Dada movement is the product of the First World War. In this war that swept across Europe, Switzerland became the best refuge because of its founding status, and accepted many young people from the cultural and ideological circles who fled the war. 19 16 In February, Voltaire Hotel Zurich, Switzerland held a unique night of music, drama, poetry reading and plastic arts exhibition. At the party, a paper-cutter happened to point out the term "Dada" in a French-German dictionary, which became synonymous with all their activities. Dada, a cynical and accidental word, soon became famous-it became the label of the movement closely related to destruction, madness, nihilism and cynicism.
The war made people produce more * * * voices ideologically and emotionally, so almost at the same time, the Dada Movement appeared in new york and Paris. In new york, the man of the hour in Dada is Duchamp and Bikabia; In Berlin, Germany, the core of Dada is Hulson Baker; In Paris, Dadaism is dominant in the literary world, and its main force is Aragon, Braden and others. In addition, Dada Movement also took place in Cologne, Hanover and other places. The scope of Dada has expanded to all countries in the world, but its organization is decentralized. Like those countless declarations, Dada showed confusion and shock. Generally speaking, anarchism and nihilism challenge and attack all art forms with various satirical techniques and even pranks. It comes from chaos and is committed to creating chaos. While destroying everything, it also completed its historical mission-breaking the boundaries between finished products and works of art, creators and appreciators, and art and life. Since 1922, the internal differences of Dadaism have become increasingly obvious. 1923, Dada announced its disintegration, fulfilling their own prediction that "Dada will also destroy itself".
Among many organizations of Dadaism, new york Dada is remarkable because of the existence of marcel duchamp. Duchamp 1887 was born in a warm family in Blainville, France. Four of the six brothers and sisters devote themselves to the visual arts. I worked as a librarian in my early years and received short-term painting training. From 1906 to 19 12, he tried various styles such as impressionism, fauvism and cubism. 19 12 He became famous for his work "The Naked Woman Down the stairs", which triggered the demand for painting. But Duchamp is not interested in this. He said, "No, thanks, I prefer freedom." 19 15 years, he came to new york and became the elite of new york Dada together with Bikabia. In fact, Duchamp showed obvious Dada spirit long before the name Dada appeared. His works are always unique, bold and full of fantasy. He used non-traditional materials such as tin foil, lead wire, oil painting pigments, powder and brand-new techniques to create, and also made sculptures with finished products such as bicycle wheels, shovels and combs, and even made the finished products directly into works. In 19 17, he sent the urinal with the name of R Mutt to the new york Independent Artists Association for an exhibition called "Spring". This novelty makes people feel that the joke has gone too far and was rejected by the avant-garde organizing Committee.
As famous as the fountain, the pranksters are the Mona Lisa with a beard that he made after returning to France in 19 19. In Leonardo da Vinci's world-famous color copy of Mona Lisa, he used a pencil to add moustaches with different styles to the beauty. As a result, the mysterious smile of the beauty disappeared immediately, and the picture suddenly became strange and absurd. L.H.O.O.Q is the most famous Mona Lisa with a beard. L.H.O.O.Q is a French homonym for speed reading, which means the image of the picture is lewd and dirty. Here, Duchamp takes the classic works of Leonardo da Vinci as the object of public ridicule, showing his real contempt for tradition and disregard for constraints. He pushed anti-art to the extreme, which gave new inspiration to the later art movement.
For surrealists, Duchamp is a very attractive figure. His "gesture" also has the significance of surrealism ... showing the thoughts of later surrealists. From an artistic point of view, surrealists have hardly surpassed this idea. "Dadaxin's visual art field has become the most direct source of surrealist art.