10 1 Air Assault Division was formerly10/Infantry Division, which was established on July 23rd, 2008. 1August 6, 942, the United States Army was formally established 10 1 Airborne Division. 1July 1968,10/airborne division was renamed as "10 1 air cavalry division". 1August, 969, it was renamed as "No.10/airborne division (mobile)" and became the second air mobile division of the US Army. 1June 1974,10/airborne division (mobile) was renamed as10/air assault division. The division has participated in World War II, Vietnam War and Gulf War. According to the establishment of the US Army in June 5438+0996, the air assault division under 10 1 has three air assault brigades, 1 combat aviation brigade, 1 communication battalion, 1 engineering barracks and 1 anti-aircraft gun barracks. The division is mainly equipped with AH-64 attack helicopter, UH-60 multi-purpose helicopter and CH-47 transport helicopter.
In offensive operations, 10 1 air assault division can advance every 24 hours 150 kilometers, and can maintain this operational speed for 72 to 90 hours. When using the "leapfrog" type airborne assault, the depth of the division's first airborne assault can reach 50-60 kilometers. During the Gulf War, the depth of 10 1 air assault division's two leapfrog assaults exceeded 280 kilometers.
I. Equipment preparation
1 The total number of armored divisions is 16993. It has 1 division headquarters and division headquarters company, 2 armored brigade headquarters and brigade headquarters company (* * * has 6 heavy tanks.
Battalion), 1 Mobile Brigade and Brigade Company (4 mobile battalions under its jurisdiction), 1 Engineering Brigade, 1 Anti-aircraft Artillery Battalion, 1 Military Intelligence Battalion, 1 Communication Battalion, 1 Division Artillery Command (3 650) Division aviation brigade (including two attack helicopter battalions, 65438, the whole division is mainly equipped with 348 MIA 1/A2 fully tracked main battle tanks, 2 16 M2 infantry fighting vehicles, 100 M3 cavalry fighting vehicles, 308 fully tracked armored personnel carriers, 167 tracked command post personnel carriers, and 30. There are 24 UH-60A multi-purpose helicopters, 6 UH-l multi-purpose helicopters, 44 OH-58D observation helicopters, 3 EH-60 electronic warfare helicopters, 144 javelin anti-tank missile launchers, 72 155mm self-propelled howitzers, 24 90mm recoilless guns and 66/KLOC-.
Edit this paragraph II. combat capability
1. In terms of strategic maneuvers, 1 armored division can be quickly delivered by C-5A transport aircraft and C- 14 or1b transport aircraft of military airlift Command. The rest of the division's heavy equipment (348 heavy tanks, 365,438+06 infantry and cavalry fighting vehicles, 308 full-track armored personnel carriers, 72 65,438+055 mm self-propelled howitzers, 9 65,438+02 multi-barrel rockets, etc. ) must be transported by sea or land from the forward deployment area to the crisis area. In order to make the division form combat effectiveness as soon as possible, all the division personnel are airlifted to the war zone at ordinary times, and the preset means of transportation in the war zone and at sea are enabled. During the Gulf War, the division adopted the strategic maneuver mode of air transportation of personnel and sea transportation of equipment, and it took nearly two months to complete the maneuver from the forward deployment area to the Gulf war zone. In terms of tactical maneuverability, the division has more than 5,700 chariots and transport vehicles, 1 and 2 1 helicopters, which have strong tactical maneuverability on the ground and in the air. The ground maneuvering speed is 30 kilometers per hour during the day and 25 kilometers per hour at night. It takes about 2 hours for the whole division to transport the enemy. The maneuvering distance can reach 500 kilometers a day and night in non-combat state, and it can be maneuvered 150 ~ 200 kilometers a day and night in combat state. All the 265,438+06 m2 infantry fighting vehicles, 65,438+000 m3 cavalry fighting vehicles and 308 Mll3 armored personnel carriers of the division have amphibious mobility, which can overcome water obstacles and carry out mobile operations. The maneuvering radius of the two attack helicopter battalions of the aviation brigade of the division can reach 230 kilometers. The division's air assault company is equipped with 15 UH-60 helicopters, which can maneuver one infantry company in the air at a time. The maneuvering speed in the air can reach 200 km/h, and even when flying at a grazing height (7-30 meters), it can reach 150km/h, which is 3-4 times the maneuvering speed of its tanks and mechanized troops, and can cooperate with the division to carry out cascade scale. 2. Firepower (L) Suppression Firepower: The division has three 155mm self-propelled artillery battalions (72 artillery battalions) and 1 multi-barrel rocket launcher battalions (9 artillery battalions), which can provide the division with fire support for nuclear and non-nuclear artillery under various meteorological and topographic conditions. The three howitzer battalions under the division adopt centralized shooting, which can fire 288 shells per minute. Effectively suppress and destroy enemy infantry, armored targets and artillery groups within a depth of 30 kilometers. The suppression effect of multiple rocket launchers 12 rocket launchers is equivalent to that of 1 24 field artillery battalions 155 mm howitzer, with a damage distance of 35 kilometers, which can provide a large area of instantaneous intensive suppression firepower for the division. 1 A volley of rockets is 12 rockets, which can suppress an area of1.2000 square meters, equivalent to the suppression effect of 96 howitzers 1.55 mm. Moreover, the artillery of the division is all crawler-type self-propelled artillery, which has strong maneuverability and can quickly transfer the launching position, so it can carry out a deeper fire attack on enemy targets. Ce 1 Armored Division also has 66 mortars 107mm, which can suppress and damage enemy targets within the range of 0.8 ~ 6.8km with 1 188 rounds per minute. The artillery tactical command system of this division has an operation speed of 8 million instructions per second and can handle 720 fire tasks per hour. Starting from 1994, the Paladin 155mm self-propelled howitzer of this division is equipped with ballistic computer and automatic positioning heading system, and the shooting response time is less than 60 seconds. When necessary, the 44 attack helicopters of the aviation brigade of the division can also use aviation artillery (30 and 20 mm artillery shells * * * 49,000 rounds) and rockets (3,040 pieces) to suppress enemy ground forces. (2) Anti-tank firepower: 1 The anti-tank firepower in the armored division system consists of two parts. One is air anti-tank fire. 1 the armored division has 36 AH-64 attack helicopters and 8 AH- 1 attack helicopters. The airborne "Prison Fire" anti-tank missile has a hit accuracy of 96% and can effectively attack enemy tanks within 7 km. According to US military experiments and Gulf War practice, an AH-64 attack helicopter can attack 16 tanks. According to the viewpoint that the US military "concentrates on using the attack helicopters belonging to the aviation brigade of the division", the attack helicopter battalion can effectively attack. Enemy armor group with depth 100 km. When the battalion adopts the continuous attack mode (1 company attack, the second company supplies ammunition and oil in front, and the third company goes to attack to maintain the continuity of attack), it can attack 384 armored targets at a time. After deducting the war damage coefficient, it can destroy 268 armored targets at a time according to the destruction probability of 70%. In addition, each of the division's 24 UH-60A Black Hawk multi-purpose helicopters can also mount 16 prison fire anti-tank missiles, which also have strong anti-tank capabilities and can be used for anti-tank when necessary. The second is ground anti-tank firepower. 1 the ground anti-tank firepower of armored division is mainly composed of anti-tank firepower of infantry battalion, tank battalion and artillery brigade. 1 armored division's four mechanized infantry battalions are equipped with 144 javelin anti-tank missile launchers and 3 16 bradley vehicle-mounted ceramic anti-tank missile launchers, which have the ability to launch 1380 anti-tank missiles per minute. Both of these anti-tank missiles adopt the guidance technology of "regardless after launch", which has high hit accuracy and great armor-piercing power (the maximum armor-piercing thickness on the front of the "Tao" anti-tank missile is 1030mm). According to the 70% destruction probability, it has the ability to destroy 966 armored targets at one time. The 348 M 1A 1 main battle tank in six tank battalions has strong anti-tank capability, and the 348 120mm tank gun adopts oblique axis armor-piercing projectile, which can effectively destroy enemy armored targets within 3km. The 155mm self-propelled howitzer belonging to the division's artillery brigade can be launched, and the "Copperhead" laser-guided projectile adopts ballistic terminal guidance technology, which can accurately strike enemy tank clusters within 16km. The division's multi-barrel rockets, Saddam Hussein and remote sensing anti-loading submunitions can be fired at one time, and 648 submunitions can be fired to attack armored targets within 35 kilometers. 3. Intelligence electronic warfare capability (1) intelligence reconnaissance capability. 1 the main intelligence and electronic warfare forces of the armored division are the military intelligence battalion (under the jurisdiction of the jamming company, the intelligence surveillance company and the electronic warfare company) and the air cavalry squadron (under the jurisdiction of two air cavalry units). The main intelligence and electronic warfare equipment are 12 OH-58 reconnaissance helicopters, 3 UH-60A special electronic warfare helicopters, 12 ground reconnaissance radar and more than 30 sets of electronic warfare equipment. The Military Intelligence Battalion of this division can directly detect and monitor the enemy situation within the range of 100 km by using long-range technical reconnaissance and throwing remote sensing reconnaissance system, and can send long-range ground reconnaissance to the depth of 300-400 km. The whole division can send 250 ~ 270 reconnaissance troops when attacking, and 170 ~ 180 reconnaissance troops when defending. The electronic equipment of air cavalry reconnaissance squadron below division level is mainly helicopter, with wide frequency band, long distance and high precision. 12 OH-58D light attack and reconnaissance helicopter can independently carry out in-depth reconnaissance tasks, and can quickly conduct aerial reconnaissance, identification and positioning of enemy deployment and C3I facilities in the division's combat area and attention area (i.e., along the line before Party B 150km). The reconnaissance distance of division ground radio technology is 500 kilometers, and the aerial reconnaissance distance of helicopter is 150 kilometers. The helicopter is equipped with millimeter-wave radar, low-light-level television, infrared forward-looking radar, laser detection system and optical photographic reconnaissance device, which can search for targets day and night, provide uninterrupted aerial reconnaissance, surveillance and target search capabilities for the division, and use the airborne target exchange system, the joint tactical information distribution system equipped to the division, the single-channel ground and airborne data secure communication system equipped to the battalion and company, and the positioning report system to quickly process the obtained information. Forty-four OH-58D observation helicopters of an aviation brigade of this division can communicate with UH-60A, AH-64 helicopters, F- 16, A- 10 attack aircraft and artillery tactical fire system of the Air Force by using the airborne target exchange system, and report the real-time target situation. An /TPQ-36 anti-artillery radar, connected with the target search under the artillery division, can detect enemy mortars within 12 km and howitzers or rocket positions within 24 km. (2) Electronic warfare capability. 1 the armored division has three special electronic warfare helicopters (EH-60) and more than 30 sets of various electronic warfare equipment, which can provide the division with VHF interception and jamming capabilities, and can carry out attacks and jamming in the whole operational depth of the division. In the attack, the division's electronic jamming ability can reach: 30 kilometers on the ground; 40 kilometers in the air; Monitor 40-50 radio network and 15 radar regularly. 1 hour, locate 60 ~ 80 shortwave radio coordinates and 24 ~ 30 ground radar coordinates; Jamming suppressed 30 radio networks and 10 ~ 15 radars. Command and communication network and electronic launcher to effectively suppress the enemy's first echelon group. The division also has a strong ability to destroy electronic equipment. Reconnaissance helicopters and attack helicopters of the cavalry squadron under the division are compiled according to the ratio of 12: 8, and combined with target detection technology and precision guidance technology, they have strong ability to destroy entities. 4. Communication Ability The Division has a division-owned communication battalion (including a command combat company, a forward communication company and a communication support combat company), which can provide the division with multi-channel tactical satellite communication terminal services, multi-channel radio communication systems and a mobile user equipment network, covering the entire division and the entire army's combat area (37,500 square kilometers). Provide confidential communication of data, images and voice for about 8 100 users of the division, and ensure the command, control, intelligence, fire support and combat service support of the division. The Division Communication Battalion can provide six FM radio stations for the Division to expand the Division's operational activities and information network, and can also provide limited motorcycle communication services for the Division Headquarters and the Division's subordinate headquarters. 5. Air defense capability 1 Armored Division has a strong air defense and self-defense capability, which is manifested in three aspects: First, the division's air defense artillery barracks are equipped with 36 Avengers self-defense missile systems, which can be launched while moving, with all-round attack and "ignore after launch". The ability, plus 24 improved Vulcan anti-aircraft guns belonging to the division's air defense battalion (the rate of fire is 3000 rounds per minute, Automatic search) With the cooperation of the warning radar in front of the division and the OH-58D reconnaissance helicopter of the cavalry squadron of the division, it can effectively attack the incoming enemy planes at low altitude (1.2-3.8km) in the division's combat area, covering the air safety of the main combat formations of the division. Second, 36 Apache attack helicopters and 24 Green Black Hawk multi-purpose helicopters of the aviation brigade of the division can mount 4-8 Stinger air-to-air missiles, which have certain air defense and self-defense capabilities. Third, the six tank battalions of the division have 348 M 1A 1 main battle tanks, equipped with 696 anti-aircraft guns, which have certain defense capabilities against low-altitude enemy planes and helicopters. 6. Anti-chemical ability This division belongs to the anti-chemical company, and has a nuclear and biochemical detachment, four decontamination rows and 1 smoke row, which can complete the nuclear and biochemical reconnaissance, decontamination and smoke production tasks of this division. The whole division 12 equipment decontamination station can decontaminate 48 tactical vehicles in 1 hour. The first-level detachment of the whole division company is equipped with M8A 1 chemical automatic alarm, M256 chemical detector, personal protective equipment and other complete sets of equipment for detecting and preventing toxic pollution. All the main battle tanks and infantry fighting vehicles of the division are equipped with perfect three-prevention systems. Under nuclear and biochemical conditions, passengers can continue to fight without wearing protective clothing. Other combat vehicles are equipped with MLL/ 13 poison eliminators, and all individual soldiers are equipped with miniature poison alarms, which are only the size of a cigarette case and can alarm all nerve agents, erosive agents and systemic agents. In addition, the equipped individual M25A 1 disinfection device can protect the situation of Grade 4. According to the need, the smoke screen row of the division chemical company can make a 2 km wide smoke screen protection belt in the motor area. 7. The Engineering Support Capability Division consists of three engineering battalions and several engineering detachments. Relying on the division's own engineering strength, the division's combat engineering support, maneuver and anti-maneuver tasks can be completed. Quickly build and maintain the main combat roads, blocked positions, access roads and main bridges in the division's combat area. Using MAB self-propelled pontoon bridge, the division's bridge-attacking team can quickly erect four Caodumen bridges with a load of 60 tons on the river surface of 144 meters. HAB heavy impact bridge using M 1 main battle tank chassis can quickly erect a portal bridge with a span of 32 meters and a load of 70 tons under enemy fire, so as to ensure that tank armored fighting vehicles can cross obstacles such as trenches, and the erection and withdrawal time is only 3 ~ 10 minutes. The engineering brigade is equipped with 24 90 mm guns, which can help the division to break obstacles in enemy-built areas. During the attack, each tank battalion or machine battalion of the division, with the support of 1 engineer platoon, opens a120m passage in the minefield through mechanical operation (tank sweeping plough/soil sweeping roller), which only takes 10 minutes. In defense, this division 1 engineering company can build 1 ~ 1.4m anti-tank trench within 24 hours. The division is equipped with 18 "volcano" mine laying system. For example, six UH-60A multi-purpose helicopters are used to quickly lay temporary minefields, and three flights can lay 18 standard minefields (1 helicopter sorties can lay 300m × X200 mixed minefields). The basic carrying capacity of three 24 artillery battalions of this division includes 15 high-density minefields and 57 low-density minefields. It takes only 1 minute to set up a high-density minefield at L, and the multi-barrel rocket launcher company established by the division can quickly project a remote-controlled anti-armor minefield with a projection distance of 40 kilometers. A rocket launcher can deploy an anti-armor minefield consisting of 336 AT-2 anti-tank mines at a time, so as to stop enemy tank forces in the frontier area, delay and kill the enemy. 8. Night combat capability _ 1 The armored division is equipped with 4983 sets of various night vision systems. All the main battle tanks, self-propelled artillery, chariots and helicopters of the division are equipped with night detection and aiming systems. The PNNS night vision system of Apache attack helicopter detects tanks at night with a detection distance of 12km and a recognition distance of 7km. The M 1A 1 main battle tanks of six tank battalions of the division's armored brigade adopted new panoramic imaging observation instruments and thermal imaging sights, which greatly improved the ability of maneuvering and detecting attack targets at night. Some M 1A2 main battle tanks modified after 1994 are equipped with "Commander's Independent Thermal Imaging Observatory" and the driver's thermal imager. Passive infrared technology is adopted, which makes it more difficult for the enemy to find them, and the night action is more concealed. The observation and command system of M2 "bradley" series chariots in four infantry battalions of this division is equipped with day and night observation instrument and infrared thermal imaging system. AN/TAS-4 thermal imaging sight equipped with 3 16 vehicle-mounted "Tao" anti-tank missile launching system can detect and aim at armored targets of 2-6 kilometers at night. Because of its strong night fighting ability, the US military believes that armored divisions can continuously fight day and night to carry out high-speed assault, and the best attack time is at night. 9. Logistics Support Capability 1 Division-level logistics support for armored divisions is provided by three forward support battalions under the Division Support Commander, 1 Maintenance Support Battalion and 1 Transport Aircraft Maintenance Company. Each forward support battalion has two tank system support teams and two pace system support teams respectively. Each battalion can support at most two tank battalions and two mobile battalions at the same time, provide technical assistance for nine types of materials and equipment, and carry out intermediate frontier maintenance for communication and ground missile equipment in the forward brigade support area. Division Support Command * * * owns 1 0,223 trucks, trailers and tanker trailers of various tonnages, which can transport 1 0,660,500 pounds of equipment. The automobile transportation company under the division's support battalion can provide 5-22.5 tons of trucks and trailers 138 vehicles a day, and deliver 1 102 tons at a time. 18 truck is equipped with a 60-ton trailer, which can transport 445 tons of combat materials and 18 medium-sized tanks at one time. The supply service company under the support battalion can receive, temporarily store and distribute 35.58 tons of Class I materials, 52.7 1 ton of Class II materials, 9.34 tons of Class III materials, 20.07 tons of Class IV materials, 23.97 tons of Class VII materials except airplanes, and 2 1.76 tons of engineering and building materials within the division, and deliver them from the army every day. There are five water supply points in the division and brigade support area, which can store 30,000 gallons of water and transport 654.38+200,000 gallons of water twice a day. It can store and deliver 302,600 gallons of gasoline every day, and vehicles that deliver 75% fuel deliver197,200 gallons of gasoline twice a day. The company has established five field water supply stations, which can supply more than 60 cubic meters of water to the troops day and night. 1 heavy maintenance company and 1 light maintenance company under the division maintenance support battalion can provide medium repair and maintenance of various equipment for divisions not supported by the three front support battalions. The missile support company under the maintenance support battalion can provide on-site maintenance for the division's short-range air defense missile system, anti-tank missile and multi-barrel rocket launcher system. The transport aircraft maintenance company directly under the Division Support Command can provide aviation maintenance, flight control equipment maintenance, emergency repair and evacuation for all types of helicopters of the Division Aviation Brigade. The medical branches under the division's maintenance and support camp are connected one after another, which can provide division-level health service support and provide receiving and treatment equipment for all kinds of wounded and sick people sent down by the health company in the rear defense area of the division and the travel area. Provide 160 sets of placement equipment for the sick and wounded who do not need to be hospitalized and can return to their posts within 96 hours. Can provide medical support for the team action in the division support area. 10. Comprehensive offensive and defensive capabilities (1) offensive and operational capabilities. 1 when the armored division reaches the first-class equipment level, it can carry out offensive operations under various conditions, especially suitable for breakthrough, deep attack and pursuit tasks. When serving as the main attack direction in the formation of troops, the frontal attack can reach 25 ~ 30 kilometers; When serving as an auxiliary direction, the offensive front can reach 40 kilometers; When attacking a defensive enemy, the width of the division's breakthrough section is 6 ~ 8 kilometers; The breakthrough area of the enemy's hasty defense can reach 10 km. The attack depth can reach more than 60 kilometers, and one armored or infantry regiment can be destroyed at a time. In the ground attack of the Gulf War, the division's attack depth reached more than 200 kilometers, and the attack speed reached 80 kilometers day and night. (2) defensive combat capability. In the defensive campaign, 1 armored division can defend the defensive zone with a front of 30 ~ 60 kilometers and a depth of 50 ~ 70 kilometers within the formation of the army to resist the enemy's attack. By guarding important places, mobile defense, and using air mobile task forces, the offensive actions of the enemy group army were delayed and crushed by surprise attacks and ground ambushes. 1 armored division can also be used as the reserve of the army in defense, using its fast maneuverability and powerful armored assault force. Counterattack the enemy trapped in the fortifications. This division is suitable as a cover force in the retreat.
Edit the third paragraph. Limitations of operational capability
1. The heavy equipment of this division is large in quantity and volume, so it is impossible to carry out large-scale air transportation, so it is impossible to form a rapid strategic maneuver of the whole division. During the Gulf War, all the heavy equipment of the division was transported from Germany to Saudi Arabia, which lasted nearly two months. When heavy equipment and personnel are delivered separately, it is necessary to take time to make necessary preparations after arriving in the war zone, which will affect the combat effectiveness at the initial stage of the operation. 2. The division's main battle tanks and chariots have limited combat capability in dense forests, mountains and water network obstacles, and are not suitable for fighting in urbanized terrain. 3. The transportation capacity within the division system is limited, and it is difficult to ensure the huge loss of combat materials. 1 armored division consumes 600,000 gallons of fuel every day, and at least 12o trains are needed for transportation. However, the transportation capacity in the division system can only ensure the transportation of several kinds of materials between the division logistics area and the brigade logistics area, and it also needs additional transportation support from the army. When attacking, it is often difficult for logistics support vehicles to keep up with the maneuvering speed of tanks and infantry fighting vehicles, which affects the follow-up support and sustained combat capability. 4. The air assault helicopter (UH-60A) of the aviation brigade of the Division is limited, and at most one helicopter is connected in the air at a time, which relatively limits the tactical flexibility of the Division in the three-dimensional use of troops, so that the scale and duration of the independent deep-dive operation are limited, and it needs the cooperation of heavy ground forces as soon as possible. 5. The infantry fighting vehicles of the four infantry battalions of the division's infantry brigade are not equipped with air defense weapons, so the air defense capability of the division's infantry brigade is weak.