Osawa's climate changes, and the mountains and rivers are full of splendor. Qing Hui can entertain people, but a wanderer forgets to go home. It's still early from the valley, and it's too late when the boat gets on board. The Woods and valleys gather in the evening scenery, and the sunset clouds float in the night sky. Water chestnuts and lotus flowers echo in the blue river, and reed mats grow with wheat. It is understandable that the wind blows to the south and likes to look down on things to the east. These words are for people who want to keep fit. I hope they can keep fit in this way. The climate is constantly changing from morning till night, and the brilliance of mountains and rivers is becoming beautiful at any time. This kind of brilliance is pleasing to the eye and captures the heart of the wanderer. The wanderer bathed in mountains and rivers and forgot to go home. When I walked out of the valley, the morning glow had not yet risen, and when I got on the boat, the sunset had disappeared. Twilight gathers in empty valleys and forests, and the residual gas of clouds flies to the horizon and disappears. Water chestnut and lotus leaf are shaded by each other in the night, and calamus and barnyard grass are closely dependent on each other by the boat. Squeeze through the dense grass and go straight south, lying back against the door in the east corridor, relieved. An indifferent attitude doesn't care about external things, and everything goes well if you look down on fame and fortune. I tell people who love life with my personal experience, and try to infer the jurisprudence of health preservation with the principle of indifference and worry-free. Appreciation: In the autumn of 423 AD (the first year of Song Jingping), Xie Lingyun resigned as the magistrate of Yongjia (now Wenzhou, Zhejiang) and returned to his hometown of Huining (now Shangyu, Zhejiang). This used to be the place where his great-grandfather Xie An lay high, and it was also the manor originally run by his grandfather Xie Xuan. Large-scale, including the north and south mountains, ancestral home in Nanshan. After Xie Lingyun resigned and went home, he built another house in Beishan. Shibi Jingshe is a study he set up in Beishan. Jing She, the place where Confucian scholars teach students and apprentices, is also called Jing She by later generations. Lake, Wuhu, is the only waterway between the two mountains. The date of this poem is from 424 to 426 AD (from the first year of Yuanjia to the third year). This poem is a famous poem in Lingyun's landscape poems, which typically embodies some characteristics of the evolution of poetic style in the early Song Dynasty. Liu Xie once summed it up brilliantly in Wen Xin Diao Long Poetry: "In the early Song Dynasty, prose was sung because of the change of style, Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi retired, and the landscape was graceful." Take a few hundred words and fight for a strange price; Love must be extremely beautiful to write something, and words must be completely new. "And this poem has extremely remarkable characteristics in paying attention to parallel prose, deliberately refining sentences, writing extremely beautiful scenery, and pursuing novelty with words. The first two sentences are extremely exquisite and concise, and outline the beauty of mountains and rivers from a big and empty place. In the mountains, from the forest fog in the early morning, to the fog after sunrise, and then to the gathering of colors at dusk, not only the climate change of the day, but also the peaks, nymphs, green mountains and green waters are colorful, bright and dark, gorgeous and abnormal, dazzling and pleasing to the eye. " "Chaos" and "climate" vertically summarize the day's viewing process in time. "Landscape" and "radiance" are three-dimensional panoramic views of nature from horizontal space. However, the words "change" and "contain" are used respectively, so the abnormal climate scene is surprising, and the mountains and rivers are pregnant, leaving readers with reverie. Two sentences seem ordinary, but they are actually rich. The words "Qinghui" continue to inherit nature with the greatest truth. Although it comes from the phrase "strong lewdness entertains people, the viewer forgets to return" in the Songs of the South, it is very natural and appropriate to use it here, which is completely the poet's real feeling in a specific situation. Amin Hu Yinglin said: "There are many beautiful sentences, and there are also many thoughts and hardships, such as' Qing Hui can entertain people', although it is not. It is pointed out that the poet did not deliberately imitate his predecessors, but the successful experience of his predecessors in artistic practice touched the scene and inspired him, thus naturally or unconsciously melting into his own artistic conception. "Entertainment" makes people happy; Hey, look safe. Don't say that the poet is nostalgic for the mountains and rivers, but forgets to return. On the contrary, it is said that mountains and rivers entertain people, as if they understand people's wishes and actively retain poets. The so-called "I see things, so everything is my color." The sentence "out of the valley" is a connecting link: it was still early when we walked out of the valley, and it was already dark when we entered the Wuhu ship. One of these two sentences points out that the tour is a whole day, which echoes the first sentence "faint"; At the same time, it secretly makes a transition for the lake view at night. The above six sentences are the first floor, always writing the impression of visiting the stone wall all day, which is empty words and sketches. The following six sentences in Linhe are actually descriptions and detailed descriptions of the night scene in the lake: in the evening, among the mountains and valleys, the night gradually gathers; The residual atmosphere in the sky is rapidly condensing towards the horizon. In the lake, the lotus leaves of that field overlap, and the green leaves are covered with the afterglow of the sunset, and then cast a heavy shadow, alternating light and shade, reflecting each other; Clusters of calamus and barnyard grass are swaying, swaying, leaning left and right and leaning against each other in the wave light cut by the paddle. These four sentences are written from mountains and ravines to clouds on the horizon, and from lotus flowers on the lake to Pu 'er on the side of the boat, which depicts a picture of the reflection of Tianhu returning late, further rendering the fun of entertaining people and wandering. The writing of this paragraph not only runs through the route, but also is meticulous and meticulous. In framing, the distance is uneven, the angle of view is changeable, and the composition is three-dimensional and dynamic; Syntactically, pairwise duality is ingenious and exquisite. All these reflect the characteristics of Xie Shi's "only when you have perfect feelings can you write things, and you will do what you say and be innovative". Although it is a clever exercise, it returns to nature. "Pi Fu" two sentences, write its boat, through the roadside vegetation, towards the Nanshan path; When I got home, I died easily and happily, but my inner joy and excitement were still unsettled. This "tendency" and "inhibition" not only point out the process of going home from shore, but also have a very emotional color: when you get home at night, your feelings will be "inclined"; If you are tired after a day of sightseeing, you will "rest" when you go home. It can be described as extremely hard work. At the end of the four sentences, there are always two layers, which are about Hyunri who realized after swimming. The poet realized that as long as a person is indifferent, he will naturally look down on things other than fame, poverty and honor; As long as I feel comfortable and satisfied all the time, I feel that my mind will not violate the natural laws of the universe, and everything can be appropriate and comfortable. Excited, the poet wants to give this insight into the true meaning of life to those who pay attention to the way of keeping in good health, so that they might as well try to explore this truth. This kind of open-minded mind, which has repeatedly suffered setbacks in official career and politics, does not care about fame and fortune. During the Jin and Song Dynasties, the political situation was chaotic and dangerous, celebrities were often killed, and the struggle for power and profit was fierce, which had both far-reaching factors and lofty ideals. This method of keeping in good health is undoubtedly much more rational and brilliant than the wrong attitude of "taking medicine to make an alchemy and worshiping immortals for longevity" which prevailed in Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties. Therefore, we can't deny it without analysis because it originated from Laozi and Zhuangzi's thought or because it has metaphysical color. What's more, from the artistic structure, these four comments are not divorced from the lyrical scenery in front, but come down in one continuous line, which is bound to happen. In addition to the general characteristics of poetry in the early Song Dynasty pointed out by Liu Xie, this article also has two obvious personality characteristics: First, it has a dense structure, closely follows the word "Huan" in the title, and writes about the destination of the day, from Shibi-Lake-Home. But the key meticulous painting depicts the lake scene in the evening, so the first few sentences only describe the feelings in general. Although the time and space span is very large, there is no feeling of burdensome running account because of the detailed and appropriate actual situation. At the intersection of the three levels, the clues of time and space are revealed twice. For example, the topic of "going out of the valley" in the first half and "getting on the boat" lead to the topic of "returning to the lake" in the second half; "South Path" indicates that the ship is on land, and "East Gate" implies resting at home, which leads to the understanding in Yan. The needle and thread are fine and natural. Secondly, the whole collection of poems combines emotion, scenery and reason in one furnace. Although the first two floors talk about scenery, they can all contain emotions in the scenery and are full of emotions. Qinghui, He Lin, Puli and other natural scenery are all written with emotion and humanity, which are connected with the poet's heart; And the poet's "pleasure" also permeates the images formed by these scenes. As Wang Fuzhi commented: "Thank you for your poem ... love is real and love can be beautiful;" The scenery is not stagnant, and the scenery is always affectionate. "The conclusion of Selected Ancient Poems is a rational sublimation of the feeling of" pleasure ",as if it were natural and inevitable. The predecessors praised him for "relaxing the scenery and achieving his goal smoothly. He is good at both and deserves admiration all his life." (Huang Ziyun's Poems of Ye Hong) Faith is not a kind of beauty. The whole poem is full of clear and unrestrained joy, such as "the East China Sea is sailing, and the weather is beautiful." (Taosun Ao's Poetry Review) No wonder even the great poet Li Bai likes to quote this poem: "My old friend gave me a gift, and I didn't disobey it, so that the landscape was clear. I am surprised to thank Le Kang. I was born with poetry. The forest on the chest is full of color, and the clouds on the sleeves gather. " ("Reward Yin Mingzuo and Give Qiu Ge Five Clouds") This also shows its influence.