Carotid intimal thrombosis or atherosclerotic plaque is a degenerative, proliferative and systemic disease of large and medium-sized arteries, and atherosclerosis is the reason for the decrease of arterial elasticity. The carotid artery is severely hardened, with hardened plaques falling off and blocking the cerebral vessels. This is a common disease of the elderly. Generally speaking, mild arteriosclerosis will not affect the blood supply to the brain, so there will be no symptoms after neck activity. Severe arteriosclerosis will reduce the blood supply to the brain, causing dizziness, headache and memory loss. If you move your neck at this time, it is likely to aggravate cerebral ischemia, make the symptoms of cerebral ischemia more serious, and even lead to "ischemic stroke." The main causes of cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, heart failure and premature beats.
Most of these diseases occur in the "three highs", that is, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, and the incidence rate of the elderly is greater than that of the young. Therefore, some experts remind that after 50 years old, both men and women should go to the hospital for detailed examination after menopause, because this disease has no symptoms, and people usually take it lightly. Once dizziness occurs, it means that plaque has formed and must be controlled in the hospital, otherwise it will easily lead to a stroke.
Prevention of this disease requires three levels of prevention: the first level of prevention refers to controlling diet in daily activities and staying away from high-fat and high-sugar foods, that is, eating less animal liver, brain flowers, fat, fried foods, things with high sugar and fat content; Secondary prevention is to find mild symptoms and seek medical attention in time, let doctors help control blood sugar and blood lipid, and use aspirin and other drugs to stabilize the condition. At the same time, in normal activities, especially when rotating the neck, the patient should move lightly and slowly, and must not move too much; Tertiary prevention is prevention after stroke, so it must be treated by doctors with drugs.
The consequences of carotid atherosclerosis are very serious, and this disease is a recurrent disease. Many people have poor control after discharge, resulting in two strokes and three strokes. However, as long as patients and their families pay attention to this disease at ordinary times and cooperate closely with doctors to control blood pressure, blood lipids and blood sugar, there will be no stroke for life.
Atherosclerotic lesions are mostly distributed in the lateral wall of vascular bifurcation, the medial wall of elbow and carotid sinus. The blood in these parts is influenced by the angle of blood vessels to form a non-laminar state such as turbulence, which is easy to damage the intima, which is conducive to lipid deposition and platelet aggregation, forming atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, the reduction of local vascular wall shear force is an important factor in the formation of atherosclerosis.
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is an early pathological change of atherosclerosis. Vascular endothelium actively participates in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Vascular endothelial cells secrete and produce a variety of factors, which can control vascular tension, regulate and balance vascular relaxation and contraction, including mediating vascular wall inflammation, affecting plaque stability and thrombosis, and affecting lipoprotein metabolism, uptake, vascular growth and remodeling. Nitric oxide is an important mediator affecting endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Neurohormone substances (such as acetylcholine, serotonin, catecholamine, etc. The change of shear stress produced by circulating blood can trigger endothelial cells to release nitric oxide and cause vasodilation.
Atherosclerosis is an arterial disease related to dyslipidemia and changes in vascular wall composition, which mainly involves elastic artery and elastic muscle artery. This pathological change is characterized by the deposition of blood lipids on the intima of the artery, which causes the focal fibrous thickening of the intima and the necrosis and disintegration of its deep components, forming atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. Protons in atherosclerotic lesions come from the infiltration of plasma lipoproteins, mainly free cholesterol lipids, followed by triglycerides, phospholipids and apolipoprotein B. The severity of atherosclerosis increases linearly with the increase of plasma cholesterol levels. LDL and LDA cholesterol are important factors of atherosclerosis, while HDL and HDL-C have strong anti-atherosclerosis effects. The mechanism may be as follows: (1)HDL is the reverse transport carrier of cholesterol, which promotes the transport, degradation and excretion of cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues to the liver; (2) In plasma, HDL exchanges TG and CE with VLDL, LDL and CM, and finally VLDL and CM are degraded and excreted as residues. After eating a high-sugar and high-saturated fat diet, the activity of HMG-CoA reductase in liver increased and cholesterol synthesis increased. Generally, young people around the age of 20 have begun to form lipid deposits, and even 10% of children have started from the age of 10. This deposit is medically known as atherosclerotic plaque. After more than ten years or decades, due to the long-term accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques, the absorption of nutrients by blood vessels is blocked, and the nutritional status of blood vessels is deteriorating, making blood vessels gradually hard, brittle, narrow and inelastic. Moreover, this adverse effect will also cause hypertension or aggravate the degree of hypertension. When 50% of the cross-sectional area of blood vessels is squeezed, the symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular blood supply and hypoxia are very obvious, and dizziness, headache, heartburn and breath holding sometimes occur. When the cross-sectional area of a blood vessel is blocked by more than 80%, it can be considered that the blood vessel is basically blocked, and the most serious consequence is hemiplegia. What substance in the blood forms plaque? Why are plaques not randomly distributed in all blood vessels, but only in a few places of coronary artery and carotid artery? Why do only humans and a few primates have coronary heart disease, while most mammals don't? Why do plaques form? Two American Nobel Prize winners, Dr. Pauling and Dr. Raschel, finally solved the mystery of coronary heart disease on the basis of previous studies. 1985 specifies that a substance called lipoprotein (a) adheres to the blood vessel wall.
It is the so-called hyperviscosity and hyperlipidemia, in contrast to carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Blood viscosity and blood lipid jointly detect the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Hyperviscosity and hyperlipidemia are positively correlated with the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque.
Two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasound imaging is an effective examination method for diagnosing carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation, which is of guiding significance for selecting reasonable treatment scheme and evaluating treatment effect. Monitoring heart disease, preventing thrombosis, or early detection of internal carotid artery thrombosis can prevent cerebral infarction. Through the non-invasive, painless and harmless neck B-ultrasound detection method, hidden plaque stenosis and thrombosis attached to carotid artery can be found without any clinical symptoms, thus making it possible to prevent stroke at present. For patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease, it is very necessary to check the carotid artery and other body parts. At present, the main methods are: carotid ultrasound, magnetic resonance carotid imaging and carotid angiography. If ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography confirm that the carotid artery is obviously narrow (more than 50%) or there are intimal plaques and ulcers, the effect of internal medicine treatment is limited. At this time, surgical treatment should be chosen to remove the thickened carotid intima and plaque ulcer. This is called carotid endarterectomy, which has a history of more than 50 years. A large number of surgical cases have proved that carotid endarterectomy is an effective method to prevent and treat cerebral infarction. The operation is carried out under a microscope, which can ensure the safety of the operation.
Of course, your condition is not the object of surgical treatment. The medicine prescribed by the internal medicine department is right. In addition, Compound Danshen Dripping Pills, Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE), vitamin E, Tongxinluo and other drugs can be taken alternately with the above drugs under the guidance of doctors.
Corresponding preventive measures also include adjusting living and eating habits, participating in more fitness activities, banning smoking and alcohol, reducing blood viscosity, lowering blood lipid and lowering blood pressure, and choosing some drugs that promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, dilate cerebral vessels, improve microcirculation, enhance immunity, resist oxidation, resist aging and prevent platelet aggregation. It is believed that the incidence of cerebral infarction that threatens the majority of middle-aged and elderly people will decrease year by year. Honey can dilate coronary artery, nourish myocardium, improve myocardial function and regulate blood pressure. Usage: Patients with heart disease can improve their condition by taking 50-140g of honey every day for 1-2 months. People with high blood pressure drink a cup of honey water every morning and evening, which is also good for their health. People with arteriosclerosis often eat honey, which can protect blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
Drink more water. Everyone should supplement at least 2000 ml of water every day and drink more vegetable soup, winter melon soup, tomato soup, mung bean soup and light green tea. It is best to drink a glass of water after getting up in the morning, before going to bed at night and before and after taking a bath to prevent excessive sweating from causing blood concentration and high blood pressure. In addition, the diet in summer should be light, eat less foods with high fat and cholesterol, and eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, bean products and laver. We should develop healthy eating habits and often eat the following nine kinds of food.
1. leafy vegetables, such as broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, celery, etc. Leafy vegetables provide a lot of fiber, vitamins and trace elements, which can prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular sclerosis.
2. Vegetables containing bright pigments, such as onions, can improve cerebrovascular sclerosis, such as spinach, lettuce, sweet potato, pumpkin, zucchini, carrot, red pepper, yellow pepper and green pepper. These bright vegetables are not only rich in trace elements, vitamins and fiber, but also contain antioxidant biotin, which helps to reduce blood lipid and prevent arteriosclerosis.
Fresh fruits, such as apples, peaches, grapes, apricots, strawberries, tomatoes, etc. Fruit is rich in trace elements, vitamins, fiber and antioxidant biotin, which helps to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Bread made of whole grains, such as bran flour, brown rice, oatmeal, popcorn, etc. These whole grains contain a lot of cellulose, which can also reduce low-density cholesterol and prevent arteriosclerosis.
5. Cook with vegetable oil, soybean oil or olive oil. These vegetable oils are rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and other unsaturated fatty acids, which can help maintain normal cardiovascular function.
6. Low-fat or fat-free dairy products, such as low-fat or fat-free milk, low-fat cheese, yogurt, etc. It can greatly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by replacing high-fat dairy products.
Deep-sea fish, such as salmon, tuna, sardines and swordfish. Deep-sea fish are rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are beneficial to cardiovascular health.
Beans, such as soybean milk, tofu, dried tofu, fresh beans or dried beans. Beans contain a lot of plant proteins, lipids and fibers that are beneficial to heart health.
9. Low-alcohol wines, such as beer and wine, also help to lower low-density cholesterol, thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
It is said that eating more onions can improve cerebrovascular sclerosis, especially for patients with headache and migraine caused by cerebrovascular sclerosis.