China is the origin of adzuki beans. So far, there are wild and semi-wild adzuki bean varieties in the Himalayan foothills of China. Indian, Korean, Japanese and other countries also have cultivation, and China produces the most. Adzuki bean has a long history of cultivation in China. In the ancient medical book Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, there are medical books about adzuki beans. The cultivation method and utilization technology of adzuki bean are recorded in detail in the ancient agricultural book Qi Yao Min Shu. This shows that adzuki beans have been planted in China for at least 2000 years. China is the origin of adzuki beans. So far, there are wild and semi-wild adzuki bean varieties in the Himalayan foothills of China. Indian, Korean, Japanese and other countries also have cultivation, and China produces the most. Adzuki bean has a long history of cultivation in China. In the ancient medical book Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, there are medical books about adzuki beans. The cultivation method and utilization technology of adzuki bean are recorded in detail in the ancient agricultural book Qi Yao Min Shu. This shows that adzuki beans have been planted in China for at least 2000 years.
Adzuki bean belongs to Leguminosae, Phaseolus and Panicum. The taproot is undeveloped, the lateral root is slender, the plant height is 80 ~ 100 cm, and there are erect tufted type, semi-creeping type and creeping winding type. A leaf is a compound leaf composed of three leaflets. Leaflets with round heads or sword heads. Pedicels grow in the axils of leaves, and several flowers grow at the top of pedicels, which are self-pollinating crops. The flowers are small, yellow or light gray, and the keel is spiral. Each pedicel bears 1 ~ 5 pods, the pod length is 7 ~ 16 cm, and 4 ~ 18 oval or oblong seeds are wrapped in the pod. Seeds are mostly reddish brown, but there are also black, gray, white, green and light yellow. 1000-grain weight is 50 ~ 2 10g, and most of them are zuoshi 130g.
Adzuki bean is very adaptable. The soil requirement is not high, it is barren-resistant, clay and sand can grow, and it can be planted in Sichuan and mountainous areas. Both waterlogging and drought tolerance, late planting and early maturity, short growth period and simple cultivation techniques can be used as supplementary crops. General hole sowing, row spacing of 25-35 cm, plant spacing 16cm, 4-5 seeds per hole, sowing amount per mu1.5-2.5 kg, growth period 100 days or so, can be sown in spring and summer, pure propagation and interplanting. Average yield per mu150 ~ 250kg. Northern Shaanxi has a semi-arid climate with a frost-free period of about 165 days. The soil belongs to loessial soil, with loose soil and deep soil layer, which is beneficial to seed germination, seedling emergence and root growth. The annual average temperature is 9.7℃, the effective accumulated temperature is 3499.2℃≥ 10℃, and the days of passing through 10℃ are about 176 days. The annual sunshine hours are 26 15 hours; The annual precipitation is about 480 mm, mostly concentrated in midsummer. The precipitation from June to September is 352 mm, accounting for 73% of the annual precipitation. It is rainy and hot in the same season. June-September is the peak period of adzuki bean growth. Natural conditions are extremely favorable for adzuki bean crops to accumulate starch and protein, and keep the particles bright red, which creates good conditions for their growth and development.
Adzuki bean is not only delicious food, but also a panacea for doctors. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica says, "It is mainly used to treat edema and expel carbuncle, swelling and pus and blood". The theory of medicinal materia medica can "cure heat toxin and disperse evil blood" "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that adzuki bean is "sweet in taste, flat in nature, non-toxic, with edema, abscess and pus, cold and heat, diarrhea, urine, toxic heat, blood stasis, anxiety and spleen and stomach. ..... "Doctors believe that it has special effects on carbuncle swelling through clinical practice. For example, Zhu's prescription said, "This medicine can cure all carbuncle, sore, scab and redness, regardless of good or evil, but it will not heal if it is mixed with water." Modern medicine also found that adzuki bean has obvious inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhi.
In the old society, when some doctors used it as medicine to treat diseases, they often put on a mysterious coat in front of patients. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Wang Ang, a medical scientist, wrote in Compendium of Materia Medica: "Song Renzong suffered from mumps, which was praised by Taoist priests. He took 49 red beans (70 in Compendium of Materia Medica) to curse and cured them with other medicines. China aristocrat Ren Liangcheng witnessed it. Later, he got a bad sore, and Fu Yong took medicine to cure it. Q: Red beans, too? Cheng Liang began to realize the curse and fallacy of Taoism. After crossing Zhang Yu, he saw that the treatment of melancholia gangrene was very successful. Ren said, is it red beans? Surprised, the doctor bowed down and said,' I hope I will live with this for more than 30 months and never announce it again.' It can be seen that external use of red beans is a good medicine for treating mumps, malignant sores and gangrene. There are many records about the magical curative effect of adzuki bean in ancient medical books, some of which are almost mysterious, but they show its high medicinal value and wide curative effect.
Red beans were taken orally and externally, and no side effects were found. Chinese medicine tips: "Too much body fluid is boring". Visible, when using, also want to have a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts.
Adzuki bean ranks first in the economic value of whole grains, so it has the reputation of "golden bean" and has a high export exchange rate, which is a hot commodity in the international market.