(1) Insufficient food intake: insufficient food supply due to famine or other reasons; Dietary imbalance caused by monotonous food varieties and partial eclipse.
(2) Increased demand: The reasons for increased demand can be divided into congenital defects and acquired factors. Acquired defects are caused by specific enzyme defects. Acquired factors, such as the obvious increase of human demand for various nutrients during growth and development; Consumption caused by diseases increases or affects digestion and absorption; Malnutrition caused by drugs; The principle that environmental factors lead to increased demand. Second, symptoms
Malnutrition is a syndrome of nutritional deficiency, which is common in various chronic diseases and can have different manifestations. Malnutrition must be analyzed according to the specific condition to judge the lack of nutrients. For example, protein deficiency, its symptoms are fatigue, lack of interest in various activities, sitting still, inefficiency in study and work, emaciation, subcutaneous fat atrophy, skin relaxation, edema, polyuria, circulatory and digestive system symptoms, metabolic disorders, anemia and so on. Third, diagnosis
It is not difficult to diagnose malnutrition according to the patient's appearance and various manifestations.
(a) before and after the onset of emaciation and weight loss, and observe whether there is edema.
(2) The labor force has been slightly reduced or even completely lost.
(3) serious floating seeds and serious cachexia.
(4) The plasma protein concentration in mild cases is normal or only slightly decreased, while that in severe cases is obviously decreased. Fourth, prevention and control
It is also important to pay attention to the collocation of various nutrients for the prevention and treatment of various diseases that cause malnutrition. According to the degree of malnutrition, treat them separately.
(a) mild cases without gastrointestinal dysfunction, can be given a high protein, high calorie diet or soft food, with multiple meals as appropriate.
(2) Severe patients should try to use liquid or digestible food at the initial stage of treatment, and give foods rich in vitamins or drugs such as vitamin B during treatment. Other auxiliary treatments, such as intramuscular injection of norbornyl propionate 25 mg twice a week, were given a high protein diet.