Many of the most important inventions in the history of human industry, including cotton gin, general parts, production line, etc. , originated in the United States, in which industrial production lines are particularly important, making industrial mass production from a dream to a reality. Other important inventions include airplanes, light bulbs and telephones.
The United States planned the Manhattan Atomic Bomb Project, the Apollo Moon Landing Project and the Human Genome Project in the 20th century. During the Second World War, the United States first developed the atomic bomb, which brought human science and technology into a new era of the atomic age. After the Cold War began, the United States succeeded in space science and technology, and took the lead in the space race, which led to great progress in rocket technology, weapons research, materials science and computers. The United States has made great contributions in the history of computer and network development, including the computer invented in World War II, the early militarized application, and the development and innovation of personal computers. ARPA network established by US Department of Defense is a pioneer of network technology.
American scholars have won many Nobel Prizes in scientific research, especially in the fields of biology and medicine. The National Health Research Center of the United States is the focus of American biomedicine, and has completed the human genome project, which has made the research on the cure of cancer, Alzheimer's disease and other diseases enter an important stage. The government agency responsible for aerospace research is NASA. Private companies such as Boeing and Lockheed Martin also played an important role. The National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the National Medical College and the National Foundation for Nature are the top four academic institutions in the American scientific community. In addition to the natural science foundation, the other three institutes were awarded the title of academician respectively.
In the United States, education management is the responsibility of the state or local government, not the federal government. However, the Federal Ministry of Education can exert a certain degree of influence by controlling education funds. According to the data released by the U.S. Department of Education, in 2008, the total expenditure on education at all levels in the United States was about/kloc-0.093 billion dollars, accounting for 7.6% of GDP in that year. Among them, 60.5% is used for basic education in primary and secondary schools and 39.5% for higher education and related scientific research projects.
Students have the legal obligation to receive education from kindergarten to 12 grade in public schools: five years in primary school, three years in junior high school and four years in senior high school, which are divided into public and private schools, most of which are public schools, and a free and compulsory education system is implemented. Primary and secondary schools generally provide lunch free of charge or half fee, and students are picked up by school bus.
In America, 16- 18 years old must go to school. Many states require you to study until you are 18 years old. Some states only stipulate that you must study until you are 14 years old. Students can attend public schools, private schools or home schools. In most public and private schools, education is divided into three levels: primary school, junior high school and senior high school.
In the United States, after graduating from high school at the age of 65,438+08, students can enter colleges and universities without passing the college entrance examination, and students with excellent grades can have priority to study in good universities.
There are many universities in America. Since the Puritans who immigrated to the United States founded Harvard University, the first university in the United States, American higher education has inherited the traditions of ancient European universities such as Cambridge University and Oxford University. As of 20 14, there are 26 15 four-year universities offering bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees. There are as many as 3400 two-year community colleges.
The education level of the United States ranks first in the world in the United Nations economic index survey, and many universities in the United States are very competitive, including Stanford University, Yale University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Columbia University and so on. Among the top 500 universities in the world, the United States accounts for 168, and among the top 20 universities, the United States accounts for 17.