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Development of Microwave Atmospheric Remote Sensing in China
The development of remote sensing in China began in the early 1970s (20th century), and microwave remote sensing was a little later. So far, microwave atmospheric remote sensing has gone through three stages. At first, it was introduced to China under the learning of others. This stage was probably in the mid-1970s (20th century), when microwave atmospheric remote sensing was widely publicized and a report was written to the Central Committee. China should develop (remote sensing technology) later than others, probably. It will take a long time for microwave atmospheric remote sensing to enter its own ability to do scientific research and develop its technical system, and the country has officially included this plan in the fifth five-year plan, so microwave atmospheric remote sensing 65 75 85 95 (plan) is now included in the tenth five-year plan, and this content is included in every five-year scientific and technological research plan. Third, microwave atmospheric remote sensing has not only done this work on the ground and in space, but has also been put on satellites. Until now, meteorological satellites, ocean satellites and unmanned spacecraft launched by Shenzhou have this remote sensor. The microwave remote sensor is not in the sky, and soon, there will be microwave remote sensors in Shenzhou series, which are two series developed in China. The following can be said one by one, so when it comes to remote sensing, we should use the same method to detect the characteristics of the target on the ground, because after taking pictures, we have to judge (break) what it is, so the corresponding measurement on the ground is the characteristics of various features, so there are many measurements, such as measuring crops, rice, sorghum, ice and snow. This is to measure the ocean. After mastering this, it is necessary to establish a mathematical model. Judging from this thing, this is the first domestic airborne scatterometer in our country, this is an airborne altimeter, this is an antenna, and this is the field measurement of microwave atmospheric remote sensing on crops. The purpose is to master its characteristics. If you can't master this characteristic, the output estimation will be very poor. The growth of crops is different in different periods and stages. What are the characteristics of the remote sensor? Relating to chlorophyll or water. Fertilizer-related, this is the peach tree forest outside Beijing. The output of peach trees that year was measured by a big crane. The one on the right is measuring rice in Hunan. At that time, the car couldn't get in and the road was muddy, so local farmers set up this platform and put instruments on it to measure. Here are all kinds of instruments made in China so far.

Microwave atmospheric remote sensing has done so much work. What aspects of microwave atmospheric remote sensing should be done internationally now? The development of remote sensors is more integrated and modular, and the other is miniaturization, because you may have heard that the current satellites are all tons, and the tons of satellites are very large. Recently, tens of kilograms, 100 kilograms, 500 kilograms of small satellites and even tens of grams of nano-satellites are being developed. However, nanosatellites can't do this job, but small satellites over 50 kilograms can, so the satellite becomes very small, so the cycle of launching satellites can be launched in one or two years, unlike the previous launches, which are usually more than five years. The satellite should be small and the instruments on it should be small, so (this is) the miniaturization of microwave atmospheric remote sensing. This is what America did recently, February 2006, 5438+0. Three-dimensional images can be given at one time, which is very successful. Its high-level accuracy (announced by the United States) has achieved 10 meter, but actually it has achieved 4 meters. The analysis results show that it covers the whole world, so how can China develop?

Microwave atmospheric remote sensing has developed a lot, but it is still far from abroad, and China is now vigorously promoting it. China has several principles. The first principle is that China is a developing country, and China's national strength is limited, which can't compare with China's economic strength, but I have to do it, so I must concentrate on it, so I can't have what he has. The second principle is that our national economic development needs space remote sensing, so we should develop such work. So development must be developed, although there is no money. Third, the development of microwave atmospheric remote sensing cannot follow others step by step, so the leap-forward development (abroad) is step by step. After we finished the first step, we jumped down from here and suddenly reached the front line. We have done this, so after several years, we are close to (advanced foreign level) at some level. It is still the first in Asia, the United States, Russia, ESA and ESA are similar to us, Japan is not as good as us, and India is not as good as us. At least so far, the first thing we have to do is to improve the existing remote sensing technology, which is the first thing we have to do, and the second thing is to expand our frequency. As I said just now, China now has a frequency of 8 mm, which can reach the sky. But this thing is far worse than others. How much has the United States done? It has reached 400 G, that is, it has reached submillimeter, a few tenths of millimeter, and we are 8 mm, which is an order of magnitude worse. Some western European countries have already achieved about 0.5 mm, so now we are in China, so we should also do this. At the beginning of this century, we will reach 400 G, which is about 0.8 mm before 2005, and then more and more. It is estimated that it will take about ten years, which is similar to the advanced level abroad. As I said just now, the fourth is to strengthen basic research, which can't keep up and your new technology can't get out. It is difficult for you to make a breakthrough and catch up with the United States. The following is applied research. We have so many things, how to apply them, because users need training. So far, some users can only read pictures.

What China is doing now is a multi-mode remote sensor, which will go to heaven soon, an advanced modular remote sensor, and four-dimensional imaging and synthetic aperture radar. We are about to launch Ocean II satellite. So far, Fengyun series satellites only have infrared, but there is no microwave, which is absolutely impossible, so we have set up a project and are doing it. I estimate that in about five years, our ocean satellite and our meteorological satellite will already have microwaves, so (and) it can be compared internationally, and there is also the exploration of the moon. In this respect, we will prepare to use microwaves and new knowledge, called space virtual remote sensing. This is a multi-modal remote sensor, and this one here is part of the remote sensor satellite that is about to go to heaven. This is a (Shenzhou) series, and will be launched next time. I am the chief engineer of this system. We in China have broken through the zero zero breakthrough. At this level, we have two more items than the United States. Here, this is the instrument that researchers are adjusting to the sky now, so advanced modularity is like this, because just now, all three modes of things are here, but sometimes, not all three are needed. What should we do? Just make it into a module, which one should be used, that is, President Jiang and others visited this module last year. This is our own intellectual property, and we have a patented invention, three-dimensional imaging altimeter. So far, there is no such thing in the world. Our disposable, relatively small thing, once imaged, is a three-dimensional map, unlike the United States, which only stretches more than 60 meters. That thing (America) can do it, but we can't. We don't have that. We may do better than others. This is our first test flight in April this year. This picture doesn't seem very good. We flew this plane at Yanliang Airport in Shaanxi, and xi 'an (Flight Test Institute) helped us fly it. It flies well, but this image is not very good there. The attitude of the plane is unstable. This kind of three-dimensional imaging and stereoscopic imaging requires a very stable posture, but therefore we declare that we have succeeded. This is an interferogram. This is an interferogram. With the interferogram, it can appear in three-dimensional form and can be further processed. At the bottom, we call it synthetic aperture radiometer. Internationally (now) the United States has it, Denmark has it, and so do we. What do you mean? As I just said, there is a passive one. Its function is very simple, there is no reflector. It's simple, but this resolution is poor. It can improve its resolution. This was also a success before it was completed on the ground. This is the problem of rising frequency. As I said just now, this one flies behind the mountain and also in Yan (Shaanxi). This is a remote sensing map of the Weihe River of the Yellow River obtained in Yan (Shaanxi), which is called "Flying Yellow". I will spend ten years developing it into a real application. What do you mean? Now many of our instruments are getting bigger and bigger. In order to improve its accuracy and resolution, it is a bit difficult to get on the satellite. What should I do? Now I put it on different satellites, and then it's virtual imaging. As we all know, we use it a lot in movies. Two people are playing volleyball there, right next to this room. There is a beach behind this room out of thin air. It seems very lively. Just like playing volleyball on the beach, this virtual technology is used in space. So the United States is also studying, and we are also studying. We hope to keep pace with the United States on this issue, but he is rich, and he is definitely a little faster than us, but at least we won't lag behind others for more than ten years, so if we succeed this time, it will not only be in space. In the future, we must observe very distant planets. As we all know, what Hubble sees is something 150 light years away. If I image in a virtual way, my machine will be stretched very, very long, hundreds of kilometers and thousands of kilometers. If we look at this planet again, the resolution will be very high, and we will see it far away. Therefore, this technology is very promising. Now we are vigorously developing this problem.