Xingyiquan originated in Taigu, Shanxi, and appeared in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. It was created by Ji and spread to Cao, who in turn spread to Dailongbang in Shanxi and Henan. As a result, Xingyiquan is divided into two branches, Xingyiquan in the north and Xinyi Liuhe Boxing in Henan. Dai Longbang spread to Li Luoneng, and Li Luoneng recruited disciples in Shanxi, Hebei Province, which greatly developed Xingyiquan. During this period, Li Luoneng's eight disciples were the representatives: Shanxi. Guo, Liu, He Yunheng from Hebei; These eight disciples have their own strengths, and the northern Xingyiquan gradually evolved into a small frame in Shanxi and a big frame in Hebei, which has local characteristics.
Xingyiquan is characterized by exquisite skills, loose and tight form, eclectic appearance and changeable play. The twelve forms of form and meaning emphasize the offensive skills of exotic animals, and the five elements emphasize the connotations of gold, wood, water, fire and earth. The style of work is to take care of the middle and fight. There is a saying that "if you don't recruit or fight, you will fight." Ming family soldiers are like lightning and thunder, so they are famous for their good fighting skills. There is a proverb called "Tai Chi never goes out for ten years, which means killing people in one year".
Xingyiquan is an obvious gun boxing, and the gun technique is a unique skill on the battlefield after the Zhou Dynasty in China, which has the function of protecting Wang Dingguo. Zhao Zilong and Jiang Weishan, famous generals in ancient times, used guns. Jiang Wei is a descendant of Zhou Dong, head coach of the imperial army in Song Dynasty. His disciple Lin Chong inherited him. In his later years, Zhou Tong had a disciple, King Yue Wumu, who filmed northern Xinjiang. Dharma, the founder of the Sui Dynasty, entered Shaolin Temple. At that time, China Shenqiang had been in Zhao Zilong for more than 300 years, and it was impossible for Dharma to make a gun, let alone a gun fist. Moreover, Buddhists respect sticks as benevolence and think that swords, spears and halberds are too overbearing, so Shaolin was only good at waving sticks in the early days, and monks were also called stick-wielding monks. Xingyiquan's internal strength belongs to internal strength and originated from Taoism. Since the Shang Dynasty, it has been a great success, and Laozi, Zhuangzi and Confucius and Mencius all used it to cultivate their self-cultivation. This method entered Shaolin more than 500 years earlier than Dharma, which can be seen from the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine. Therefore, the internal strength of Xingyiquan cannot be created by Buddhism. Xingyiquan pays attention to actual combat, with fierce play, no tricks, straight forward and straight back, fast posture and less somersaults. This style of play is especially suitable for battlefield battles or team battles with one enemy and ten. It can be seen that this boxing was played by generations on the battlefield, which is not something that anyone can think of. However, who created it cannot be verified, and Ji is considered as the founder. Whether Ji was introduced to Shaolin after becoming a monk or Shaolin was introduced to Ji remains to be verified.
Xingyiquan, as one of the profound contents of China Wushu, has gradually formed a relatively complete theoretical system through continuous study, practice, summary and improvement. Although each school of boxing has its own merits, its boxing theory has a deep origin. Pay attention to guiding qi with intention, guiding force with qi, expressing both words and meaning, and integrating form and meaning. Through the mutual adjustment of form and meaning, internal and external interaction, the cultivation effect of both form and spirit can be achieved. Xingyiquan, with the aim of strengthening morality, not only has the effect of strengthening physical fitness and cultivating self-cultivation, but also has the effect of actual combat.
Xingyiquan basically belongs to pictographic boxing, and its main routines are mostly made by imitating the predation and self-defense actions of some animals, that is, the so-called pictographic boxing actions, such as dragon, tiger, monkey, horse, catfish, chicken, harrier, swallow, snake, bird platform, eagle, bear and so on.
Xingyiquan is vigorous and simple, simple and practical, uniform, paying attention to short strokes and close use, fast attack and direct take. Basic routines of Xingyiquan, such as five elements boxing and Twelve Shapes. , mostly single practice, not boxing.
Xingyiquan advocates that the latecomers come from the top and seize the middle door in the principle of attack and defense. The boxing score says, "Treat people like wormwood, and hit people like walking." "When practicing boxing, no one is who, and when fighting, no one is who." In hand-to-hand combat, it is required to "push forward without obstacles when the enemy is in fire", "punch three times without seeing the shape, and there is nothing to do without seeing the shape" and "get up like the wind and fall like an arrow, which is too slow." Xingyiquan requires to solve the battle in the shortest time: "Don't fight, just fight". It means that when the enemy calls, I don't have to answer at all I just need a fatal blow to win. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, some masters of Xingyi Boxing often punched powerful enemies (such as Li Luoneng and Guo), and Li Luoneng's super-shape boxing changed from one step to two, then punched a samurai to catch it, and then punched a powerful enemy (such as his nephew Ma Sanyuan). So the rules of Xingyiquan are very strict, and it is not allowed to fight with people easily. According to the Henan School, anyone who is disobedient, unfilial, greedy, boastful and deceitful, and greedy for wine and lust will not be accepted as a disciple; Anyone who practices this boxing is not allowed to make trouble, but must be patient when something happens, and is not allowed to perform in the street.
1954, gilby, a famous American boxer, saw Xingyi Boxing demonstrated by a boxer from China in Manila. He was greatly surprised and thought it was "the highest form of boxing", "but be careful of its danger"
Xingyiquan also belongs to the Taoist boxing school, and pays attention to internal cultivation. Xingyiquan is required to mobilize the greatest potential in the body with the mind, use the mind to move the gas, use the gas to urge the force, and exert the force instantly before touching the enemy. Moreover, the elbow cannot be straightened, which shortens the punching distance and makes Xingyiquan have strong penetrating power, which can often cause damage to the enemy's internal organs. Therefore, under normal circumstances, the master of xingyi will never make a move easily, nor dare he make a move easily.
Xingyiquan is simple and practical, which conforms to the development trend of Wushu, so it spreads quickly. In addition, this kind of boxing system is not very conservative and is devoted to theoretical research. Like Tai Ji Chuan school, it shows great vitality with its potential cultural advantages.
Xingyiquan is simple, pure and aggressive, and it is the most intact martial arts boxing at present.
Bagua Palm, also known as Swimming Bagua Palm and Bagua Chain Palm, is a kind of boxing with palm changing and turning. Because of its crisscross movements, it is divided into four directions, four corners and eight directions, which is similar to the eight diagrams in Zhouyi, so it is named Bagua Palm. Some old boxing scores of eight diagrams palm often use hexagrams to explain boxing theory, and eight hexagrams represent the basic eight palms.
Baguazhang is a kind of boxing widely spread in China. It is one of the three famous internal boxing in Wudang, and it is also the embodiment of Taoist health, fitness and self-defense. It takes the eight-pile method as the palm work, integrates eight hands into one, and is based on one to eight steps of swing, buckle and forward footwork. It takes walking in circles as the basic movement route and palm technique as the core. In the process of turning around, the whole body is one step, and the steps are like running water. Posture requirements are: twist and turn to be coordinated and complete, walk like Youlong, and turn like an eagle. The main techniques are: stabbing, inserting, splitting, pulling, crossing, bumping, buckling, turning, supporting and so on.
As for the origin of Bagua Palm, according to research, Dong Haichuan (about 18 13 ~ 1882), a native of Wen 'an County, Hebei Province in the Qing Dynasty, was inspired by Taoist cultivation and combined with martial arts. Dong Haichuan used to be the Boxer Rebellion of Su Wangfu in Qing Dynasty, so Bagua Palm first spread in Beijing, spread all over the country in the past hundred years, and spread abroad (such as Southeast Asia).
Baguazhang is characterized by its agile body, which changes with walking and twists and turns when fighting with the other side. The boxing proverb says, "It looks like Youlong, looks like an ape, sits like a tiger and turns like an eagle's plate". Its basic skills are mainly piling and walking. The body shape requires that the head should be vertical, the waist should be straight, the hips should slide, the shoulders should be relaxed, the chest should be relaxed, and the hips should be raised. Footwork requires smooth ups and downs, clear swing, clear distinction between reality and reality, walking like mud, walking like a sedan chair, and rubbing your calves when walking (ankles are touching each other). When walking in circles, the inner foot is straight in, the outer foot is buckled, the knees are hugged, and the crotch cannot be opened. The posture pays attention to twisting, spinning, turning, turning and circling. There are two kinds of hands: dragon claw palm and ox tongue palm. The main techniques are pushing, hugging, taking, leading, moving, blocking, intercepting, buckling, grasping, taking, hooking, hitting, sealing, closing, flashing and scattering 16. It is required to be able to advance and retreat, to be able to change and live, to combine reality with reality, and to change endlessly. Each palm should be issued with the waist as the axis, and the whole body should be integrated, combining inside and outside, focusing on the hands, eyes and body outside, and cultivating the mind and spirit inside.
The movements of the Eight Diagrams Palm require lifting the top along the neck, relaxing the shoulders and elbows, relaxing the chest and abdomen, standing up and sliding the hips, shrinking the hips and knees, and grasping the ground with ten toes. The eight diagrams palm is characterized by "rolling drill for wrapping, strange and correct, twisting and walking, changing hands with you, walking like a dragon, turning like a monkey, changing like an eagle, and being as powerful as a tiger"; Take bending and braking straight, moving and disturbing static, braking and moving as the cultivation principle.
Eight diagrams palm is divided into three steps: fixed frame, live frame and variable frame. "Fixing the frame" is a basic kung fu, which requires one stroke and one style, following the rules and regulations, and should be slow rather than fast, so as to have a correct posture, a solid pile step and a smooth walk; Earnestly achieve the "nine essentials", that is, collapse (collapse of the waist), buckle (including chest), lift (lifting from the tail and Gu Dao), top (top of the head, tip of the tongue and top of the hand), wrap (wrap the arm), loosen (loosen the shoulder and sink the air), hang (lower the elbow) and shrink (shrink). Don't lift your chest, lift your abdomen and exert your strength (called three serious illnesses). The "living shelf" mainly practices the coordination of movements, so that the basic essentials can be skillfully used in the transformation. "Changing the frame" requires internal and external integration, arbitrary change, random insertion, not limited by the order of knuckles, so as to be as light as a feather, as lightning, and as stable as a rock.
The basic content of the Bagua Palm is the Eight Mothers Palm, also known as the Old Eight Palm, that is, single palm exchange, double palm exchange, homeopathic palm, back palm, turn palm, grinding palm, three-piercing palm and turn palm. The content circulated in different places is not exactly the same, with lions, deer, snakes, harriers, dragons, bears, phoenixes and monkeys as representatives, and also with two hands. Each palm can be derived from many palm methods, which is commonly known as one palm gives birth to eight palms.
Baguazhang has the forms of single practice, double practice and Sanda. According to the Old Boxing Manual, there are still 18 arhats, 72 hidden feet and 72 amputated legs in the Baguazhang boxing system, but it is rarely known at present. All the instruments in the Bagua Palm system, including knives, guns, swords, halberds, etc. It still embodies the characteristics of changing with the walk, carrying machinery with you, changing with the step, and taking advantage of the situation. In addition, there are Yuan Yangshuo, Ji Zhaorui, hot wheels and so on. Bagua palm is beneficial to training people's flexibility, speed and endurance, especially the strength of lower limbs. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Bagua Palm was listed as a national Wushu performance and competition.
He didn't use the Eight Diagrams Palm, but the real Xingyiquan.