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Rhyme is in poetry. Homophones are placed in the same position in different sentences, and rhyme is usually placed at the end of the sentence, so it is also called rhyme foot.

Sentence rhyme is not only easy to recite and remember, but also makes the work have the beauty of harmony in rhythm and tone.

Example (1): the mountains cover the daytime, and the ocean drains the golden river; make more/greater progress; improve one's already distinguished work; continue to do better; top one's own best achievements

Example (2): the moonlight shines on the ground hall; On the evening of the 30th, I picked betel nuts. Moonlight (nursery rhyme)

Ex. (3): Not because of the air pressure, but because of your support. Lyrics of my pride Anders Lee and Huang Weiwen.

Example (4): You are "fine" and I am "fine". Drink a cup of bamboo leaf green. "Bamboo Leaf Green" Advertising Language

Arrange homophonic words regularly at the end of poems and other rhymes. Rhyming words are called rhyming feet or rhyming words. Rhyme is one of the linguistic features of poetry and other rhymes. Its main function is to make the sound harmonious and beautiful, recite smoothly and sweetly, and facilitate the memory cycle. Rhyme and vowel are not exactly the same concepts. Homophones refer to vowels with the same or similar rhymes. If there is a rhyme, the rhyme is the same, and the rhyme can be different. In order to facilitate rhyme, people divide homophonic and rhyming words into several rhyming parts. According to the phonology of modern Beijing pronunciation, the most common rhyming parts are eighteen rhymes and thirteen rhymes (attached: a comparison table between eighteen rhymes and thirteen rhymes and Mandarin vowels).

brief introduction

The so-called rhyming (also called rhyming and Ye Yun) means putting the words with the same rhyme in the designated position.

The so-called rhyme is to classify words with the same vowels into one category, which is called rhyme.

All the words in the homonym are homophones. Any poem requires rhyme, no matter ancient or modern, Chinese or foreign. The difference is that there are more or less restrictions on rhyme, and there are strict and wide restrictions. This is also the biggest difference between poetry and other literary genres. 108 Pingshui rhyme ② is commonly used.

Rhyme is an important means to enhance the musicality of poetry. Modern poetry pays great attention to rhyme in order to make the tone harmonious and easy to remember. The ancients usually used official books that specially instructed the use of rhyme, such as Tang Yun, Guang Yun, Libu Rhyme, Peiwenyun, Integration of Rhyme and Combination of Rhyme. Among them, the rhyme of "Xin Kan" in Wang Wenyu in the Southern Song Dynasty is the most popular, that is, the so-called 108 level rhyme.

But what needs to be understood is that it is not worth destroying the essence of poetry in order to accommodate rhyme. Unless you take part in the imperial examination, even if a sentence or two rhymes occasionally, the ancients are allowed.

rule

The rhyme of modern poetry has strict rules, which can be summarized as follows: the first sentence can be pledged or not, and the next sentence must be flat.

1, even sentence rhymes:

There are 2468 rhymes in metrical poems and 24 rhymes in quatrains. Whether it is a metrical poem or a quatrain, the first sentence may or may not rhyme. For example:

Judge Han Zuo of Yangzhou (Du Mu)

There is water in the green hills, and the vegetation in the south of the Yangtze River is withered in autumn.

Where does the Jade Man teach oral sex at Bridge 24 on a moonlit night?

The first 124 sentence rhymes. Another example is:

Leyou Tomb (Li Shangyin)

In the evening, I was unhappy and drove to Gu.

Sunset, infinitely beautiful, only near dusk.

The first sentence doesn't rhyme, but two or four sentences rhyme. Generally speaking, it is common that the first sentence of five-character poems does not rhyme, and it is also common that the first sentence of seven-character poems rhymes. For the rules of whether the first sentence rhymes or not, please refer to Table ④ of Pingping.

2. Only bet on rhymes:

It is almost a dead rule that modern poetry can only rhyme. In fact, in the style of modern poetry, it will be very difficult to bet the sound, so the ancients can consciously abide by this rule. There are no counterexamples in memory, so I won't give them here.

3, a rhyme to the end, the middle can not change rhyme. Ancient poetry (ancient style) is allowed to change rhyme halfway, but modern poetry is not allowed.

The rhyme of the first sentence can be borrowed from the adjacent rhyme.

The rhyme of ancient poetry can be mixed with the rhyme of adjacent rhymes, such as one east and two winters, four branches and five micro.

Being together is called rhyme. However, the rhyme of modern poetry must strictly only use homophonic words, even if

There are very few words in this rhyme (called narrow rhyme), so you can't mix words in other rhymes, otherwise it's called rhyme, which is the taboo of modern poetry. But if the first sentence rhymes, you can borrow adjacent rhymes. Because the first sentence can be put or not, you can bend the rules. For example, "Drunk to Send Ba Shen Liu Sou to the Army":

Wine is thirsty for Qingjiang River, and I prefer to wash my stomach.

Soft sand leans on the seat, and Leng Shi wakes up drunk.

Picnics are accompanied by accounts, and Huayin is happy.

Several cups are missing. They have all been sent to Shen Ming.

This song "Ting Xing Ling Ming" consists of nine tones, but the first sentence borrows the word "Qing" from Ba Geng.

This is called borrowing neighboring rhymes, which was popular in the late Tang Dynasty and even formed an atmosphere in the Song Dynasty.

Please refer to Tongzhuan Guyun and 108 Pingshui Yun.

avoid

1, avoid rhyme

That is, the same rhyme word appears repeatedly in the rhyme of a poem, which is a big taboo.

2. Avoid synonyms.

For example, a poem uses "flower", "flower", "fragrance" and "fragrance" at the same time.

Step 3 avoid rhyming

Most ancient poems were written according to the official rhyme, and many words that we thought were homophones were included in different rhymes in the official rhyme, such as "winter" and "east". If you are juxtaposed in the same poem, it is rhyming. This is mainly due to the change of ancient and modern pronunciation, so it is unnecessary to emphasize this point today.

Sing a song with others.

Chorus is to rhyme according to the rhyme used in other people's poems, which is called "harmony rhyme" or "step rhyme" There are three main ways:

1, secondary rhyme: also known as prosody, that is, using the same rhyme words in the original poem, and the order must be the same, which is the most common way.

2, rhyme: that is, use the rhyming words in the original poem, but not necessarily in their order.

3. Rhyme: that is, use words that rhyme with the original poem, but don't have to use its original words.

① Comparison Table of Eighteen Rhymes and Thirteen Rhymes with Mandarin vowels

Eighteen rhymes:

First, the vowels A, ua and ia in Xinhua Dictionary belong to the same rhyme.

The second wave, vowels o and uo.

Three songs, vowel e.

Four are vowels ie, ue.

Five vowels, I (belonging to the initials zh, ch, sh, Z, C, S, different from Qi Qi).

Six, vowel er.

Qiqi, vowel I (belonging to initials B, P, M, F, D, T, N, L, J, Q, X, Y, different from five).

Bawei, vowel ei, ui.

Jiukai, vowel ai, uai.

Aunt Shi, vowel u.

Eleven fish, vowel v.

Twelve Hou, vowel ou, iu.

Room thirteen, vowel ao.

Fourteen cold vowels an, ian and uan.

Fifteen marks, vowels en, in, un, vn.

Sixteen Tang, vowel ang, uang, ang.

Seventeen Geng, vowel eng, ing.

Eighteen holes, vowel ang, ong.

Thirteen tracks are thirteen rhyming parts, namely:

One flower, one hemp and eighteen rhymes.

Two shuttle waves, two waves, three songs and eighteen rhymes.

Triclinic, the fourth of eighteen rhymes.

Four uniforms, eighteen rhymes, five, six, seven.

Five ash piles, eight micro rhymes.

Six Huailai, eighteen rhymes and nine.

Seven gusu, eighteen rhymes and ten gusu.

Eight clothes tyrants, eighteen rhymes and eleven fish.

Nine from seeking, eighteen rhymes and twelve Hou.

Ten remote bars and thirteen houses with eighteen rhymes.

Before eleven characters, fourteen cold and eighteen rhymes.

Twelve ministers, eighteen rhymes and fifteen points.

Thirteen Wang Yang, eighteen rhymes and sixteen Tang Dynasties.

Fourteen Middle East, seventeen Geng and eighteen East Rhymes.

Because the 13-track Qigusu and Bayiba correspond to the rhyme of ten cares and eleven fish, the merger is 13 tracks.

③ Basic laws of modern poetry

Let's look at how to form a complete modern poem in the simplest way.

The basic sentence pattern "every double must be reversed"

The basic sentence patterns of modern poetry are interwoven by two syllables.

The basic sentence patterns of five-character sentences are: flat or flat, such as "Empty Mountain after Rain" and "Moonlight in Pine Woods".

The basic sentence patterns of the seven-character quatrains are: flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, flat, as in the above, "the bonfire invades the barbarian moonlight" and "the mountain clouds are like the chairman carrying the Great Wall from the sea."

The level of the fourth word is opposite to that of the second word, and the sixth word is opposite to that of the fourth word, but each word can be reversed, because the stress falls on even syllables and the singular syllables are relatively unimportant. This is the so-called leveling "no distinction between 135 and 246."

Ping "135 regardless, 246 clear"

When we write poetry, it is difficult to make every sentence completely conform to the basic sentence patterns. It may be possible to write quatrains, but it is almost impossible to write eight or even longer metrical poems. How to be flexible? Then it is necessary to sacrifice unimportant single digits and keep more important two digits and the most important last word. Therefore, there is a formula called "No matter whether one, three, five, two, four and six are distinct", that is to say, the levels of the first, three and five words (only seven words) can be handled flexibly, while the levels of the second, four, six and last words must be strictly observed. This formula is not completely accurate. In some cases, one, three and five must be discussed, and two, four and six may not be clear in some sentence patterns, which we will talk about in detail in the following "difficult sentences". As for the rhyme of the last word, it is

The foot of the sentence rhymes with "the first sentence can be bet or not, and the next sentence must be bet."

The foot of the sentence rhymes "The first sentence can be put or not, and the next sentence must be rhymed."

Except for the first couplet, the first sentence of other couplets cannot rhyme, and must end with a sigh, and the next sentence must rhyme and end with a flat voice. The first sentence can be put or not, and rhymes with a flat voice, and ends with a flat voice if it doesn't rhyme. This is the basic law, but there are actually many rhyming poems. )

The sentence pattern is flat, "antithesis, adjacent sentences stick together, and the beginning and end correspond."

Each pair of a metrical poem is two sentences. The upper sentence and the lower sentence of the same couplet are called antithetical sentences, and the lower sentence of the previous couplet and the upper sentence of the next couplet are called adjacent sentences.

Contradiction: refers to the fact that the upper and lower sentences in the same couplet are flat and opposite, such as the first sentence is flat and the next sentence is flat and flat.

Adjacent sentences stick together: it means that the next sentence of the previous couplet begins with a flat sentence, which is the same as the first sentence of the next couplet. For example, the next sentence of the second couplet of Autumn Night in the Mountains, beginning of autumn is flat and flat in the evening, and the last sentence of the third couplet, the moonlight in its pine forest should also be flat, so it is flat and flat, but because the foot of the sentence must be closed with a flat voice, it becomes sticky.

Correspondence from beginning to end: the first sentence is the same as the last sentence. For example, the first sentence of autumn night in the deep mountains is that the mountains are empty after the rain, flat and even, and the last sentence is when you are here, ah, the prince of friends? , flat and uniform.

Conforming to the above four basic laws is a qualified metrical poem.

But it's not that simple. If you want to know more about its laws, please see Pingping, Rhyme and Dui.

Five laws are equal: the first word and the second word of the first sentence are flat.

The five laws start from the beginning: the first word and the second word of the first sentence are silent.

Seven laws are equal: the second word of the first sentence must be flat.

Starting with the seven laws: the second word of the first sentence must be linked.

Five is definitely equal to the rhyme of the first sentence.

The first sentence doesn't rhyme.

Flat (rhyming)

Fairness and flatness (rhyme)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light.

Fairness and flatness (rhyme)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

The first sentence of the five-element poem rhymes.

The first sentence of these five poems doesn't rhyme.

Fairness and flatness (rhyme)

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light.

Fairness and flatness (rhyme)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light.

Fairness and flatness (rhyme)

The first sentence rhymes with the first sentence.

The first sentence doesn't rhyme.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat Tiles Flat Tiles (rhymes)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light, flat and light.

Flat Tiles Flat Tiles (rhymes)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

The first sentence of this quatrain rhymes.

The first sentence of this quatrain doesn't rhyme.

Flat Tiles Flat Tiles (rhymes)

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light, flat and light.

Flat Tiles Flat Tiles (rhymes)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light, flat and light.

Flat Tiles Flat Tiles (rhymes)

The five laws rhyme with the first sentence.

The first sentence of the five laws doesn't rhyme.

Flat (rhyming)

Fairness and flatness (rhyme)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light.

Fairness and flatness (rhyme)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light.

Fairness and flatness (rhyme)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light.

Fairness and flatness (rhyme)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

The first sentence of the five laws rhymes.

The first sentence of the five laws doesn't rhyme.

Fairness and flatness (rhyme)

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light.

Fairness and flatness (rhyme)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light.

Fairness and flatness (rhyme)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light.

Fairness and flatness (rhyme)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light.

Fairness and flatness (rhyme)

The first sentence of the seven laws rhymes.

The first sentence of the seven laws does not rhyme.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat Tiles Flat Tiles (rhymes)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light, flat and light.

Flat Tiles Flat Tiles (rhymes)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light, flat and light.

Flat Tiles Flat Tiles (rhymes)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light, flat and light.

Flat Tiles Flat Tiles (rhymes)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

The first sentence of the seven laws rhymes.

The first sentence of the seven laws does not rhyme.

Flat Tiles Flat Tiles (rhymes)

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light, flat and light.

Flat Tiles Flat Tiles (rhymes)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light, flat and light.

Flat Tiles Flat Tiles (rhymes)

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light, flat and light.

Very flat, very flat.

Flat (rhyming)

Flat and light, flat and light.

Flat Tiles Flat Tiles (rhymes)

Poetry has rhyme, and there are columns in the house; If the pillar is unstable, the house will collapse. If the rhyme is unstable, the poem is not good. So beginners must know what rhymes should be taught. Let's try to describe them below:

First, stop rhyming.

Custom is also called rhyme.

It doesn't match the meaning of the whole sentence, but it is barely enough. For example, if the word "easy to flow" is "floating" in the Tang poem "Yellow River People Flow", it is rhyming. Beginners are most likely to make this mistake and should be warned.

Second, quit rhyme.

What falls in rhyme is called rhyme. For example, a poem is full of one rhyme, and suddenly the words are full of two rhymes. Although the ancient rhyme of one rhyme and two rhymes can be communicated, it can be used when using various ancient styles. This is rhyme. Scholars should be cautious.

Third, avoid heavy rhyme.

The combination of one word and two meanings is called heavy rhyme.

If the ear is one of the five senses, it is also a language-assisted speech; Doing is the meaning of interference and can also be used as a solution. In a poem, two meanings are sworn together, which also existed in the previous generation, but beginners finally have the right not to commit crimes.

Fourth, quit rhyming.

Those who reverse the rhyme, reverse the meaning and rhyme of the word. For example, in an ancient poem, the phrase "the new book comes before the back" means "before the back", which is called inverted rhyme. However, this word does no harm to the meaning, and it can also be used backwards. If you use words that can't be inverted, such as strong forest trees, you will feel unreasonable.

Fifth, stop using dumb rhyme.

When writing a poem, you should choose a rhyme with a loud voice, and the natural tone is superb. If you use dumb rhyme, not only the words are not right, but also the whole poem is weak because of it.

Sixth, stop using rhymes.

Unique rhyme, also known as dangerous rhyme, is like the * in the first rhyme, which is easy to train. Second, Xiaoyun's Zhao character is far-sighted; Words can only be meaningful, easy to use and easy to make do. However, if there are two words and three words that are classic and sound very suitable for the topic, you might as well take a gamble.

Seventh, stop using synonymous rhymes.

There are numbers synonymous in a rhyme, such as the flower of six hemp, the fragrance of seven yang and the sorrow of eleven especially, all of which have the same meaning. If you put them in a poem, they will be repetitive and disgusting.

8. Avoid rhyming synonyms.

There are real words and function words. For example, a wind word with an eastern rhyme is not regarded as an ironic wind word; Thinking about four rhymes of words is not the meaning of thinking about words. If misused, it will lose rhyme, sticky and other disadvantages. Beginners should be careful.

In "Rhyme", the same word "Rhyme" is put at the end of the sentence, so that it has a sense of harmony in the sound cycle, which is called "Rhyme". Because the rhyming word is placed at the end of the sentence, it is also called "rhyme foot" when rhyming. You can use every sentence (referring to a period, including an exclamation point and a question mark, which is a sentence), rhyme even clauses, or rhyme every other sentence or every few words. This is called rhyme, or "rhythm".

Flat Tiles Flat Tiles (rhymes)