Jian Huang

As the core concept of China's leisure culture, "Harmony" embodies the ideal pursuit of China's leisure culture of "harmony between man and nature", "harmony in mind" and "harmony in form". Putting "harmony" into the practice of leisure culture will make leisure truly become a transcendent life form and a way to improve the quality of life in secular life. Its essence is to make people understand the infinite meaning of life in a limited life, transcend the secular and construct a poetic life paradigm in the secular life.

Keywords: leisure and harmonious concept;

Harmony is an important category of China culture. As a basic concept, "harmony" runs through all fields of China culture. Judging from China's philosophy of "Taoism is natural" and "harmony between man and nature", China culture emphasizes the harmonious thought of correspondence between subject and object, that is, in the four basic relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and self, it advocates the harmonious unity of the two. Confucianism and Taoism, which dominate China culture, especially emphasize the idea that "harmony" is beautiful. For example, Confucian culture requires the harmonious unity of human psychology and social ethics, and highlights the harmonious development of individuals in social ethics relations. Confucius once put forward the famous idea of "harmony is precious", and Mencius also emphasized that "everything is for me" and "keeping up with the world", and advocated the harmonious unity of individuals and society, psychology and ethics. Taoist culture emphasizes the harmonious unity between man and nature, and advocates that man should learn from nature, return to nature, integrate with nature and transcend nature, which is also based on the basic concept of "harmony" Zhuangzi said: "Heaven and earth coexist with me, everything is one with me" and "man and heaven are one", which also highlights the idea of harmony and unity between man and things, and the integration of man and everything in the universe. The basic concept of "harmony" is to integrate everything with "I" (man) as the subject, and "I" (man) also includes everything and the whole universe. In this way, when dealing with the relationship between people as the subject and things as the object, the psychological depression and fear of the opposition between people and things will disappear, and instead, harmony will be the core everywhere. Generally speaking, the basic philosophical meaning of the concept of "harmony" in China culture is to arrange and combine the elements of unity of opposites, such as subject and object, person and object, individual and society, necessity and freedom, in a harmonious, balanced, orderly and stable way, thus forming a harmonious unity of mutual correspondence and orderly interaction, and forming a world hierarchy and order.

The concept of "harmony" in China culture is also reflected in leisure culture. If the philosophical significance of leisure is to seek to establish an interactive relationship between the world with people as the subject and the world with things as the object, and form a benign correspondence between them, then the ultimate orientation of China's leisure culture core idea is to run the concept of "harmony" through his leisure life practice, with the aim of building a reasonable, peaceful and healthy human nature and a natural, stable and orderly objective world in the harmonious relationship between subject and object, without advocating arbitrarily destroying the balance and harmony between them. Constrained by the cultural concept of "harmony", China culture pays special attention to the harmony between people and things, which is manifested in leisure practice, that is, it puts special emphasis on people's inner world and their subjective feelings, and should maintain harmony and unity with the laws and forms between objective things. In the relationship between content and form, "harmony" also requires the unity of rational content and perceptual form. If people's subject is rational and the object of object is emotional, then for people, as far as people's subject is concerned, leisure requires the unity of body and mind, and as far as people and objects are concerned, leisure requires the harmonious unity and peaceful coexistence between people as subjects and objects. From the actual effect, the concept of "harmonious" leisure culture is to make the subject present a simple, quiet and pleasant feeling, and make the object give people a relaxed, free, happy, harmonious and comfortable aesthetic feeling. Yue Ji, known as the cornerstone of China's classical aesthetics, once described the characteristics of music like this:

Every voice is from the heart. When the heart moves, everything does its best. Emotion is moved by things, so it is shaped by sound. The sound is corresponding, so it changes and becomes a square, which is called sound. It's fun to listen to the sound. Dry your feathers. It's called joy. Musicians, where does the sound come from? It is based on people's hearts and feelings about things.

Although what is discussed here is the generation of music, as an aesthetic work, it will actually show the importance of establishing an interactive aesthetic relationship between people and things, especially the "harmonious" aesthetic relationship. Any harmonious "voice of ruling the world" is "safe" and "happy to rule"; Any discordant "voice of troubled times" is "resentment" and "anger at its administration is good"; The more discordant "voice of national subjugation" is "mourning" and "thinking about the people's difficulties". In fact, so is leisure. The reason why people seek leisure is to seek the harmony of life and the harmony between people and things. If there is a discordant voice in leisure, isn't it a kind of "voice of troubled times" and "voice of troubled times"? Therefore, the leisure culture with "harmony" as its core concept, as well as the life aesthetic styles such as "benevolence", "Taoism" and "artistic conception" which are highly praised by China culture, also have a great influence on the construction of leisure ways.

In Confucian culture, the pre-Confucianists emphasized the establishment of moral personality with "benevolence" as the ideal, and pursued moral enrichment, great personality and perfect sentiment. If "gentleman" is an ideal symbol of moral personality with "benevolence", then Confucianism does not emphasize the restriction of external compulsion on people, and does not pay attention to the influence of material living environment and objective social conditions on people. Instead, we advocate that through the exertion of people's inner consciousness and subjective initiative, especially in "introspection", we can deeply understand people's essential strength, keep a harmonious interactive relationship between people and objective objects, show subjective wisdom and gain a sense of security. Confucius said, "One scoop of food, one scoop of drink, in a mean lane, people are worried if they can't bear it", that is to say, in an environment with relatively scarce materials, we can still explore and understand the meaning of life. In other words, they can calmly transform people's material needs into psychological and spiritual needs, so that people can obtain spiritual peace and tranquility in secular life and pursue unlimited life value in limited careers. In order to keep the rational content of the subject in harmony with the perceptual form of the object, Confucius put forward a life practice mode of "taking Tao as the purpose, virtue as the basis, benevolence as the purpose and art as the tour", which also requires us to taste the happiness of aesthetic life in real life and make people enter the realm of harmonious aesthetic life. In Taoist culture, the philosophy of life with the goal of "Tao" holds that "Tao" is an objective existence and the highest and absolute beauty of heaven and earth. Tao is both nature and noumenon. The greatest happiness of human beings lies in the observation of Tao and the pursuit of Tao as the ultimate direction of life. Laozi's "Tao can be Tao, but it is also extraordinary." Names can be named, but they are also famous. ..... So, there is no desire to watch; There is always a desire to see what it is, emphasizing that people should be enlightened about everything. Both "nameless" and "famous" come from "Tao", which constitutes two different forms and realms of "Tao". Enlightenment is the gateway to understanding the mysteries of all things. Zhuangzi's so-called "I swim at the beginning of all things" is intended to swim in the harmony between beauty and music according to the way of nature, that is, "take the meaning of heaven and earth, resist the debate of six qi, and swim endlessly. "Here," traveling "is a way of life, a realm of life, where there is no fame and fortune and no secular conflict of interest." Swimming means doing nothing, that is, not knowing what you want and not knowing where you are going. I don't care about interests, I don't care about goals, and I'm not tired of worldly fame and fortune. I am not rigid, far-fetched, reluctant, proactive in pursuing freedom, carefree and full of energy.

It can be said that China culture seeks to establish a harmonious interactive relationship with objective objects by showing subjective wisdom, and one of the important intermediaries is leisure, that is, it emphasizes to seek to realize the ideal of life through leisure, or to enhance the realm of life through leisure, so that people can realize the way of life in the aesthetic pleasure of body and mind and construct the ultimate concern of life. Among them, leisure is not an external compulsion, not a deliberate pursuit of material wealth, but a subjective consciousness, a "inaction" regardless of fame and fortune, and a free and self-sufficient life.

Leisure is obviously not a meaningless dance academy, but a high-level survival and spiritual needs of people. Pursuing the highest realm of life in a leisure way and showing the infinite meaning of life in a limited individual life are not only the performance characteristics of human sociality, but also an effective way for people to construct the ultimate concern of life. Pursuing harmonious leisure is an indispensable part of people's psychological and cultural structure and life practice. Chernyshevski once made an analogy in the book Life and Aesthetics. He said that people's life path is often full of gold coins, but people living in secular society often can't find them. The reason is that secular people are absorbed in their destination and practical interests, without paying attention to every step they take. In the busy life, even if someone finds gold coins on the road, they can't bend down to pick them up, because "the carriage of life can't stop carrying us forward-that's our attitude towards reality, but when we arrive at the post station and walk around waiting for the horse alone, we will pay attention to every tin plate that may not be worth paying attention to at all ..." Indeed, in the busy life, people often ignore the essence of life and the meaning of life for practical purposes. However, the essence of dialectics of life often lies in: excessively pursuing the limited practical purpose and ignoring the ultimate value of life, often pursuing the ultimate goal, at the same time maintaining harmony with the object world, getting rid of the fetters of material desires and the disturbances of the world, transcending the secular world, transcending life and death, improving the quality of life, looking at life with an aesthetic eye and pursuing a poetic life, in order to be in the realm of "carefree"

As the core concept of China's leisure culture, "Harmony" presents the emphasis and concrete implementation of China's leisure culture practice on "Harmony in Heaven", "Harmony in Mind" and "Harmony in Metaphysics", aiming at making leisure truly become a transcendent life form and a way to improve the quality of life in secular life, and its intrinsic significance lies in making people construct a poetic life paradigm in secular life.

From the practical point of view of leisure culture, "harmony between man and nature" has two basic meanings: one is to emphasize the harmony and unity of heaven itself, and the other is to emphasize the harmony and unity between man and heaven. Both Confucian and Taoist cultures believe that "heaven" has its harmony. Zhuangzi said: "There is great beauty in heaven and earth!" Kong Ziyun: "Heaven is the only thing that matters", "What does Heaven say? Everything is born at four o'clock, what is the sky! " Dong Zhongshu said: "Heaven is the father of all things, and all things are not born of heaven." ("Spring and Autumn Story?" Obeying the destiny) means that "harmony between heaven and earth" is the birth of all things, and man is also one of all things. Man and heaven complement each other, that is, "only man can level heaven and earth", so man should "know the destiny" and "obey the destiny". Confucius emphasized that "if you don't know your own life, you don't think you are a gentleman." People can't be "gentlemen" if they don't know the harmony of heaven and keep harmony with heaven (an objective object), because "everyone born in heaven has the heart of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom; If you don't know where you were born, you won't have the heart of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and goodness; If you don't have the heart of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom, you are called a villain, so you don't know your life and you don't think you are a gentleman. " (Biography of Hanshu Poetry) When discussing the relationship between heaven and man, Zhu also pointed out: "Destiny is the reward of heaven, and the so-called heaven is life. ..... It is the nature of benevolence, righteousness and wisdom to care for the people. " ("Zhuzi Language" Volume 6 1) Old friends should "learn things", that is, "learn things poorly", and do what they want to do well. Everything will be reasonable tomorrow. In short, we should take the road of "harmony". Therefore, emphasizing "the unity of heaven and man" really means that people should obey the laws of nature and be in harmony with heaven and earth in the practice of leisure culture. "know life" became a "gentleman", which also internalized Heaven into people's inner consciousness and became their inner psychological desire. In this way, "harmony of heaven" does not emphasize that people should rely on external coercion to understand and obey God's will, but rely on people's inner consciousness and inner understanding to explore the meaning of life in a harmonious way of leisure life, thus surpassing secular life and making life reach the poetic realm of "carefree" and "happy to forget worries".

Of course, the emphasis on "harmony between man and nature" is also to highlight the "harmony of mind" in which man is the main body. Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism believes that "seeking outside without seeking inside is not the study of saints." Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, also emphasized the importance of self-cultivation, and advocated understanding the filial piety of life through introspection, which extended to others, society, real life and everything in the universe, that is, emphasizing obedience from parents to children, and the internal harmony between man and nature, society, man and himself, in order to fully realize the ideal of "benevolence", as Cheng Hao said. Therefore, the realm of "benevolence" is also the realm of "harmony", which is the harmonious realm of the integration of subject and object, the consistency of things and me, and the unity of man and nature. This realm, from the perspective of human subject, is the pursuit of "spiritual harmony." From the perspective of realization, it is to gain moral pleasure through a leisure lifestyle and make people enter the aesthetic realm of life, rather than to purify and sublimate the soul through repentance and confession to God, and through the struggle and division between subject and object. The pursuit of "harmony of mind and nature" in leisure is to keep the distance between life and secular utility, thus purifying life and heart. Confucius said, "I have never seen goodness as a lecherous person." Why is "goodness" not as good as "lust"? This is because "color" is not only attractive to the senses, but also because "color", as an inner emotion, can move people's hearts more than rational "virtue", so Confucius said: "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy." The so-called "knowledge" refers to a rational attitude, and "goodness" and "joy" refers to a perceptual attitude. The emotional intensity of "good" is not as good as "happy", which is the highest aesthetic realm of life. One of the ways to realize "music" is the leisure of life, the leisure of life. Confucius said, "It's fun to drink water and bend your arms and pillow it." . Unjust wealth is like a cloud to me. He further emphasized: "Wise people enjoy water, benevolent people enjoy Leshan", "Benevolence is beauty" and "the beauty of a gentleman's adult". Confucian culture puts leisure in an important position in life, making it a unique way of existence of people's psychological structure. On the one hand, it emphasizes internalizing the realm of "happiness" into a psychological character, which exists relatively independently in people's psychological structure. On the other hand, it advocates taking this as a starting point and affecting the overall construction of life, such as affecting people's intellectual cultivation, moral cultivation and character cultivation, so that it runs through daily life. It is manifested in people's specific words and deeds, appearance, personality, demeanor, and treatment of people, so as to be consistent in words and deeds, set an example, and become a gentleman. Therefore, the pursuit of "harmony between man and nature" in China's leisure culture makes people's inner desires realize the realm of "supreme goodness" and "supreme happiness", while externally, it realizes the realm of "too empty and great joy" in which people's hearts and everything in the world are unified, and they are self-reliant, conform to nature and build a better life.

The ultimate orientation of China's leisure culture is "metaphysical harmony". If the meaning of life lies in the metaphysical pursuit and the metaphysical meaning construction, then the concept of "harmony" in China culture runs through leisure life, aiming to evolve the highest laws of life such as "benevolence" and "Tao" into an eternal law and universal law between heaven and earth, which is characterized by the ethical norms with "benevolence" and "Tao" as the core, abstracted as having the transcendence of life. In this way, people can get spiritual strength beyond the secular and reality based on the real earth without going to the other side of the spirit, without the confrontation between man and God, and without the conflict and division between man and things. Among them, "heaven", "righteousness" and "sacred learning" have become the specific goals for people to acquire the feelings of the universe, heaven and earth, and human feelings. Adapting to God's will and nature are one. Entering this situation, people will have the same natural nature as "heaven" and "nature", including everything, and at the same time they will no longer be tired of secular barriers and fear of life and death. When man and nature are integrated, it transcends man's tangible to the intangible of heaven, transcends man's perceptual existence, and obtains the essential cognition of man's rationality, that is, "there is nothing in heaven, and there is no difference inside and outside." People have shapes, but they are bound by shapes, so there are internal and external causes. A person's life, inside and outside are self-contained, self-contained, different from heaven and earth. (The Doctrine of the Mean, Volume 8) Obviously, man transcends the tangible, achieves the invisibility of "harmony between man and nature" and obtains the harmonious cognition and understanding of "harmony between man and nature", which is the highest realm of "metaphysical harmony" and a manifestation of man's inner transcendence.

From the harmony of heaven to the harmony of heart, and then to the harmony of form, the concept of harmony in China's leisure culture embodies a profound and quiet artistic conception. Harmonious artistic conception is a profound category of life aesthetics in China leisure culture. From the aesthetic point of view, artistic conception is more profound and essential than ordinary images and models, and it is also more hierarchical in expression form. When discussing the realm of Ci, Wang Guowei pointed out: "Ci takes the realm as the top, and the realm is self-contained and has its own famous sentences." In fact, the realm of life is also the same. China's leisure culture, which takes "harmony" as the highest artistic conception, highlights the harmony of the subject itself and the important thought of moving towards the harmony between subject and object. Harmonious artistic conception is the harmonious unity of man himself, man and things, form and spirit, sensibility and rationality, phenomenon and essence, and finiteness and infinity. In fact, the harmonious concept and artistic conception of China's leisure culture is to establish a life paradigm and an aesthetic paradigm as life ideals to guide life practice, so that people can "get inside" and "get outside" in "cosmic life" during the long life journey, because they can write because they get inside; Outside it, we can see it. If you enter it, you will be angry; Beyond it, it is high. " When the leisurely life enters this harmonious and free realm, it will make the whole life more interesting, meaningful and full of charm, and achieve the goal of "a word that is inconsistent is romantic" advocated by China culture and aesthetics; If you don't worry about yourself, it will be a poetic realm of "forgetting things and integrating subject and object."