurt me.
A gentleman respects the teacher and respects the road, knowing himself and knowing himself, but he hates thieves very much. A loving personality will never be satisfied, and you can remain vigilant when you are persuaded, so even if you don't want to make progress, is it possible? The villain is extremely confused, but still hates others accusing him; I am extremely incompetent, but I want others to say that I am talented; My heart is like a tiger, and I act like an animal, but I hate others to point out my sins. Get close to those who flatter themselves.
Is it possible to alienate those who persuade themselves to correct their mistakes, treat kind and honest words as a sneer at themselves, and treat extremely loyal behavior as harm to themselves, even if such people don't want to die? "Poetry" said: "It is really sad to add chaos and slander. The plan was perfect, but it was violated; The plan is not good, but it is still used as planned. " That is to say, this kind of villain.
What makes people unhappy along the way is that courtesy is the rule, which can make their life span second only to that of Peng Zu. Self-cultivation and self-improvement can make your reputation comparable to that of Yao and Yu. Courtesy is really suitable for your worldly wisdom when you are prominent, and it is also beneficial to your worldly wisdom when you are poor. When using feelings, will and thoughts, it is smooth and accessible to follow etiquette, and it is chaotic and slack to follow etiquette. It is appropriate to observe etiquette when eating, drinking, dressing, living, exercising or resting.
If you don't obey the etiquette, you will break the taboo and get sick; In terms of appearance, attitude, advance and retreat, walking, etc., it is elegant to follow etiquette, but it is rude not to follow etiquette. Therefore, people cannot be rude, things cannot be rude, and countries cannot be rude. The poem says, "Etiquette is legal, and jokes are timely." That's the truth.
Guide others to teach with kind words and deeds, and echo others to obey with kind words and deeds; Use bad words and deeds to guide others to call flattery, and use bad words and deeds to echo others to call flattery. What is right and wrong is called wisdom, and what is right and wrong is called stupidity. Defaming a moral person is called slander, and framing a moral person is called mutilation. Right is right, and wrong is wrong. This is called integrity. Stealing property is called theft, hiding one's behavior is called fraud, and talking nonsense at will is called absurdity.
There is no fixed rule for moving forward or stopping, which is called impermanence. Those who betray their faith in order to protect their own interests are called thieves. I heard more deeply, but I heard less shallowly. What you see is more open and what you see is not so humble. What is difficult to improve is called slowness, and what is easy to forget is called omission. Simple and orderly measures are called political clarity, while numerous and chaotic measures are called chaos.
The method of regulating qi and nourishing heart is: if blood is strong, soften him with calmness; If you think too deeply, assimilate him with honesty and kindness; For brave, bold and violent people, help him with the truth that he can't go off the rails; People who are quick and easy to move will be constrained by silence; For those who are narrow-minded and narrow-minded, expand them with magnanimity.
For those who are humble, slow and greedy for profits, raise them with noble aspirations; For vulgar, ordinary, low-energy, sloppy, use a mentor to discipline him; For those who are frivolous and give up on themselves, remind him of the disaster he will incur; For the plain, simple, dignified and formal, coordinate with rites and music, and enlighten with thinking and exploration.
Generally speaking, nothing is more direct than following etiquette, nothing is more important than getting a good teacher, and nothing is more wonderful than loving kindness wholeheartedly. This is the method of regulating qi and nourishing heart. Have a good ambition, you can be proud of wealth, value morality, and despise emperors and princes; If you pay attention to inner reflection, then what is outside your body will be insignificant.
The ancient book says, "gentlemen are enslaved by foreign things, and villains are enslaved by foreign things." That's the truth. If you are tired and feel at ease, do it; Do something with less interests and more morality; It is better to serve a troubled monarch than to serve a confused monarch and serve others with virtue. Therefore, excellent farmers will not stop farming because of floods and droughts, excellent businessmen will not stop trading because of losses, and people who are interested in practicing and learning will not ignore morality because of poverty and hardship.
People who are respectful in appearance, loyal in heart, abide by etiquette and have love for others travel all over the world, and even if they get into trouble in the minority areas of Sifang, people are not disrespectful; Do the hard work first, leave the enjoyable things to others, be dignified and cautious, be honest and honest, and be polite and sensible. Such people go all over the world, and even if they are in trouble in ethnic minority areas around the world, people will not distrust them.
Proud and stubborn in appearance, narrow and deceitful in heart and complicated and filthy in spirit, such people travel all over the world and are successful wherever they go. No one does not look down on them; If you are tired and hard, you will be lazy, afraid of things, turn around and run away. Those who are good at pleasure will fight for it with a quick mouth. If you don't back down, you will be eccentric and rude, indulge your desires and have no restraint. Such people will go all over the world, and even if they succeed everywhere, people will not be disgusted.
Walking respectfully, not because of fear of being contaminated with mud; Keep your head and neck down when you walk, not because you are afraid of hitting something; Look at others and lower your head first, not because you are afraid of them. From this point of view, those literati just want to cultivate their body and mind alone and are not afraid to offend these secular people. That good horse can run thousands of miles a day, and a bad horse can walk for ten days. However, if you want to embark on an endless journey and catch up with that infinite journey, then a bad horse will be broken bones and tendons, and it is impossible to catch up with a good horse for a lifetime.
Therefore, if there is a destination, then although the journey of a thousand miles is far away, some just walk slowly, some run fast, some arrive early, and some arrive late. Why can't we reach this destination? I wonder if people who walk on the road of life will exhaust infinite things and pursue infinite goals? Still have an end?
The investigation and analysis of the propositions such as "firm but white", "same but different" and "thick but not thick" is not ignorance, but the gentleman does not argue because of the doctrine of the mean; Strange behavior is not difficult to do, but a gentleman does not do it because of the doctrine of the mean.
Therefore, scholars say, "I am behind. I caught up with them when they stopped to wait for me. That's just slower, faster, faster, or slower. Why can't I reach my destination? " In this way, step by step, the limping tortoise can walk thousands of miles away; If the accumulation of soil is not interrupted, the heaped-up mountains will eventually be piled up; Blocking the water source and ditching, then the Yangtze River and Yellow River can also dry up; Forward for a while, retreat for a while, turn left for a while, turn right for a while, even six good horses can't reach their destination.
As for everyone's qualifications, even if they are far apart, how can they be as different as a limping tortoise and six fine horses? However, a limping tortoise can reach its destination, but six good horses can't. There is no other reason, just one doing and one not doing! Even if the distance is very close, you can't get there without going; Even if things are small, you can't succeed without doing them. People who live in the world and spend a lot of time hanging around will never go far, even if they can surpass others.
A man who loves etiquette and tries his best to obey it is a bachelor; Is a determined and practical gentleman; He who knows everything and never exhausts his thoughts is a saint. People who have no manners will be confused and at a loss; If you have etiquette and don't know its purpose, you will be in a hurry; Only by following etiquette and grasping its specific guidelines can we be calm and poised. Etiquette is used to correct body and mind; Teachers are used to clarify etiquette correctly. Without etiquette, what can be used to correct the body and mind?
Without a teacher, how do I know that etiquette is like this? It's the etiquette. It is his nature to be content with etiquette. That's what the teacher said. He said so. Obeying the teacher is his reason. A saint is a person who is content with etiquette and obeys his teacher. Therefore, violating etiquette is ignoring etiquette; Disobeying the teacher is ignoring the teacher.
I don't agree with teachers and manners, and I like willfulness. Take him for example, just like letting the blind distinguish colors and the deaf distinguish sounds. Nothing good can be done except nonsense. So learning is learning etiquette; That teacher is a person who sets an example and pays attention to keeping good manners. The poem says, "I don't seem to understand or know, but I obey God's law." That is to say, this situation.
Being correct, cautious and obedient to his younger brother is a good boy; Coupled with diligence, modesty and agility, only those who are equal to him but do not surpass him can be called gentlemen. If you are lazy, timid and gluttonous, you can be called a bad boy. Coupled with bohemian, fierce and immoral, insidious and harmful, disrespectful to brothers, it can be called an ominous teenager; Such people can be killed even if they are punished.
Respect the elderly, then mature people will come to join; Don't embarrass the ignorant, then the sensible will gather; Do good deeds in secret and give alms to those who can't repay, then talented and incompetent people will gather. I'm afraid God won't destroy the man who has these three virtues, even if he makes a big mistake!
A gentleman has no intention of seeking profit, is prepared to avoid disasters, is afraid to avoid shame, and has the courage to pursue morality. Even if a gentleman is poor and embarrassed, his ambition is Judas; Even if he is rich and noble, his body is respectable; Even at ease, the spirit is not slack and lazy; Even if you are tired, you don't look listless; Don't punish others too much even if you are angry; Even if you are happy, you can't reward others too much.
The gentleman is poor, embarrassed and ambitious because he wants to preach benevolence and righteousness; He is rich, noble and respected because he wants to weaken his power; Comfortable and lazy, because he chose a reasonable standard of living; Tired and not listless, because he likes manners; Don't punish others excessively when you are angry, and don't reward others excessively when you are happy.
This is because his concept of etiquette is better than his affair. Shangshu said: "I don't care about my personal hobbies, but follow the right path set by my former king;" Regardless of personal disgust, take the right path determined by the former king. " This means that a gentleman can overcome his personal desires with morality that conforms to the public interest.
Original text:
If you see the bright side, you must save yourself. If you see the bad side, you must reflect on yourself. Hello, be good to yourself; If you are not good at it, you are evil to yourself. So, either my people or my teachers; It's me, my friend; Those who flatter me are thieves. Therefore, a gentleman takes his teacher as his friend, so that he hates his thief. If you are good but not satisfied, you can quit if you are admonished. Although you want not to advance, how can you get it? On the contrary, villains are chaotic and wicked people are not themselves, and they are corrupt and want to be virtuous. They are like tigers and wolves, acting like animals, and the thief of the wicked is themselves.
Flatterers kiss, remonstrate and argue, correct them as laughter, and be loyal as thieves. Although you want to live, how can you get it? "Poetry" said: "It's a pity. If you ask for it, you will violate it; If you don't care about it, you will rely on it. " This is also called. The level of goodness is the rule of qi and health after Peng Zu, and the self-cultivation after Yao and Yu is equally famous. We should keep pace with the times, help the poor and be polite and trustworthy. With blood, will and care, courtesy will cure, but without it, it will be chaotic.
Eating, drinking, wearing, living and moving, from ceremony to festival, you will get sick if you don't obey the ceremony; Appearance, attitude, advance and retreat, tendency, courtesy is elegant, rudeness is conservative, unconventional and mediocre. If an old friend is rude, there will be no life, if something is rude, there will be nothing, and if the country is rude, it will be uneasy. "Poetry" says: "Courtesy is measured, and laughter pays off." This is also called. Good ancestors call it teaching, and good people call it obedience; Bad ancestors are called flattery, and bad others are called flattery.
Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Hurting a good man is called slander, and hurting a good man is called a thief. Right, right, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, stealing goods is called stealing, hiding is called cheating, easy to say is called birthday, fun is uncertain, and abandoning righteousness is called thief. Listen more and learn more, listen less and learn more. It is more common to say idle things, but it is less common to say ugly things. It's hard to get in, but easy to forget. Less is the rule, more is chaos.
The art of treating qi and nourishing the heart: strong blood will soften and reconcile; The deeper you know, the better; Courage is supplemented by smooth roads; Give convenience, then stop; Narrow and small, broad outline; Humility, procrastination and greed, and then resist it with wisdom; When the masses disperse, they are teachers and friends; If you ignore and abandon it, it will be a disaster; Foolish wealth ends in embarrassment, then it is combined with rites and music and used for it. Any technique of treating qi and nourishing the heart does not need a teacher, and it is not good to get a god. Husband refers to the art of treating qi and nourishing the heart.
If you are determined to practice, you will be arrogant and rich, and your morality will be noble, and your princes will be light; Introspection is light. Chuan said, "A gentleman's thing is a villain's thing." This is called Yi. Work hard and feel at ease; Less and more righteousness, for it; Trouble is better than no trouble. Therefore, a good farmer is not drought, a good farmer is not poverty, and a gentleman is not poverty.
Respectful and faithful, humble and loving, they are all over the world. Although trapped in four countries, people are expensive. Hard work comes first, while pleasure can make people honest, cautious and meticulous, and run wild all over the world. Although trapped among four foreigners, people have an obligation to do it. The body is guilty, the technique is smooth and fine, and it is rampant all over the world. Although extending in all directions, people are not cheap. Hard work is stealing Confucianism, and rap is no fun, no embarrassment, no recording.
Looking around the world, although it extends in all directions, people will never give up. Lines are wings, not waterlogging; It is not a crime to do things while leaning down; I bow my head first, I'm not afraid. However, if a gentleman wants to cultivate his body alone, he must not offend vulgar people. A husband travels thousands of miles a day, and he also has ten horses. Will it be endless, endless? Its broken bones and tendons cannot be matched for life; Will stop, and then thousands of miles away, sooner or later, sooner or later, why not be together? People who don't know the trace will pursue infinity with infinity.
Has the meaning stopped? The husband is strong and white, there are differences, and there are thick and thick observations, but not observations. However, the gentleman stopped without arguing; It's not difficult to travel by the chief, but not by the gentleman. Stop here. Therefore, the scholar said, "If you wait for me, I will be late or soon, or early or late. Why not think it can't be the same? " Therefore, without stopping, the turtle is thousands of miles away; Tired of soil and ceaseless, Qiushan Chengchong; Tired of its source, open its blasphemy, rivers can be exhausted; One advance and one retreat, one left and one right, six horses don't come.
The talent of the other party is similar to that of the princess. So what if six horses are lame? However, for no other reason, a lame turtle can cause it, but six horses can't, either for it or not. Although the Tao is close, it cannot be done; Small as it is, nothing is impossible. He is also an idle person, and he is not far away. Good law, too; Dedication and body, the gentleman also; Qi Ming is inexhaustible, and saints are also. If people can't, they are dumbfounded; If there is law without ambition, the canal will be natural; Deep according to law, then warm.
Rites, so the body also; Teacher, so courtesy also. Why is rudeness right? Without a teacher, I am polite, right? However, politeness is also a sense of security; When a teacher talks in a fog, he knows if he is a teacher. Love with courtesy, knowledge with teacher is holy. Therefore, you must not be indecent; Without a teacher, there would be no teacher. It is better to use it for your own use than to learn the law. For example, we are still arguing with the blind, arguing with the deaf, and not doing anything. Therefore, those who learn also have manners; Teacher, as a tool of justice, you are safe. "Poetry" said: "I don't know, I don't know, I follow the son of heaven." This is also called.
If you are obedient to your younger brother, it can be said that it is good; Study hard and be sensitive, and you will be supreme and be a gentleman. Stealing Confucianism and fearing things, indulging in food unscrupulously, can be described as a villain; If you are tough and tactless, if you are a thief but not a brother, you can be said to be ignorant, although you can be punished. The old and the strong return, and those who are not poor and pass the product; What to do is invisible, what to do is not reported, and what to do is not filial. People have these three lines, although there are some big mistakes, life is still not enough.
The gentleman's pursuit of profit is also slight, and its far-reaching harm is also early. He avoided humiliation and fear, and his actions inspired him to be brave. The gentleman is poor and ambitious, rich and respectful, Yan' an is not lazy, poor and tired, but his appearance is not withered. He was angry, but he couldn't take it away. The gentleman is not poor in ambition, and the benevolent is also; Rich and respectful, killing potential also; Yan' an is not lazy, and Cambodia is reasonable; Tired but not withered, easy to make friends; Anger can't be taken away, joy can't be given, and law wins over private interests. "Book" said: "Do everything, shun Wang Zhidao; Do no evil, follow the way of the monarch. " It is said that a gentleman can overcome selfish desires with justice.
Extended data
Creation background
This article comes from Xunzi's self-cultivation, and through the method of "introspection and seeking from within", personal behavior conforms to feudal morality, thus cultivating talents for its feudal rule and political consolidation. Taoist self-cultivation requires conforming to nature; Mozi called for "unity of ambition and merit" to promote the benefits and eliminate the evils and level the world. The Confucian standard of "self-cultivation" is mainly the principle of loyalty and forgiveness and the three cardinal principles and five permanents, which is essentially an idealistic self-cultivation method divorced from social practice. They believe that the process of self-cultivation is: respecting things, knowing and doing, being sincere and being upright. Self-cultivation is the foundation, and family, country and the world are the goals.
character introduction
Xunzi (about 365438 BC+03-238 BC), Ming Qing, Han nationality. Because he avoided the taboo, the Western Han Dynasty's, Xun and Sun were also called. During the Warring States Period on weekends, Zhao people. A famous thinker, writer, politician and one of the representatives of Confucianism, he is known as "Xun Qing". He went to Gong Xue, Xia Ji, the State of Qi for three times, and was later ordered by Lan Ling of Chu (now Lan Ling of Shandong). Xunzi developed Confucianism and advocated the theory of evil nature, which is often compared with Mencius' theory of good nature. It has also made considerable contributions to the collation of Confucian classics.