Dong Zhongshu (formerly 179— 104) was a philosopher of the Western Han Dynasty, a master of Confucian classics, and a native of Guang Chuan (now Zaoqiang East, Hebei Province). When I was a teenager, I specialized in Spring and Autumn Annals. When Emperor Jing became a doctor, he devoted himself to studying Confucius. He used to be Jiangdu (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu) and Jiaoxiwang (now southwest of Gaomi, Shandong). When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty called on people to try out the world's virtuous literature, he put forward suggestions based on the "three strategies for the world". "Those who are not the subjects of the six arts are the teachers of Confucius, and each has its own way. If you don't advance, you will retreat." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was asked to oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone, which was adopted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Confucianism was the orthodox situation in feudal society for more than two thousand years. His theory is centered on the Confucian patriarchal clan system, mixed with the theory of yin and yang and five elements, and runs through theocracy, monarchical power, patriarchal clan system and husband power, forming a feudal theological system. He attached heaven to human nature and thought that "the great source of Tao comes from heaven, and the sky remains unchanged, so does Tao". It also puts forward the feudal ethics of "three cardinal guides and five permanents". In the aspect of education, it is advocated to take enlightenment as the "dike", establish imperial academy and set up a state of emergency. Later, he resigned due to illness, specializing in writing books. In case of major discussion, the court often sent people to his house to listen to opinions. His works include The Story of the Spring and Autumn Annals and Collected Works of Dong Zi.

Li Daoyuan (466 or 472-527) was a geographer and essayist in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Good at words. John young (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province) was born. Born into an official family, he also served as a central official in Pingcheng (the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, now Datong City, Shanxi Province) and Luoyang, and served as a local official many times. I am eager to learn, read widely and like sightseeing since I was a child. I have traveled all over Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Inner Mongolia and other places. Wherever I went, I paid attention to surveying the topography of water flow, traced back to the source, read a lot of geographical works and accumulated rich geographical knowledge. In his view, geographical phenomena are constantly developing and changing. After the changes of past dynasties, the rise and fall of cities, the changes of rivers and the change of names of mountains and rivers, geographical works must be constantly enriched and improved. He consulted 437 kinds of books, and through his own practical investigation, he finally completed the great work of geography. This 40-volume book * * * describes the origin of 1252 rivers, the areas where they flow, the distribution of branch canals, and the changes of ancient rivers. It also records a large number of farmland water conservancy construction projects, battlements, customs and other information. Notes on Water Classics is a geographical masterpiece with great scientific value, and it is also a unique travel note of mountains and rivers. Li Daoyuan vividly described the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland with full enthusiasm and profound writing style. He is an official who is "eager to enforce the law" and "known as a tough guy", and is quite hated by the royal family and powerful people. In the third year of Xiaochang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (A.D. 527), Xiao Baoyuan, the secretariat of Yongzhou, Wang Cheng, in Runan, took advantage of the attempted rebellion and encouraged the court to send Li Daoyuan as the envoy to the customs. On the way, Xiao Baoyu sent someone to kill him, his brother Dao Jun and his two sons. There are other works such as Local Records and Seven Covenants, which have been lost.

Dou Jiande (573-621), a native of Zhang Nan, Qinghe (now northeast of Hebei), was the leader of the peasant uprising army at the end of Sui Dynasty. When I was young, I was chivalrous and loyal. I used to be a leader. In 6 1 1 year, Yang Di invaded Korea and was elected as the leader of 200 people. His family was killed for supporting Sun Anzu's uprising in the same county. Forced to lead 200 conscripts to vote for Gao Jibo's uprising leader Gao Shida. For the division, the army Sima. Zhuo Jun (now Zhuoxian) led more than 10,000 troops against Gao Shida to defend Guo Xuan. Jiande attacked and killed Guo Xuan with 7,000 chosen men. After Gao Shida died in 6 16, he became a leader and called himself a general. He can unite soldiers, share joys and sorrows with soldiers, win the support of farmers, and the team has grown to more than100000. In 6 17, it was called the Changle King in Leshou (now xian county, Hebei). In 6 18, General Xue Shixiong of Sui Youwei led 30,000 troops to crusade against Dou Jiande, and Hejian (now Hejian County, Hebei Province) wiped out Sui Jun in World War I and captured most counties and counties in Hebei Province. In the first year of Wude in Tang Gaozu (6 18), it was called Wang Xia, and its capital was Leshou, which was renamed Wufeng. In 6 19, he attacked Liaocheng (now Liaocheng, Shandong Province) and killed Yu Wenhuaji. Moved the capital to Luozhou (now southeast of Yongnian, Hebei), then selected a large number of Sui bureaucrats, established various systems, and sent envoys to Luoyang to meet Yang Dong, king of Sui and Yue, and made friends with him. In 620, he attacked the king and forced Luo Yang. Handsome, rushed to help, decisive battle in Hulao Pass (now northwest of Xingyang, Henan), defeated, injured and captured. Killed in Chang 'an.

Wei Zhi (580-643) was born in Guantao (now Guantao, Hebei Province), and said that Julu was born in Quyang (now Jinxian County, Hebei Province). Politicians in the early Tang Dynasty. He lost his father when he was young, and his family was poor, but he was ambitious, fond of reading, and once became a monk. At the end of Sui Dynasty, he participated in Shimei's Wagang Army Uprising. Later, Shi Biao returned to the Tang Dynasty and was captured by Dou Jiande, who served as Mr. Scheeren on a daily basis. After Dou Jiande's death, he was loyal to Prince Li and was appointed as Prince Xima. After the change of Xuanwu Gate, Li Shimin acceded to the throne, pleased with his frankness, and advised the doctor. He was bold and made suggestions directly. Chen made more than 200 suggestions before and after, which was highly valued by Taizong and moved Prime Minister Zuo. He once said to Emperor Taizong: "The monarch" listens to everything clearly and is dark. He also often advised Emperor Taizong to take the demise of the Sui Dynasty as a warning, thinking that the monarch was like a ship and the people were like water. "Water can carry a boat and also overturn it." We should "be prepared for danger in times of peace, refrain from extravagance and frugality", "Ren Xian will remonstrate" and "pay less tax than rent". Zhenguan for three years (629), served as secretary supervisor, participated in state affairs, and Zhenguan for seven years (633), served as a servant, and was able to understand the general situation and handle things with a normal heart. He wrote The Preface to Sui Dynasty and A General Introduction to Liang Shu, Chen Shu and Shu Qi, and edited the Anthology. He is an official, Dr. Zuo Guanglu, and he is named Zheng Guogong. After Wei Zhi's death, Emperor Taizong missed him and sighed: "With copper as a mirror, you can dress; Looking at the past as a mirror, we can see the rise and fall; Take people as a mirror, you can know the gains and losses. Wei Zhi died, and I died in the mirror! "Later, he sent someone to the Wei family and got a note, which read:" There are good and evil in the world, good is national security, and evil is harmful to the country. " "Love and know its evil, then know its good, and don't doubt it. Ren Xian can not guess, but you can prosper! " This can be said to be Wei Zhi's last sermon. Wei Zhi's remarks can be found in Zhenguan dignitaries.

Zhao Kuangyin (927-976) was Song Taizu, the founder of the Song Dynasty. Zhuozhou (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province) people. In the latter Zhou Dynasty, all the people in front of the temple were investigated, and Song and Zhou Dynasties were led to the Germans to make our time and control the military power. In 960 AD, Chen Qiao defected and acceded to the throne, with the title of Song. He put down the resistance of local separatist forces, stripped off the military power of imperial generals and buffer regions, strengthened the border defense of northern and western States, sent civil servants to take Beijing out to take office, took charge of local administration, and sent envoys to take charge of local finance, thus strengthening centralization. In the imperial court, there is a deputy minister (participating in politics), a Tang dynasty commander in charge of troops, a third secretary in charge of finance, and a decentralized prime minister's power. During his reign, he built water conservancy projects, encouraged reclamation, rectified canals, rectified the tax system, and strived to increase taxes and strengthen national strength. His political measures played an important role in ending the long-term melee and separatist situation since the Five Dynasties. However, due to the emphasis on literature over martial arts and the preference for internal security, it had an impact on the formation of the situation of "accumulating poverty and accumulating weakness" in the Song Dynasty.

Lv Duan (935— 1000) was a minister of the Northern Song Dynasty. You Zhou Anci (now Hebei) people. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, officials filled the shadow of their fathers. In the Song Dynasty, Chengdu and Cai Zhou became teachers, and they were promoted to bachelor's degree in Council. In the first year of Emperor Taizong's reign (AD 995), Lv Mengzheng became prime minister. Zhao Pu, the founding father of the Northern Song Dynasty, praised him: "I watched Lv Gong's play and enjoyed it, but I didn't like it. I was not afraid when I was frustrated. I am really a tool of Taiwan Province! " Song Taizong wanted an ending, but some people belittled him and said he was "confused". Taizong immediately retorted: "Little things are confused, but big things are not confused." As the prime minister, Lv Duan attaches great importance to understanding the overall situation and serves simplicity. In court discussions, Lv Duan often foresaw at critical moments and was praised by Emperor Taizong. After the death of Emperor Taizong, Wang Jien, the chamberlain, colluded with Li Changling and other conspirators to depose the Prince and set up a new dynasty. Lv Duan realized this in time, and was not afraid to refute the Queen to her face, insisting on serving the real sect as the throne. True Li Zong, hanging a curtain, introduced his ministers. Lv Duan did not worship, and asked to be confined to the temple for inspection. When I saw that it was the true Sect, I lowered my rank and bowed to my ministers. Therefore, it is highly respected by the true Sect.

Guo Shoujing (1231-1316) was an astronomer, hydraulic scientist and mathematician in the Yuan Dynasty. Thoughtful in speech. Shunde Xingtai (now Xingtai, Hebei) people. Young students learn astronomy and geography from Liu Xue. In the third year after reunification, Zhang Wenqian recommended him to study water conservancy. He was original. Kublai Khan summoned Yuan Shizu, Guo Shoujing, Chen Shuili and other six things. He used to be the capital's water administration, but also transferred the water transport of Tonghui River and built many canals. He also participated in the compilation of Chronological Calendar, which is the longest calendar in the history of China. Guo Shoujing emphasized the scientific nature of astronomical observation and the importance of instruments, saying: "The basis of calendar is detection; The instrument tested is not an instrument first. " And created and improved a variety of observation instruments, such as simple instrument, overhead observation instrument, altimeter, climatology instrument, landscape instrument, peeping instrument, etc., and set up 27 observation stations (namely observation stations) throughout the country to carry out large-scale geodetic work, re-observed the positions of 28 constellations and other constant stars, and determined the intersection angle between the yellow and the red, which achieved high accuracy. His scientific achievements were various, and he became a famous great inventor and scientist at that time. His works include Push Step, Li Cheng and Yi Lee Draft.

Guan Hanqing is the founder of Yuan Zaju and a great realistic writer. The number has been lent. Born in the late Jin Dynasty and died in the Song Dynasty (1279). Anguo (now Hebei) people, speaking of most people. Writers have lived among the oppressed people for a long time, are familiar with their lives, sympathize with their sufferings, reflect their sufferings with operas and praise their intelligence. He was closely related to the famous dramatists, Fei and Liang at that time, and had close contacts with the famous female artist Zhu. He wrote more than 60 kinds of zaju in his life, including Yuan, Saving the Wind and Dust, Moon Worship Pavilion and Wangjiang Pavilion 13 kinds. In her creation, she created many typical female images, such as Zhao, Wang Ruilan and Tan Jier. These images have been passed down to this day and are immortal. The tragedy Dou Eyuan and the comedy Save the Wind and Dust set each other off, showing the writer's ideological depth and artistic achievements. /kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, Dou E Yuan was translated into French. This writer is not only a master of drama in China, but also a world cultural celebrity. In addition, there are more than 50 sets of Sanqu 10 and poems.

Cao Xueqin (-1763), a great litterateur in Qing Dynasty, was named Meng Ruan, who was as famous as Qin Xue, Qin Pu and Qin Xi. His ancestors were originally Han Chinese, and later joined the flag, and he was a "coating" person of Zhengbai Banner in Manchuria. My ancestral home is Feng Run, Hebei. Since my great-grandfather, three generations of Jiangning weaving. In the fifth year of Yongzheng, under the influence of internal political struggle in the ruling stage, his father was dismissed, his industry was copied, Cao's family moved to Beijing, and his wealth declined. Cao Xueqin lived in the western suburbs of Beijing in his later years, suffering from poverty and illness. Cao Xueqin's grandfather Cao Yin is a famous bibliophile. He presided over the publication of all Tang poems, and he can write poems and operas himself. Cao Xueqin's profound cultural accomplishment and outstanding artistic talent are closely related to the influence of his family. Based on his personal life experience, he spent ten years creating a great realistic work A Dream of Red Mansions, which wrote a brilliant chapter for China's classical literature. This book is 120 times. The last forty chapters are said to be continued by Gao E.

Xunzi (about 3 13- 238 BC), a famous thinker of Zhao State (now around Handan), was a representative of Confucianism after Confucius. His thoughts were embodied in Xunzi, which had a wide and far-reaching influence on China's feudal society for more than two thousand years.

Ximen Bao (? -? During the Warring States Period, Wei was a famous atheist. During his tenure in Qiu County (north of Linzhang County), he broke the local superstition of "Hebo marries women", dug 12 irrigation canals, improved soil and developed agricultural production.

Le Yi (? -? ) Zhao Lingshou (now northwest of Lingshou County) was a famous military general of Yan State in the middle of the Warring States Period. In 284 BC, he commanded the allied forces of Yan and other five countries to attack Qi, attacking more than 70 cities in succession, creating a famous war example of defeating the strong with the weak in China's ancient war history. His operational guidance strategy and political thought had an important influence on that time and later generations.