197 1 year, the State Council approved the Report on Doing a Good Job in Family Planning, and included the target of controlling population growth in the national economic development plan for the first time. 1September 25th, 980, the Central Committee of China * * * issued an "Open Letter to all members of party member * * *", which explicitly mentioned "encouraging a couple to have only one child". From 65438 to 0982, the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China decided to implement family planning as a basic national policy of our country. Since the implementation of the family planning policy, the population of China has increased by more than 400 million, which has achieved a historic change in the type of population reproduction ahead of schedule, effectively relieved the pressure of population on resources and environment, and effectively promoted economic development and social progress. The strict implementation of national policies has helped China successfully avoid population out of control, but it has also brought some remarkable changes to China society. One of them is that with the implementation of family planning and the change of family consciousness, the only child has increased, the average family population has gradually decreased, and the family composition has shown a trend of miniaturization. According to the survey of the National Office for Ageing, the average family population in China in 2005 was 1982, 4.4, 1995, 3.7 and 3. 13. In the past 23 years, the average family population has decreased by 1.27, with a decrease rate of about 28%. The miniaturization of urban family structure is more obvious, and this trend is more obvious.

social influence

According to the survey, the population over 60 years old in China has accounted for 10.2% of the total population. According to the current birth policy, by the mid-1930s, the proportion of people over 65 in China will be as high as 23%. At the same time, the one-child generation born after the implementation of the family planning policy in the late 1970s has gradually entered the age of marriage and childbearing, and two children have to support four old people at the same time. With the development of economy and technology, there may even be "842 1" families. According to the population experts' prediction, in the next 10 year, there will be at least tens of millions of "only parents" in "42 1" families, including only children and non-only children, and they will become the mainstream of society. Therefore, the family structure in our country will change. Most of these "only parents" used to be "little emperors", but now they have to become "responsible persons" of the family and society. This "role change" has become a remarkable social phenomenon. On the one hand, the arrival of an aging society, on the other hand, the acceleration of the pace of life in modern society and the increase of work pressure, children will be exhausted for work and family. One of the most important social problems caused by "42 1" family is the pressure of providing for the aged. According to a recent survey of urban residents in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, 35% families have to support four elderly people, and 49% families have to support two or three elderly people. From the point of view of alimony, 35.6% of families spend more than 654.38+0 million yuan every year. It is a common mentality of middle-aged people to worry about the medical insurance system, to actively save money and not to increase consumption expenditure. In view of the "42 1" family problem, experts suggest to establish a public pension service system that conforms to Chinese traditional culture and reflects the socialization of family services, and realize the socialization of pension through laws and regulations.

The concept of marriage and family

After 80s, the only child group entered the marriage and childbearing period one after another. With the advent of aging and the emergence of "42 1" family structure, the concept of spouse selection of the only child is quietly changing around the issue of providing for the elderly. First, when both parties to the marriage and their parents choose the number of children in the other family, the only child falls out of favor. When young people get married or parents choose a spouse for their children, they often think too much about whether the other family is one child or more than two children. If it is a child, two only children get married and need to take care of four old people in the future; Having two more children will reduce the pressure of providing for the aged. Therefore, young people and their parents pay more attention to families with more than two children, especially one-child families, and have stronger requirements for each other with more than two children. Second, when forming a new family, parents of both sides compete for investment, which virtually "pays the bill" for the maintenance obligation. ? In our country, family pension is still the main form of pension, which stems from our special national conditions and traditional "filial piety" culture. Although the aging and the "42 1" family structure of the one-child marriage have brought heavy pressure on family pension, family pension supplemented by social pension still has China characteristics. With the acceleration of aging, we should deeply study the changing trend of contemporary marriage concept and family structure, correctly navigate "42 1 family" at the conceptual level, and strive to build a harmonious family and society.