The content of ancient prose is very comprehensive, so I suggest buying one. Essential bibliography for home travel.

I have arranged all the translations for you, but I'm afraid there are too many words. Then I'll give you the title and you search for it yourself.

First, Zheng Boke's position is in Yan.

Once upon a time, I married my daughter named Wujiang, and she gave birth to Zhuang Gong and Duan Shu. When Zhuang Gong was in dystocia, Wujiang was frightened, so he named him "Sheng Mao" and hated him from then on. Wujiang prefers Duan * * * and wants Duan * * to be a prince. He asked Wu Gong many times, but Wu Gong refused.

When Zhuang Gong acceded to the throne, Wujiang sought audience with his uncle Duan * * * to make a city. Duke Zhuang said, "Governing a city is dangerous. Uncle Bi used to die there. If it is sealed to other cities, I can do what I say. " Wujiang asked for an uncle, and Zhuang Gong agreed to let him live there, calling him Uncle Jing.

The doctor Jizhong said, "If the village is more than 300 abbots long, it will be a national disaster. According to the former king's system, the largest city in the country should not exceed one third of the capital, the medium-sized city should not exceed one fifth and the small city should not exceed one ninth. Now, the wall of Jingyi is illegal and does not conform to the legal system, and you can't control it. " Zhuang Gong said, "This is Jiang's wish. How can I avoid this scourge? " Ji Zhong replied, "When will Jiang's family be satisfied? It is better to deal with it as soon as possible, and don't let the curse grow and spread. Once it grows and spreads, it will be difficult. It's hard to get rid of the spreading weeds, let alone your beloved brother? " Duke Zhuang said, "If you do more injustice, you will die. Just wait. "

Soon, Duan secretly controlled the border towns in the west and north of Zheng. Zi Lu said, "One country cannot tolerate the rule of two monarchs. What are you going to do now? " If you want to give Zheng to your uncle, then I ask to serve him; If not, please get rid of him, and don't let the people have doubts. Zhuang Gong said, "Don't worry about him, he will suffer himself." . "

Uncle turned the two places into his own ruling land and extended them to Yan Yan. Zifeng said, "You can act! When the land is expanded, he will get more support. " Duke Zhuang said, "The monarch and the minister are unjust, and the brothers are not close. Although the land has expanded, it will eventually collapse."

* * * Uncle Duan trimmed the battlements, gathered the people, prepared enough food, repaired armor and weapons, prepared infantry and chariots, and prepared to attack Zheng Guodu. Wujiang wants to be the inside man for Duan Shu to open the door. Knowing the date of Duan Shu's sneak attack on Zheng, Duke Zhuang said, "You can attack!" So he ordered Zifeng to lead two hundred chariots to crusade against Jingyi. Jingyi's people betrayed Duan Shu, who fled to Yancheng. Zhuanggong chased Yancheng again to punish him. On May 23rd, Uncle * * * fled to the country of * * *.

"Spring and Autumn Annals" records: "Zheng Boke is in Yan." It means Duan Shu doesn't keep his duty as a younger brother, so he doesn't say he is a younger brother. The two brothers fight like two kings, so they use the word "gram"; Calling Zhuanggong "Zheng Bo" (meaning Big Brother) is a mockery of his failure to teach his younger brother well. Get rid of * * * uncle section is out of Zheng Zhuanggong's original intention, don't write * * * uncle section automatically run away, implied blame Zheng Bo forcibly get rid of * * * uncle section.

Duke Zhuang placed the military commander in the city and vowed: "Never meet again until you reach the grave (buried in the ground after death)!" After a while, Zhuang Gong regretted it. There is a man named Uncle Ying Kao, who is an official in charge of the border between Britain and Gu. Hearing this, he specially presented a tribute to Zheng Zhuanggong. Duke Zhuang gave him food. Uncle yingkao kept the meat while eating. Zhuang Gong asked him why. Uncle Yingkao replied, "I have a mother. She has eaten everything I eat except the king's broth. Please let me take it back to her. " Zhuang Gong said, "You have an old lady to honor, but unfortunately, I don't!" Uncle yingkao said, "why do you say that?" Zhuang Gong told him the reason and uncle Ying how he regretted it. Uncle Yingkao replied, "What are you worried about? As long as you dig the ground to dig out the spring water and dig a tunnel to meet there, who can say that you have violated the oath (not in line with the oath)? " Zhuang Gong obeyed his words. Duke Zhuang entered the tunnel to meet the generals and wrote a poem: "How happy we are to meet in the big tunnel!" Wujiang walked out of the tunnel and wrote a poem: "How comfortable and happy it is to meet you outside the big tunnel!" Therefore, as mother and son, Jiang and Zhuang Gong are still the same as before (that is, the relationship between mother and son has been restored).

The gentleman said, "Uncle Ying Kao is a true dutiful son. He not only filial to his mother, but also extended this filial piety to Zheng Bo. " The Book of Songs Drunkenness says:' A dutiful son is always filial and often influences his peers.' Probably for a dutiful son like Uncle Ying Kao? "

Second, the Cao Gui debate.

In the spring of the tenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu (684 BC), the Qi army attacked the state of Lu in China, and Duke Zhuang of Lu wanted to fight. Cao Gui asked to visit (Duke Zhuang of Lu). His compatriot said, "The authorities will plan this, so why do you want to participate?" Cao Gui said: "People who are in high positions and enjoy great wealth are short-sighted and cannot have foresight." So he went to the court to visit (Duke Zhuang of Lu). (Cao Gui) Q (Duke Zhuang of Lu): "What (conditions) do you rely on to fight against Qi?" Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "You can't have food, clothing and other health-preserving things for yourself. You have to give them to people around you." (Cao Gui) replied: "(This kind of) small favors can't be spread all over (the people), and the people won't listen to (you)." Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "I would never dare to make a false report about the sacrifices of pigs, cows, sheep, jade and silk. I must tell God the truth. " (Cao Gui) replied: "(This is only) a little credit. If you can't convince the gods, the gods won't bless you. " Lv Zhuanggong said: "Even if I can't see all the situations, I can make a reasonable decision based on the facts." (Cao Gui) replied: "(This is the kind of thing that has done its duty). You can go to war (under this condition). If you fight, please allow (me) to follow you. "

That day, Duke Zhuang of Lu and Cao Gui shared a car. Fight gourd ladle (with Qi army). Duke Zhuang of Lu was about to beat the drum when Cao Gui said, "Not now." After the Qi army drummed three times, Cao Gui said, "It's time." The Qi army was defeated. Duke Zhuang of Lu (ordered) to ride a horse to chase the Qi army. Cao Gui said, "(Not yet)." (Say that finish) got off the chariot and looked at the wheel tracks of the Qi army; He boarded the chariot again, propped up the crossbar and looked at the Qi army from a distance. He said, "We can (chase)." So I chased the Qi army.

After the victory, Duke Zhuang of Lu asked him why he won. Cao Gui replied, "Fighting depends on courage. Drumming for the first time (can) boost the morale of (soldiers), the second time (morale) will be very weak, and the third time (morale) will be very tired. The morale of the other side is exhausted, and our morale is high, so we can win. A big country like Qi is hard to predict, for fear of an ambush ahead. I observed that the wheel marks left by the Qi army were very messy, and when their flags fell, I ordered the pursuit. "

Third, the power of candles retreated from the Qin Dynasty.

In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 in September, Jin Wengong and Qin Mugong jointly besieged Zheng, because Zheng did not receive him with proper etiquette, and at the same time attached to Jin and Chu. The Jin army was stationed in the Han Mausoleum and Pannan. The lost fox said to Zheng Bo, "Zheng is in danger. If you can send Qin Bo a candle, you can certainly persuade him to retreat. " Zheng Bo agreed. Wu Zhu declined and said, "When I was young, I was not as good as others; Now that I am old, I can't do anything. " Zheng Wengong said, "It's my fault. I didn't pay attention to you before. Now I beg you in an emergency. However, the fall of Zheng is not good for you! " Candlewire Wu agreed. In the evening, he pulled the candle down from the wall with a rope and went to visit Qin Bo. "Qin Jin has besieged Zheng, and Zheng knows his death. If it is good for you to kill Zheng, you will take the liberty to trouble you about it. You know it's hard to cross other countries (Jin State) and regard the distant State of Zheng as a small border town (east of Qin State). Why destroy the state of Zheng and increase the land adjacent to the state of Jin? The strength of neighboring countries is strong, and your strength is relatively weak. If you give up destroying Zheng, let Zheng be you.

It's harmless for you to make up for the shortage of Qin envoys on the eastern front at any time. Besides, you are kind to Kim, and he promised to give you Jiao and Xian. However, you know that he crossed the Yellow River in the morning and returned to the State of Jin, and at night he built fortifications to resist the State of Qin. Jin State, what is satisfaction (time)? After treating Zheng as the eastern border, he wanted to expand his territory to the west. If it doesn't invade Qin, how can it get the land it craves? The state of Qin was damaged and the state of Jin benefited. I hope you can think about it! "Qin Bo happy, and zheng signed a covenant. He sent Qi, Sun Feng and Sun Yang to guard the State of Zheng and then withdrew to his hometown.

The criminal asked Jin Wengong to order an attack on Qin Jun. Jin Wengong said, "No! Without that person's support, I wouldn't be where I am today. It is unjust to use other people's strength to hurt him; It is unwise to lose allies; It is not brave to replace unity with chaos. Let's go back! " 8 jin j also withdrew from zheng.

Fourth, Zou Ji satirized Wang Qi's incompetence.

Zou Ji is more than eight feet tall (today 184cm is 0.23m), and her figure looks gorgeous and beautiful. (One day) in the morning, (Zou Ji) put on his coat and hat and said to his wife in the mirror, "Who is more beautiful than Xu Gong in the north of the city?" His wife said, "You are very beautiful. What Gong compares with you? " Duke Xu in the north of the city is a handsome man of Qi. Zou Ji didn't believe himself (more beautiful than Xu Hongmei) and asked his concubine, "Who is more handsome than Xu Hongmei?" Concubine said: How can you compare with me? The next day, a guest came from outside. Zou Ji sat down with him and asked him, "Who is more handsome than Xu Gong?" The guest said, "Xu Gong is not as handsome as you." The next day, Xugong came. Zou Ji looked at it carefully and felt that he was not as beautiful as Xu Gong. Looking at myself in the mirror again, I feel that I am far from Xugong. When I was sleeping at night, I thought about it and said, "My wife thinks I'm beautiful because she likes me better;" I think I am beautiful because I am afraid of me; My guests think I'm beautiful because they want to ask me something. "

So Zou Ji visited Qi Weiwang in the imperial court and said, "I know I'm not as good as Xu Hongmei. But my wife is partial to me, my concubine is afraid of me, and the guests want something from me, so everyone thinks I am more beautiful than Xu Hongmei. Now the territory of Qi is thousands of miles and there are 120 cities. There are no concubines and guards in the palace who don't spoil you, no ministers in the DPRK are not afraid of you, and there is nothing that the people of the whole country don't want you. From this point of view, your majesty, you have been deceived too seriously! "

Qi Weiwang said, "Good!" So he gave an order: "all ministers, officials and people who can accuse me of mistakes face to face will be rewarded handsomely;" Those who exhort me with words will get a moderate reward; Being able to talk about my shortcomings in public, so that those who hear me can get inferior rewards. "When this order came out, all the ministers came to remonstrate, and the front yard of the palace was like a city; A few months later, someone came to remonstrate from time to time; After a full year, even if someone wants to remonstrate, there is nothing to say. Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei and other countries all knew about it and went to Qi to see Qi Weiwang. This is called the imperial court's crushing defeat of other countries.

Five, touch the dragon said Zhao Empress Dowager

After Zhao came to power, Qin attacked Zhao violently. Zhao turned to Qi for help. Qi said, "Chang must be taken hostage before sending troops." Empress Zhao disagreed, and the minister tried to persuade her. The queen mother told the left and right clearly: "If anyone says that he often wants to be a hostage, my old woman will definitely spit in his face."

Zuo touched the dragon and said he hoped to see the queen mother. The queen mother waited for him with an angry face. Touching the dragon came in and walked slowly to the queen mother. When he came to the front, he apologized and said, "I have lost the ability to run fast because of my sick foot." I haven't been able to see the queen mother for a long time. I forgive myself privately, but I am afraid that the Queen Mother will get sick occasionally, so I really want to see her. " Empress Dowager Cixi said, "My old woman moves by wheelbarrow." Touching the dragon and saying, "The daily diet will not decrease, will it?" The Queen Mother said, "Just have some porridge." Touching the dragon said: "The old minister has a bad appetite now. If he insists on walking by himself, walking three or four miles every day will slightly increase his appetite and recuperate his body." The queen mother said, "My old woman can't." The queen mother's face softened a little.

Zuo Gong said, "Shu Qi, the second son of the old minister, is the youngest. The courtier is old, but he has to pity him. I hope I can send him to the guard to collect data to defend the palace. So I risk my life to tell you. " The queen mother said, "I must agree with you." How old are you? "The answer is:" Fifteen. Although I am still young, I hope I can ask you to give it to the Queen Mother before my death. " The Queen Mother said, "Does the father love his little son, too?" Answer: "More than mom." The Empress Dowager smiled and said, "The families of women and Taoists especially like their youngest son. Answer: "In my opinion, the old lady loves her daughter Yan Hou more than usual." The queen mother said, "You are wrong. Not as deep as your love for Chang 'an Jun. "Zuo Gongyue said," If parents love their children, they should think deeply for them. When the old lady said goodbye to Yan and got married, she hugged her feet and cried for her, because it was sad enough to think that she was leaving. After seeing her off, it's not that I don't miss her. I must pray for every sacrifice she makes and say,' Don't let her come back! Isn't it in the long run that I hope she can be king in Yan from generation to generation after having children? "The queen mother said," yes. Zuo said, "From now on, within three generations of Zhao's founding, can the descendants of the monarch of Zhao inherit the title?" ? The heavenly queen said, "No." Zuo Shigong said, "Not only Zhao, but also descendants of other vassal States?" The queen mother said, "My old woman has never heard of it. Zuo Shigong said: "This is a near disaster for them and a far disaster for their children and grandchildren." . Is it necessarily bad to be the son of a king? The position is superior, but it has no merit. The salary is particularly generous, but there is no hard work, and there are many jade jewelry. Now the old lady has given Chang a high position, a rich and fertile place and a lot of treasures, but she never thought that he would make a contribution to the country at present. One day, the Queen Mother will be a hundred years old. Why did Chang settle in Zhao? I think the old lady is too short-sighted for Chang, so I think you love her more than Yan Hou. "The queen mother said," all right. Send him where you want to go. So he ordered the commander to prepare 100 chariots and take them to Qi as hostages, and Qi immediately sent troops.

Hearing this, Ziyi said, "The son of the king, a relative of the same flesh and blood, can't rely on a high position without merit and a salary without merit, but he has good words, let alone a courtier?"

Sixth, Biography of Qu Yuan

Qu Yuan's real name is Ping, and he has the same surname as the Chu royal family. He used to be a disciple of Chu Huaiwang. He is well-informed and has a good memory. He is familiar with governing the country and the language of diplomatic response. To plan and discuss state affairs with Wang Huai internally and give orders; Receive guests and entertain the prince. Chu Huaiwang trusts him very much.

Doctor Shangguan is of the same rank as him. He wants to please the king and is jealous of Qu Yuan's talent. Chu Huaiwang asked Qu Yuan to make laws, but Qu Yuan's draft was not finalized. As soon as Shangguan saw it, he wanted to change it forcibly (to take credit). Qu Yuan did not agree, so he slandered Qu Yuan in front of Chu Huaiwang and said, "Everyone knows that your king asked Qu Yuan to make laws. Every time he promulgated the law, Qu Yuan boasted of his contribution and said, "No one can do it except me." Chu Huaiwang was very angry and alienated Qu Yuan.

Qu Yuan was worried that the king was confused by the villain's words and could not tell right from wrong. The villain confused black and white, which made Wang Huai unable to understand. He allowed evil villains to harm just people, but honest gentlemen were not tolerated by the court. Therefore, he was sad and depressed and wrote Li Sao. "Li Sao" means sad. Heaven is the primitive man, and parents are the foundation of man. When people are in trouble, they will miss the source, so when they are extremely tired and tired, there is nothing that is not called heaven; I don't call my parents when I'm not sick or sad. Qu Yuan acted uprightly, tried his best to assist the monarch with loyalty and wisdom, and alienated him with evil villains, which can be said to be a dilemma. Honesty is doubted and loyalty is vilified. Can there be no resentment? Qu Yuan wrote Li Sao because of resentment. Although Guo Feng wrote more about the love between men and women, it was not excessive and inappropriate. Although Xiaoya is full of satire and accusations, it did not promote the uprising. Like Li Sao, it can be said that it has both characteristics. It can be traced back to ancient Di Ku, and is called Qi Huangong in modern times, Shang Tang and Zhou Wuwang in the middle ages to satirize the political affairs at that time. It is fully demonstrated that morality is broad and lofty, and that the state governs the rise and fall of chaos. His writing is simple, his words are implicit, his interests are noble and his behavior is honest. Although the article is small, it is of great significance, and the examples listed are shallow, but the significance is far-reaching. Because of noble interests, the things described in the article are also fragrant, and because of integrity, they will not be tolerated by evil forces until death. He left the muddy water alone, took off filth like a cicada, floated in the world, was not humiliated by the turbid world, kept the quality of light, and emerged from the mud without being stained. It can be inferred from this that Qu Yuan's ambition, even if competing with the sun and the moon, is ok.

Qu Yuan was removed from office. Later, the State of Qin prepared to attack the State of Qi, and the State of Qi and the State of Chu formed a vertical alliance and got along well with each other. This is what Qin is worried about. Zhang Yi was sent to pretend to break away from the State of Qin and give gifts and tokens to the King of Chu. He said to Chu Huaiwang, "Qin hates Qi, but Qi and Chu are married. If Chu can really break up with Qi, Qin is willing to offer a land of 600 miles between Shang and Yu. " Chu Huaiwang became greedy, trusted Zhang Yi, broke with Qi, and then sent messengers to Qin to accept the land. Zhang Yi denied it and said, "I agreed with the King of Chu that it was only 60 Li, but I have never heard of it." The emissary of Chu left Qin angrily and went back to report. Chu Huaiwang was furious and sent troops to crusade against Qin. Qin sent troops to fight back, defeated the Chu army in Danshui and Xishui, killed 80,000 people, captured the general Qu Kun alive, and seized the Hanzhong area of Chu. Chu Huaiwang also mobilized the national army, went deep into the State of Qin to attack the State of Qin, and fought in Lantian. Hearing this, Wei attacked Chu all the way and hit Deng. The Chu army was afraid and retreated from the state of Qin. Qi didn't come to the rescue because he hated Chu, who was in an extremely embarrassing situation. In the second year, Qin cut the land of Hanzhong and made peace with Chu. King Chu said, "I don't want land, I just want Zhang Yi." After hearing this, Zhang Yi said, "Make a land of Hanzhong with Zhang Yi, and I request to go to Chu." When he arrived in the State of Chu, he bribed the Shanxi merchants, the minister of the dynasty, with a lot of gifts, and made up a set of lies in front of the king's pet Zheng Xiu. Chu Huaiwang listened to Zheng Xiu and let Yi Cheung go. At this time, Qu Yuan had been alienated and not served in Korea, but was sent to Qi. When he came back, he advised Chu Huaiwang to say, "Why not kill Zhang Yi?" Chu Huaiwang regretted that it was too late to send someone to kill Yi Cheung.

Later, the governors of various countries jointly attacked Chu, defeated the Chu army and killed Tang Mei, the general of Chu. At this time, Qin Zhao, the king of Chu, married the king of Chu and asked to meet Chu Huaiwang. When Chu Huaiwang was leaving, Qu Yuan said, "Qin is a land of tigers and wolves. You can't trust it. It is better not to go. " Zilan, Chu Huaiwang's youngest son, advised Chu Huaiwang to go, saying, "How can we break off diplomatic relations with Qin!" Chu Huaiwang finally went. As soon as he entered Wuguan, he was cut off by the ambush of Qin, so he detained him and forced him to cede territory. Chu Huaiwang was very angry and refused to listen to Qin's threats. He fled to Zhao, who refused to accept him. I had to go to the state of Qin again, and finally died in the state of Qin, and the body was transported back to Chu for burial.

Chu Huaiwang's eldest son Qing Xiang acceded to the throne and appointed his younger brother Zilan as Lingyin. Chu people complained about Zilan because he suggested that Wang Huai enter the State of Qin, but he didn't come back in the end. Qu Yuan also resented Zilan. Although he was exiled, he still loved Chu, thought of Wang Huai and never forgot to return to the imperial court. He hoped that the monarch would wake up one day and the secular world would change one day. Qu Yuan cared about the king of Chu and wanted to revitalize the country and change the situation in Chu. This idea is repeatedly expressed in every work. However, I was helpless in the end, so I couldn't go back to court. As you can see, Wang Huai never realized.

No monarch, whether stupid or wise, wise or fatuous, does not want to seek loyal ministers to serve him or select talents to assist him. However, the destruction of the country has occurred one after another, and the number of generations of wise monarchs governing the country has not appeared. This is because the so-called loyal ministers are not unfaithful, and the so-called virtuous ministers are not virtuous. Chu Huaiwang was confused by Zheng Xiu at home because he didn't understand the position of loyal minister, and was deceived by Yi Chang outside, alienating Qu Yuan and trusting doctors Shangguan and Ling. His army was defeated, his land was cut, he lost six counties, he was detained and died in the state of Qin, and he was laughed at by the whole world. This is not understanding the harm of people. Yijing said: "The well has been cleaned, and no one has drunk the water inside, which makes me very sad, because well water is for people to drink." If the king is wise, everyone in the world will be blessed. " If the king is not wise, can he still be blessed? Yin was very angry when he learned that Qu Yuan hated him, and finally let Doctor Shangguan speak ill of Qu Yuan in front of Xiang Wang. King Xiang was furious and exiled Qu Yuan.

Qu Yuan came to the river, curled his hair, and walked along Shui Ze chanting. He has a haggard face and a thin body. When the fisherman saw him, he asked, "Aren't you Dr. San Lv? Why did you come here? " Qu yuan said: "the world is turbid, but I am innocent;" Everyone was drunk, and I was the only one awake. So he was exiled. "The fisherman said," The wise people in Tessa are not bound by external things, but can change with the world. The whole world is overcast, why not follow the crowd and add fuel to the fire? Everyone is drunk, why not eat some distiller's grains and drink some thin wine? Why do you want to embrace the quality of Meiyu, but you are exiled? Qu Yuan said, "I heard that people who have just washed their hair must shake the dust off their hats, and people who have just taken a shower must shake the dust off their clothes. Who can let his innocent body be polluted by foreign objects? I'd rather throw myself into a flowing river and bury myself in the belly of a river fish. How can I make my noble quality suffer from secular dirt? " So he wrote Huai Sha Fu. So, he held the stone and threw it into the Miluo River and died.

After Qu Yuan's death, there were Song Yu, Le Tang, Jing Ke and others in Chu. They all loved literature and were praised for their good works. But they all imitated the euphemistic and implicit side of Qu Yuan's rhetoric and never dared to speak out. After that, Chu became weaker and weaker, and after several decades, it was finally destroyed by Qin. More than 0/00 years after Qu Yuan sank into the Miluo River/KLOC, there was a Jia Yi in the Han Dynasty who was a teacher of Changsha King. When passing by Xiangshui, I wrote a tribute to Qu Yuan.

Tai Shigong said: I read Li Sao, Tian Wen, Evocation and Mourning, and I am sorry that his ambition cannot be realized. When I arrived in Changsha, I passed the place where Qu Yuan drowned, but I shed tears and missed him. When I saw Jia Yi's article, I blamed Qu Yuan for lobbying the vassals with his talents. Which country would not give in, but chose such a path! After reading Fu to the Bird, I treated life and death equally, and thought that being demoted and appointed was not important, and I felt lost again.

VII. Report Ren Anshu

Eight, Chen Qingbiao

Biography of Mr. Wu Liu

Mr. Wu Liu doesn't know where he comes from, nor his name and inscription. Because there are five willows planted next to the house, I use "five willows" as my nickname. Mr. Wu Liu is quiet, rarely talks, and does not envy wealth. (Mr. 56) likes reading, but only wants to understand the main idea, instead of delving into the explanation word by word; Whenever I read something, I forget to eat with joy. I like drinking naturally, but I can't drink often because my family is poor. Relatives and friends all know about him, and sometimes they invite him over for a drink at a banquet. When he went for a drink, he had a good time. He wished he was drunk and left, but he left without hesitation. The shabby room is empty, so shabby that even the wind and the sun can't keep out. Coarse cloth and short coat are patched, and the bowl of rice and water is often empty, but he can enjoy himself. I often write poems and articles as entertainment and express my interest a little. He can forget the worldly gains and losses and live his own life like this.

Zan said that Qian Lou's wife once said: "I am not worried about poverty, and I am not keen on getting rich and being an official." This is probably Mr. Wu Liu, right? Writing poetry while drinking, happy for his firm ambition, he may be a person under the management of Wyeth period. Maybe it's someone left over from the Ge Shi Tian period?

Ten, planting trees and spreading fruits

Guo Tuo, I don't know his name. He suffers from the disease of hunchback, stooping and walking with his back protruding, just like a camel, so people in the village call him "camel". The camel said, "Very good. It's really appropriate to call me that. " So he simply gave up his original name and called himself "Camel".

His hometown is Fengle Township, west of Chang 'an. Guo Tuo's occupation is planting trees. In Chang 'an City, all the rich people who manage gardens and enjoy amusement, and those who plant trees and sell fruits for profit all rushed to meet and hire Guo Tuo. Seeing the trees planted by camels, even if transplanted, they did not survive; Grow tall and lush, bear fruit early and much. Although other tree growers secretly observe and admire imitation, no one can compare with them.

Someone asked him why he planted trees well. He replied, "I can't make trees live long and grow fast, but I can adapt to the nature of trees and realize my habits." However, in the method of planting trees, the roots should be stretched, the cultivated soil should be uniform, the soil used should be the original soil for cultivating seedlings, and the rammed soil should be solid. When you have done this, don't move, don't worry about it, and don't look after you leave. When transplanting trees, we should treat them like children. After planting, we should put them aside as if we had abandoned them. Then the nature of the tree can be preserved and its nature can develop freely. So I just don't hinder its growth, and I don't have the ability to make it grow tall and lush; It just doesn't inhibit or reduce its fruit, and it doesn't have the ability to make it bear more fruit early. Other tree growers are not like this, their roots are replaced with new soil; When he tills the soil, it is either too tight or too loose. If there is a person who can be different from this practice, but dotes on them too much, I will go to see it in the morning, touch it at night, and go back to see it after I leave. More seriously, cut the bark with nails to see if it is still alive, shake the trunk to see if it is planted firmly, so that the nature of the tree is gone day by day. Although I love it, it actually hurts it. Although I am worried about it, it actually hates it. So none of them can compare with me. what can I do? "

The person who asked said, "Is it feasible to transfer your method of planting trees to serving the officials and the people?" Tuotuo said, "I only know how to plant trees. Being an official for the people is not my major. But I live in a village and see officials who like to give orders constantly, as if they love (the people), and in the end, the people will still be hurt. In the morning and evening, those small officials came running and shouted,' the chief ordered: urge you to plow, urge you to farm, urge you to harvest, cook cocoons and spin silk early, weave early, raise your children and feed your chickens and pigs.' How can we be prosperous and stable when ordinary people stop eating breakfast and dinner to comfort those small officials? So we are poor and tired. Like this (governing the people is a nuisance), it's probably similar to my tree planting career, right? "

The person who asked said, "Isn't that great? I asked about planting trees and got a way to govern the people. " I recorded it as a warning to the officials.