Globalization inevitably means the participation of more regions and fields in the world. After Europe and America, the entry of Asian countries means the formal formation of real and comprehensive globalization.

In the previous stage, Europe and the United States have begun the attempt and construction of globalization. At this stage, Asian countries are further involved. Among them, two points are very important:

First, China's accession. As the latest big country to join the globalization, China has made the globalization form the final closed loop, and China's joining has also accelerated the process of globalization and further changed the trend of globalization. Second, the crisis in the United States. It can be said that it is China's joining that makes the United States feel the crisis of globalization and its disadvantages, and this sense of crisis is further transmitted to European and American countries. Finally, while Asian countries, especially China, warmly embraced globalization, anti-globalization appeared in European and American countries.

In the third wave of globalization, Asian countries that play an important role in globalization are participating in it one after another. First of all, Japan followed the footsteps of the United States and quickly entered the state of globalization after World War II, so it was also the first Asian country to participate in the globalization process, followed by South Korea and finally China.

The rapid participation of Asian countries in the process of globalization is reflected in: first, deep participation in global transportation; Second, correctly formulate and implement global trade policies.

With regard to global transportation, Asian countries mainly participate in the manufacture of vehicles, mainly in shipbuilding. After World War II, Japan took shipbuilding as its core industry and specialized in building oil tankers. Soon, it surpassed Europe, and its output was twice that of Europe and America. South Korea immediately joined the shipbuilding industry at all costs, and with the support of the government, it has the strength to compete with European and Japanese rivals. In 2006, China took shipbuilding as a "strategic industry" and quickly occupied the dominant position in the bulk carrier market.

As for global trade, the successful accession of these three Asian countries is directly related to the government's trade policy, or the accession of these three countries to globalization is under the leadership of the government, in which a large number of government subsidies play a key role. Japan has adopted the import substitution strategy, and South Korea has learned more from Japan's experience than any other country. As for China, it actively carried out reform and opening up at home, actively applied for joining GATT and WTO, and most importantly, it finally rose to be an economic power through a large amount of government subsidies.

Participate in the global field, connect the global transportation industry and stimulate global trade. These are the three basic characteristics of globalization. The more fields, the wider contacts, the stronger stimulation and the deeper globalization. When these three conditions are met, a brand-new production mode appears, that is, production based on value chain. These four characteristics are the main signs of globalization, which also means the real formation of the closed loop of globalization and the beginning of all-round globalization.

So, what are the characteristics of the value chain?

First, the origin is uncertain. The global production chain allows the production of a product to be distributed around the world, such as an Apple mobile phone, which is designed in the United States and developed in Europe and Asia. After the successful development, the American employer transferred the ownership of the design to the Irish subsidiary at a nominal fee, and the Irish subsidiary outsourced the manufacturing to the manufacturers in Taiwan Province Province who set up factories in Chinese mainland, and the latter ordered display screens, chips, cameras and headphones from Japan, South Korea, Germany and the United States respectively. After the finished product is completed, it will be shipped to the United States. Finally, this mobile phone will be sold around the world under the brand of this company. How to mark the origin of this mobile phone? Therefore, it is difficult to define the origin, which is a remarkable feature of globalization.

Second, light asset characteristics. Manufacturers don't have to set up companies. Only responsible for design and sales, the rest to the subcontractors. Every company in the value chain gathers together for value, and the biggest economic benefit of the value chain is specialization. In order to maximize profits, each company often only produces a certain type of products for the market.

Third, emphasize the value-added function. The added value is the value brought by other functions besides the basic function of the product, which can bring additional utility to consumers. Other functions, such as buying a mobile phone, not only consider the use, but also consider the design and after-sales service. These aspects, which are not directly related to the use function of products, pay more attention to perceptual experience and are more closely related to people's emotions. Maybe because I like the appearance, maybe because of after-sales service. The value created by appearance and after-sale is the value created outside the product's use function, or the added value of the product's use value, so it is also called added value. With the deepening of globalization, both consumers and manufacturers pay more attention to the added value of products. The profits created by added value for enterprises are immeasurable, often many times higher than the practical value of products.

At the same time, because of the emergence of added value, traditional statistical methods and data, such as import and export volume, such as tax and trade surplus deficit, have failed.

Fourth, the form of production outsourcing. In order to slim down, enterprises often outsource production to specialized companies all over the world in the value chain. Outsourcing has also become a prominent feature of global production.

However, the problem of outsourcing is that enterprises know very little about branching, and once there is a problem with branching, it will affect the economic income and reputation of enterprises.

Therefore, the value chain is not foolproof, and it may also hurt globalization while realizing it. In other words, the production of value chain has two sides, and once there is a problem, the consequences will be very serious. Shortly after China joined the globalization, there was a crisis in the value chain-the global financial crisis in 2007.

This financial crisis began with the American subprime mortgage crisis, followed by the European debt crisis, which had an unprecedented impact on global international trade and international transportation. It directly leads to the collapse of international trade and the simultaneous rupture of global value chains. Every cancellation of an order will lead to the cancellation of more than a dozen scheduled international transactions. And directly lead to the chaos of the international transportation system.

In this economic crisis, China has been pushed to the forefront. Studies in Europe and the United States show that the rise of China has had an impact on the rich economies in Europe and the United States. For example, a Norwegian study found that there is a strong correlation between imports from China and manufacturing losses. The research also shows that the rise of China has had an impact on underdeveloped countries. People think that the more goods China exports, the less labor-intensive industries in these countries can create. In short, the rise of China has had a negative impact on other parts of the world.

It is in this situation that anti-globalization voices have emerged in Europe and America.

In short, no matter who the culprit is, the view that globalization is destroying stability and high-paying employment and destroying the social security system is constantly fermenting.

Anti-globalization first appeared in the political field. Two events can illustrate this situation: 20 17 French presidential election "a brand-new dividing line, the opposing sides are that you are no longer left and right, but patriots and globalists." British Prime Minister theresa may "talks about the further development of globalization will make people feel scared."