Figure 1 ornamental fish
Cultivation technology of ornamental fish 1;
water
1, water source
(1) Tap water: Tap water is domestic water used in our daily life, and its source is convenient and easy to obtain. After certain technical treatment, it is a good feeding water for freshwater ornamental fish. Tap water is a sterilized water source, which contains too much chloride ions and cannot be directly used for fish farming. Generally, the method of cooling and drying is adopted. Tap water is placed in the open air in a ventilated place. With the help of air circulation and sunlight, residual chlorine in water volatilizes and dissolved oxygen in water increases. The cooling time is more than 24 hours in summer, more than 48 hours in spring and autumn, and longer in winter. In addition, chemical treatment can also be used, that is, sodium thiosulfate is used to neutralize chlorine in water. Generally, it takes 2-3 grams per cubic meter of water or 5-6 tablets per 10/0 liter of water. When baking soda is used excessively or the weather is hot, the water quality is often turbid and deteriorated, so special attention should be paid.
(2) Well water: Well water is groundwater with hard water quality and constant water temperature. Well water should be exposed to the sun for more than 12 hours before use, so as to balance the water temperature with the surface water temperature and increase the dissolved oxygen in the water.
(3) River water: soft but turbid natural water. Before use, the sediment should be purified in the reservoir or filtered before use. This river contains many natural baits, which can make the colors of ornamental fish more natural and bright.
2. Water quality maintenance
Goldfish and koi fish have clear water, green water, old green water, clear water and brown water in the open air, but in the aquarium, the water quality is clear all the year round because of the use of circulating filtration equipment.
(1) Clear water: Clear water refers to a colorless, odorless and transparent water source. There is enough dissolved oxygen in the water and very little plankton, which can effectively improve the appetite of fish and promote their growth and development.
(2) Green water: Green water contains many green algae, such as Chlorella, Bacillariophyta, Phaeocystis europaea, etc., which are all auxiliary feeds for goldfish or koi fish. The water quality of green water is stable, which can promote the bright color of fish, keep warm and provide bait. It is the best water source for the healthy development of fish.
(3) Old green water: it developed from green water, and a large number of algae died in the water, and the color of water changed from bright green to light green. Because there are a lot of dead algae at the bottom of the pool, the water quality may deteriorate day by day. Old green water is mostly used in winter. Due to the low water temperature in winter, algae grow slowly and the water quality can be maintained for a long time.
(4) clarified water: clarified water is converted from clear water or light green water, with extremely soft water quality and high transparency. The growth and consumption rate of algae in water has reached a dynamic balance, and the water quality is stable and clear, which is a good water source for the growth and development of ornamental fish.
(5) Brown water: Diatoms in water multiply in large quantities, which reduces beneficial algae and reduces the stability of water quality, and should be replaced in time.
Figure 2 Ornamental fish
Ornamental fish culture technology II:
Fish feed
1, animal bait
(1) Daphnia: commonly known as fish worms. It is necessary to move about the details and make a scene at night. 100, and the body colors are brown, reddish brown, gray and green. Fish and insects have seasonal growth, including summer insects and winter insects. Summer insects proliferated in large numbers around Tomb-Sweeping Day, with blood-red body color, large individuals, large numbers and high nutritional value. Most of them live in flowing rivers. Cordyceps sinensis is small in number, blue-gray in color and low in nutritional value. Most of them live in calm ponds or lakes. Fish worms are the main bait for freshwater ornamental fish, while goldfish and tropical fish eat inferior food all their lives.
(2) Water earthworm: also known as red silk worm and red nematode, it belongs to aquatic oligochaeta in annelids, and its body color is bright red or bluish gray. Most of them live in the mud on the shore or at the bottom of the river, and the surface of the mud is dense. One end is fixed in the sludge, and the other end produces sludge that vibrates in the water. When it is disturbed, it will immediately shrink back into the sludge. Earthworms have extremely high nutritional value, so they should be washed repeatedly with clear water before feeding. It is the favorite bait for goldfish and koi fish, and also the main bait for eel fry. After the low tide of Huangpu River in Shanghai, a large number of water worms were born in the mud on the shore, and a large number of people came to fish in spring and autumn every year.
2. Plant bait
(1) Wuping: commonly known as rootless duckweed and ladybug, it is a perennial floating plant that lives in still water ponds or rivers. According to relevant information, Wupinggan contains 45% protein, vitamins and trace element cobalt, which is an auxiliary bait for freshwater ornamental fish. When fish and insects are scarce every year, Wuping is often used as a substitute bait.
(2) Chlorella: Chlorella is bright green in color, and its individual resembles millet in the north, and its particles are small in size. Containing high protein, fat, vitamins and trace elements, it is a good green feed for goldfish. If mixed with animal feed, it can effectively promote the rapid growth of fish. Chlorella mostly lives in still water ponds or rivers, and they mostly grow together in Wuping. It is rare to grow Chlorella only in natural waters.
(3) Planktonic algae: There are many kinds of phytoplankton, including Chrysophyta, Xanthomonas, dinoflagellate, diatom, gymnosperms, green algae and cyanobacteria. Some of them are auxiliary feed for ornamental fish. According to relevant data, fry can be fed with green water or blue water containing algae, and the effect is also very good.
3. Artificial pellet feed
In view of the seasonal and quantitative instability of fish natural bait which restricts the normal survival and development of fish, processed fish bait came into being. According to the variety, size and growth needs of fish at different stages, they rationally arrange the formula of nutritional components, adopt mechanized production lines, process, shape and dry in one stop, and produce a variety of granular feeds with comprehensive nutrition, which can completely replace natural bait. At present, the common raw materials of artificial pellet feed are fish meal, egg pupa powder, barley powder, bran, yeast powder, vitamins, green feed and so on. They are mixed in a certain proportion and processed into granular feeds of various sizes. Artificial pellet feed is an auxiliary bait for goldfish, the best substitute for natural bait in shortage, and the main bait for red crucian carp and koi fish.
Figure 3 Ornamental fish
Ornamental fish culture technology 3:
Feeding and management
The management of goldfish and koi fish is a multi-technology comprehensive project, including feeding, changing water and daily observation. In the juvenile, adult, parent and old age, the requirements are different; There are also different management points throughout the year.
1, feeding equipment
(1) Traditional feeding containers: The traditional feeding containers for goldfish include yellow sand jars, clay jars, pottery jars, porcelain jars and wooden pots. The yellow sand jar has a big mouth and a sharp bottom, and its appearance is simple and unprinted. Fired with clay, the process is simple, and it is more common in rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River. The yellow sand tank can be semi-buried underground, accepting ground temperature, and the hole wall has good permeability. Mud mouth is more common in Beijing and Tianjin, with flat drum shape, the bottom of the cylinder is equal to the mouth of the cylinder, the outer wall is patterned, and the cylinder wall is smooth and transparent, which is suitable for raising cashmere balls, facing dragons and butterfly tails. Pottery pots are made of clay, with a large mouth, thick walls, patterns on the outer wall and a thin glaze layer on the inner wall. They are also often used to raise fish. Porcelain pots are exquisitely made, with dragon and animal patterns on the outer wall, bright glaze, thick inner wall, smooth and delicate, and slightly poor air permeability. This is a good decorative container. The wooden basin, named Muhai, is about 0.7- 1.5m in diameter and 0.3-0.5m in height. It is unpainted, breathable, easy to attach moss to the inner wall, and the water quality is clear. Wooden pots are common containers among ancient people and can still be seen in Beijing at present.
(2) Cement pond: The cement pond is made of brick or concrete, and the wall and bottom of the pond are leveled with yellow sand cement, with any size. At present, the common pool areas are10m2,16m2, 25m2, etc. It is the main container for goldfish and fish farms in koi fish.
(3) Aquarium: Aquarium is made of glass and bonded with engineering silica gel, which is a common feeding container for family feeding at present. It is clear and transparent, and you can see every move, smile and frown of the fish. The equipment needed for aquarium fish culture includes: oxygen pump, circulating filter in aquarium, heating pipe, fishing net, etc. There is also an oval fish tank in the family feeding container, which is blown by specially treated glass. Small and exquisite, it can be placed on the coffee table or desk for easy movement. There are a few bundles of water plants or pebbles in it, and the viewing effect is good.
Step 2 feed
(1) Hunting habit: Goldfish is a kind of temperature-changing animal, and all its activities are closely related to the change of water temperature. Most activities of goldfish are searching for bait and foraging in the water. They live in peace and have no habit of occupying territory. In the goldfish farm, at dawn, ordinary goldfish feed along the edge of the pool. When breeders approach, they will swim forward in unison, commonly known as begging. At this time, they put in the bait, and they immediately rushed to grab the bait. When the water temperature is above 65438 05℃, the goldfish's foraging activity is more active. When the water temperature is above 30℃, goldfish will stop foraging. When the water temperature is lower than 5℃, the foraging activity of goldfish is obviously reduced. When the water temperature is 18-25℃, goldfish has the strongest appetite and the fastest growth and development.
(2) Feeding points: The water temperature in spring and autumn is about 15-25 degrees Celsius, which is the season when goldfish have the strongest appetite in a year. At this time, the amount of bait is large, so you should feed the fish as much as possible. For example, after the first bait, goldfish still have bait-seeking activities, which can be used as the second bait. In midsummer, the water temperature is mostly around 25-30 degrees, sometimes exceeding 30 degrees. At this time, the goldfish's appetite is weakened, and the amount of bait should be reduced. As long as you keep the goldfish 70% to 80% full, the baiting time should be advanced to about 7-8 am, so as to finish baiting before the water temperature rises. In winter, the water temperature is mostly below 7 degrees, and goldfish have less foraging activities and less food intake. Feeding time is generally selected when the light is strong at noon, and feeding can also be stopped when the water temperature is 1-2 degrees.
(3) Feeding principle: The annual goldfish eats about the same amount as its head size; The two-year-old goldfish eats about half the size of its head; Goldfish over three years old eat about one-third the size of their heads. Family ornamental fish can be fed once a day, and the feeding amount is about 70-80% full. In the production of ornamental fish, the water temperature is suitable in spring and autumn, and enough bait should be kept. Just change the fresh water, and feed less a day or two ago. When the water turns green, feed it quantitatively to make the goldfish full. During the breeding season, the feeding amount of goldfish decreased 1/2- 1/3 compared with the normal feeding amount. For sickly fish, the feeding amount is reduced by 2/3 compared with the normal amount. Fish that need long-distance transportation should be replaced with fresh water, and the bait should be stopped for 1-3 days.
Use water
(1) Water change method: There are only two ways to change water for ornamental fish, partial water change and total water change. Part of the water became water. In an open-air fish pond, releasing old water through 1/3- 1/2 and then directly replenishing new water can stimulate the appetite of fish and partially improve the water quality. This is a way to maintain the water quality of ornamental fish. Household aquarium can suck out the dirt at the bottom of the tank with soft plastic pipe, and the amount of water sucked out is equivalent to 1/3- 1/2 of the original water, and then slowly inject new water with the same temperature and quantity with soft plastic pipe. When all the water is changed, 2/3 of the old water can be released, and then the fish can be fished up with a net and replaced with new water at the same temperature. When all the water in the aquarium is replaced by domestic use, all the equipment in the aquarium should be powered off first. After the old water is discharged, the glass jar can be wiped with a soft cloth or dipped in low-concentration potassium permanganate. When changing water for ornamental fish, the water temperature should be kept in balance between old and new, and the temperature difference should be controlled at 1-2 degrees Celsius.
(2) Water exchange principle: The water quality stability time of ornamental fish is closely related to the water temperature. In spring and autumn, the water temperature is suitable, the water color is bright green, the algae in the water grow moderately, and the water quality has a long shelf life. At this time, water is often added, usually once every 2-3 days, and the total water change time is about 15 days. In midsummer, the water temperature is high and algae grow vigorously. Generally, the water turns green in about 3 days. Green water in midsummer can easily cause goldfish to burn their tails. Therefore, most goldfish feed water is completely changed, and the water change time is 3-5 days. In winter, the water temperature is low, the algae in the water grow slowly, and the water turns green for a long time. At this time, water is often used. The total water exchange time is about 1-2 months. During the total water exchange time, some green water is mixed into new water to maintain the stability of water quality. Goldfish are raised at home, and all aquariums are equipped with water quality circulating filters, which are usually opened for 5-6 hours every day to keep the water quality clear forever. In the season when the water temperature is suitable, you can also use the method of mixing water, which can not only keep the water quality stable and fresh, but also stimulate the appetite of fish.
4. Carrying capacity
(1) stocking density of commercial fish: The growth speed and size of goldfish are not only related to water quality and bait, but also related to the number of fish raised per unit area. The lower the stocking density, the better the goldfish development and the most perfect morphological curve. The higher the stocking density, the smaller the goldfish, the smaller the body shape, malnutrition, reduced aesthetic appearance and ornamental value.
5. Key points of feeding in four seasons
(1) Spring: The temperature is suitable in spring, which is the breeding season for goldfish and koi fish. Goldfish breeding mainly focuses on the spawning of parent fish and the care of young fish. When the water temperature is 18-22 degrees Celsius, the parent fish will chase each other. Generally, in the afternoon or evening, the parent fish will change into new water and spawn at dawn the next day. Goldfish should be kept in green water before labor, and the sexual activity of parent fish should be controlled by the stability of water color and water quality. After spawning, the parent fish should be raised in light green water, or mixed with some green water to maintain the normal development of the gonad of the parent fish. Generally, the second spawning can be carried out after 7- 10 days. Parent fish should be fed live bait as much as possible when breeding. In the south of the Yangtze River, the rainy season is around June every year. At this time, it rained continuously, and all kinds of harmful bacteria and parasites proliferated. This is the season for goldfish. Both parent fish and juvenile fish should be raised in green water, so as to reduce the number of water changes, maintain the stability of water quality, minimize stimulation and reduce the dosage of bait, especially in low-pressure and stuffy days. In case of sick goldfish, it should be isolated in time and prevented with drugs in advance.
(2) Summer: In summer, the temperature is high, the water temperature is above 25 degrees Celsius, harmful bacteria and parasites in the water are obviously reduced, and goldfish rarely get sick. Because the water temperature is too high, the algae in the water increase obviously, the time for the water to turn green accelerates, and the dissolved oxygen in the water decreases. At this time, the focus of feeding work is to prevent goldfish from heatstroke and hypoxia. Around noon, 2/3 of the pond should be covered with sunshade net or reed curtain, which can prevent the water temperature from rising too fast and provide a summer shelter for fish. Strengthening observation at night, especially around 3-5 o'clock in the middle of the night, is the time when fish are most prone to hypoxia. When the fish pond is seriously short of oxygen, it is necessary to replenish water or change water in time. If there is oxygen filling equipment, it should be turned on in time after night. During the day, if you find fish with green water or hot tails, you should change the water in time. Koi fish, which is reared in the open air, should pay more attention to changing water in time and turning on the oxygen-increasing equipment at night.
(3) Autumn: The water temperature is suitable in autumn, and the young fish produced in spring have reached the adult stage. At this time, it is necessary to focus on strengthening feeding to keep the ornamental fish fat, so fattening is the focus of autumn feeding. When the water temperature is 18-22 degrees, it is the time for harmful bacteria to breed in the water, so observation and drug prevention should be strengthened to avoid a large number of diseases and deaths of ornamental fish. Because there are few rainy days in autumn, the incidence of ornamental fish is light, but because the water temperature is suitable, autumn is the season with more incidence of ornamental fish. As long as it is actively prevented, it can generally be safely spent.
(4) Winter: In winter, the temperature is low, the water temperature is mostly below 10 degrees, and the incidence of ornamental fish is low. At this time, it is difficult to increase the body length of fish, but the obesity of fish can be increased, and ornamental fish has developed and formed. This is the busiest season for the sale of ornamental fish. This is the focus of breeding, keeping the water quality stable and keeping the ornamental fish healthy. When the water temperature is low, the goldfish should be moved indoors or in the greenhouse for the winter, or the water level in the fish pond should be deepened to 40-50 cm to avoid frostbite. In the north, because the temperature is often below 0 degrees, ornamental fish must be moved indoors or in greenhouses for the winter. Goldfish overwinter indoors in the north, and it is best to control the room temperature above 7 degrees so that goldfish can find bait, and feeding can be carried out every other day or three days. If the water temperature is raised to 18-22 degrees, goldfish can breed in the greenhouse in advance.
6. Daily observation
(1) Observation content: Daily observation of ornamental fish is very important. It can find sick individuals or fish in the early stage of illness in time, and its observation parts mainly include body surface, gills, eyes, mouth, fins, etc. These parts are easy to get sick. Normal goldfish, the body surface is bright and clean, ups and downs freely, appetite is strong, abdomen is straight, tail fin is stretched. The sick individual swims alone, looks dull, does not eat after eating, has dim body color and more mucus on the body surface. If you carefully observe the body surface, there will be white spots or cotton-wool hyphae or bloodshot and red skin. The onset of fish ponds, fish gathering in the corner of the tank or crowded together are all precursors of the onset.
Normal goldfish, bright red gills, gill cover open freely. In sick individuals, the gill filaments are dim and white, or rotten or have flocculent hyphae attached, the gill cover is unable to open, and the pool edge or corner is sluggish. The fins of healthy goldfish are well developed and can stretch freely, while the fins of sick goldfish are prone and unable to stretch, and there are white spots or congestion on the fins. If there are bubbles on the fin, it belongs to hot tail, and it will disappear as long as it is replaced with new water. Goldfish have sarcomas, which are bright and plump, and sick individuals, which are atrophied, dull, or show signs of decay.
Normal goldfish, eyes bright, sparkling, eyes moving freely, intense. The diseased goldfish have dim eyes and white films or flocculent hyphae. Healthy goldfish mouth has flexible joints and is free to look for bait. The mouth joint of the sick individual is disordered, and it is red, swollen or rotten.
Normal goldfish have a big appetite and often feed at the bottom of the water or by the pool. Sick individuals, dark corners, don't eat bait. Normal goldfish, the feces are strip-shaped and the color is gray-black. In sick individuals, feces are irregular, milky white or frothy. The water color of goldfish, clear water or green water is more suitable for fish growth, and the water color is white or brown, which should be replaced in time.
(2) Observation time: The time for observing goldfish is often adjusted due to the change of external temperature. Spring is mostly concentrated at dawn. Observe the floating head and dissolved oxygen content of goldfish, and determine the feeding amount and water quality treatment of the day. It is hot in summer, and the observation time is mostly concentrated from midnight to dawn, mainly to observe the floating head of goldfish, inject water or change water in time, or turn on oxygen-increasing equipment. The observation time in winter is mostly concentrated at noon. When feeding, we mainly observe the foraging activities of goldfish and find the sick fish that are not fed in time. At noon, we mainly observe the rest state of goldfish, whether there is hot tail phenomenon or not, and whether there is bait left. In the evening, we mainly observe the change of water color, whether the water quality is getting worse and whether the goldfish floats, so as to predict whether the goldfish will float in the middle of the night without oxygen. The observation time of goldfish is very important.
Figure 4 Ornamental fish
Ornamental fish culture technology 4:
Set the scene
1, temperate aquatic plants
(1) Haematococcus: Submerged aquatic plants distributed in East China, South China and Northeast China. Its stem is two meters long and its leaves are 4-8 in rotation. You can pick some branches and leaves for decoration.
(2) Ceratophyllum: a perennial submerged aquatic plant with yellow-green color and lush foliage. It grows mostly in natural lakes and rivers, has strong vitality, and can withstand the low temperature of 4 degrees. It is an ideal nesting place for goldfish and can also be used as a nesting place for viviparous fish in tropical fish.
(3) Myriophyllum: The grass has thick stems and dense leaves, like a fox's tail. Its stems are divided into red and green. Myriophyllum rubrum has strong vitality, which is an ideal nesting place for goldfish and an ideal landscape material for aquarium.
(4) Erigeron breviscapus: a perennial aquatic plant, whose leaves float on the water, are oval or wide oval, smooth, densely hairy on the back, and deep heart-shaped at the base, and are mostly distributed in rivers in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
(5) Oenanthe javanica: a perennial aquatic plant with triangular leaves, irregular rounded teeth at the leaf margin and long petioles similar to celery leaves. )mih)
(6) POTAMOGETON kwangtungensis: a perennial submerged aquatic weed with stout roots, two meters long stems, impeller-shaped leaves, oblong needles and spikes, distributed in rivers in the east and south of China.
(7) Water shield (water sunflower): perennial submerged aquatic weed, with oval leaves and dark green, floating on the water surface, gelatinous transparent substance on the back, and small dark red flowers, which are mostly distributed in rivers in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
(8) Lotus: also known as lotus and lotus. At first, the rhizome was as thin as a finger and was called lotus root. It has a section of regenerated lotus root. At the end of summer and autumn, the root tip of lotus root was buried and expanded into lotus root, which can be used to germinate new plants in the next spring. Its flowers are reddish or white, and when the flowers wither, they form a lotus with countless nuts, commonly known as lotus seeds, which are more common in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
(9) Water lily: also known as Meridian Lotus. Leaves floating on the water, like horseshoes, have long handles. White flowers bloom in autumn, open in the afternoon and close at night, which can last for 3-4 days and are widely planted in tourist attractions.
2. Be careful of stones
(1) Axe splitting stone: It belongs to natural stone, and many landscapes can be formed after carving. Its colors are cyan black, brownish yellow, snowflake color, multicolored, etc. Among them, colored stone is the best, and it is often carved into compact undulating peaks in aquarium.
(2) Crystal stone: it has a smooth surface, clear patterns and a transparent milky white color, and is a popular landscaping material in the aquarium.
(3) Pumice: also known as gravel and water-absorbing stone. Soft texture, strong water absorption, the surface is covered with honeycomb-shaped natural caves, which can float in the water and have good landscaping effect.
(4) Taihu stone: commonly known as lake stone, it is produced in Taihu area of Jiangsu Province, and its stone is hard. The surface is smooth, changeable and grotesque, and it is light gray when washed. The natural beauty of Taihu stone. As long as the layout is reasonable, it is better than the natural scenery and has a good beautification effect. This is a common landscape material.
(5) Pebble: It is formed by natural rocks washed by water all the year round in the river bed. The surface is smooth and shiny, as big as a millstone and as small as a sparrow's egg. The colors are red, purple, yellow, black, white, gray and ochre. Natural pebbles in China, especially the yuhua stone produced in Nanjing, are the most precious, and their grain color and pattern are unique.
(6) Coral: There are many kinds of corals with different shapes. It is formed by wind, rain and sun after the living coral leaves the water. It is a good landscape material and also a kind of water purification filter material. Coral is formed by the reproduction and growth of coral polyps.
(7) Conch: It is a kind of shellfish that grows in coral reefs in the ocean. It often appears on the banks of coastal river beds. Because of its beautiful patterns, it can also be used as a landscape material for aquariums.
(8) Australian red snail: native to Australia, it is a famous ornamental snail with a small size and bright red shell, and likes to crawl on aquatic plants or tank walls.
Figure 5 Ornamental fish
3. Enjoy the fish
(1) Ornamental standard: A top goldfish must meet the aesthetic requirements in terms of shape, color and appearance. Goldfish is short and round, symmetrical left and right, full abdomen, obvious species characteristics, neat scales and no defects, pure white and transparent tail fin, and four open tails. Goldfish have a variety of body colors, and monochromatic fish require pure and flawless colors, such as red as flame and black as lacquer ink; Two-color fish color blocks are mixed but not chaotic; Five-flowered goldfish requires that the background color of the body surface is blue or red, and other colors are symmetrical. Goldfish have correct shapes and bright colors. When swimming, its posture is gentle and elegant, as elegant as dancing, and it will not twist to one side. When resting, its body is balanced, and it cannot be hung upside down or sideways. This is the dynamic beauty and static beauty of goldfish.
(2) Advantages and disadvantages of goldfish varieties: The more obvious the characteristics of goldfish varieties, the more valuable individuals are. Tianzhu goldfish is a traditional variety of goldfish in China, which requires eyeball enlargement, eye socket protrusion, uniform eye size and left-right symmetry. Individuals with abacus beads on their eyeballs are the best, and their varieties are red, black, five flowers, purple and blue according to different body colors. Egg goldfish requires a smooth back, no residual fins and no scars, especially streamlined back and comb back. Lionhead goldfish requires that the head sarcoma be plump and thick, covering both cheeks. Soft goldfish requires slender stems, dense and round spheres, and a good pair of left and right. If there are single balls, three balls or small balls, they can't be called good products. Bubble goldfish requires two bubbles to be symmetrical, big, soft and translucent. Looking at the sky, goldfish requires that the eyeball be large and symmetrical, and the eyeball is turned up 90 degrees and located on a horizontal line. If their eyes are tilted forward or left and right, they are not allowed to be selected. Pearl scale goldfish requires a large belly and a round tail, complete scales, clear and full lines and neat rows.
The tail fin of goldfish requires four big tails. The pectoral fin, ventral fin and gluteal fin should be symmetrical left and right, and the dorsal fin should be as high as a sail. The tail fin of cultured goldfish should be long, and the tail fin of egg goldfish should be short. The tail fin of goldfish should be thin and transparent, like a cicada. Butterfly-tailed goldfish require the tail fin edge to be crisp and slightly bent forward. The whole caudal fin is like an open sector, flying high, and the length of caudal fin accounts for 2/3 of the body length.
The color of goldfish, red fish should be as red as fire from beginning to end. The snakehead is required to be black and shiny and never fade. Purple fish requires deep purple color and stable body color. Five-flowered goldfish requires blue as the bottom and five flowers like brocade. He Dinghong asked that the whole body be silvery white, the sarcoma on the top of his head be straight and bright red as pomegranate in May. The top of the jade seal requires the whole body to be bright red, and the sarcoma on the top of the head is as white as jade.
Editor's summary: The above is the most comprehensive introduction to the cultivation method of ornamental fish and the whole picture of ornamental fish. I hope it will help you. As long as you follow the above methods, I believe your fish must be beautiful and healthy.