Chapter 1 Common sense
Wine is also a social etiquette.
With the increase of international communication, wine, once a traditional western drink, appears more and more on the table of China people. How to appreciate and enjoy and how not to make a fool of yourself at the dinner table has become a compulsory course for social people, because drinking is now recognized as a key link in social etiquette.
Chapter 1 Common sense
How to hold a cup
Everyone knows that beer cups and paper cups can't be used to hold wine, otherwise it will be as boring as drinking good coffee with paper cups. Wine should be served with a goblet. Of course, the small glass of China white wine is too small to drink! When holding a cup, if you use the gesture of holding brandy, you are suspected of pretending to be an expert. Hand temperature is different from wine temperature. Hand temperature will affect the flavor of wine. Only holding the handle and the cup holder will not affect the temperature of the wine. This is the correct posture to hold the cup.
Chapter 1 Common sense
How to enjoy the service of the restaurant
If you don't have a little wine experience now, it is recommended to ask the waiter to accompany the wine you ordered. Order good wine, and the waiter will pour some wine for the guests who pay the bill. Remember never to say to the gentleman I met in the hall, "Why don't you pour it for the host and guest first?" Why don't you fill it for me? Rude! "Suddenly, the waiter stood there, he did the right thing and was trained, but he didn't dare to offend the guests face to face, only laughing at him behind his back.
People in China pay attention to "sincerity when the wine is full", but when the wine is full, you can't shake the glass and let the aroma in the wine evaporate. Unfortunately, not smelling the fragrance is like blindly watching a beautiful woman, spending money but not fully enjoying it. So the expert's practice is that wine accounts for one-third of the cup. Of course, after tasting wine (for example, when eating), it is ok to pour half a glass or two-thirds of wine.
Chapter 1 Common sense
Avoid barbarism. drink a toast
As long as you pick up the goblet, you will become elegant. Clinking glasses is necessary. Wine is a wonderful product that can be enjoyed by all five senses. Eyes can appreciate its charming color, nose can smell its fragrance, mouth can enjoy its delicacy, and the sweet sound when clinking glasses is for ears.
Since ancient times, there have been barbaric toasts, from the emperor giving wine to the courtiers who have to drink, to the domineering drinking of China people, from subordinates, friends and business partners to "to friends, to loyalty and to business!" At that time, Song Wu killed the tiger after drinking twelve bowls of wine, but now the first person who toasted is his stomach.
The wine table and elegant atmosphere may promote us to get rid of the habit of toasting gradually.
Especially those good wines are spiritual and vital. If we drink a toast regardless of the willy-nilly, it will really ruin its beauty and inner display. The truly beautiful wine is not only the external beauty of its advertisements, labels and bottles, but also the internal beauty of the wine itself, its story, the local customs of its origin and the efforts of winemakers.
Chapter 1 Common sense
How many kinds of wine are there?
I remember a female reporter asked me such a question: Is dry white wine also wine? I was dumbfounded by this question. I don't know who changed the name of wine to red wine on a whim, and it spread, which made many people think that wine should be red. Champagne or dry white wine is made of other fruits, which really delayed their future. So it is necessary to explain the types of wine carefully.
According to the color of wine
There are red wine, white wine and rose wine in color. Among them, white wine is not white, but relative to red wine. White wine is generally pale yellow or yellowish green when young. Red wine also has various reds, depending on the year of the wine. Rose color is slightly lighter than red, onion skin color, light red.
According to the form of wine
According to the form, there are sparkling wine and still wine. The so-called sparkling wine is the wine that will keep bubbling, and champagne is the sparkling wine. But don't think that sparkling wine can be called "champagne", and don't think that sparkling wine without "champagne" is not good! Champagne is actually a place name in France. The sparkling wine in this place is called "champagne", which is really a kind of place name protection. Some sparkling wines produced outside the champagne area are also very good, but those produced by some domestic wineries that contain a lot of water and artificial carbon dioxide are not even sparkling wines, let alone champagne. No sparkling wine, as the name implies, is no sparkling wine, such as dry red and dry white.
Depending on the type of wine
According to the sugar content, it can be divided into dry type, semi-dry type, semi-sweet type and sweet type. According to Chinese standards, the sugar content per liter is less than 4g, 4 ~12g is semi-dry,12 ~ 50g is semi-sweet, and over 50g is sweet. At present, there are dry and semi-dry wines in China, and semi-sweet and sweet wines are not produced. Syrup with a lot of sugar is not sweet wine at all. Semi-sweet wines abroad include frosted wines from Canada and late-maturing wines from some European countries. Sweet wines are mainly iced wines and noble wines.
Divided by the alcohol content of wine.
According to the alcohol content, the alcohol content of wine is generally 8%~ 14%, while the alcohol content of fortified wine is between 15%~22%, such as Porto wine in Portugal and Sherry wine in Spain. The former adds brandy during fermentation, while the latter adds brandy after fermentation. The taste of this wine is generally sweet, but there are some unsweetened sherry. ) wines made entirely from grapes specially used for wine-making are basically the above categories. I believe that I will never hear something like "Is champagne wine?" And "Is brandy a good wine?" .
Chapter 1 Common sense
Wine made of water?
I remember someone asked me this question when I was giving a lecture to consumers at a cocktail party. If I were a wine critic from abroad, I would either be dumbfounded or laugh my teeth off. How can you ask such a ridiculous question? Of course, wine is made of 100% grapes. Or blended with water?
It is not surprising that I am still asked this question in a metropolis like Shanghai. Apart from the influence of China people on the idea that both yellow rice wine and white wine are "where water is good, wine is good", there are such things mixed with water, pigment and alcohol in the general market. This kind of thing is usually sweet, and preservatives have been added when bottling. You'd better not drink them, it's bad for your health. Even if China people have a strong stomach, they may not get sick if they drink it, but drinking too much wine mixed with water, pigment, essence and edible alcohol is just like eating monosodium glutamate and bacon, which is always bad. It can't achieve the effect of real wine in preventing cardiovascular diseases, removing excess cholesterol and beauty beauty.
How to distinguish this wine? Mainly depends on the wine label. The back label usually indicates the percentage of water and grape juice content. Now the grape juice content may be increased, but it is still not as good as 100% grape wine. Of course, there will be wine mixed with water but not marked, but as long as you master the knowledge of wine, you will know how to identify it.
Can we drink real wine with water and other things?
In fact, whether to add or not is your own preference. You can do what you think is good, but you still have to understand the truth. If anything is added, the aroma and taste of wine will definitely be affected, so sprite, cola, ice cubes, ice water and so on are best added to the most common wine or wine with poor taste.
If it's a good and expensive wine, adding something is really a waste. I once witnessed someone adding Sprite to a bottle of ChateauLafiteRothschild (one of the five famous French wineries) worth more than 2,000 yuan in a club. What a waste of time! I want to rush to the rescue and exchange two cases of dynasty wine with them so that my friends can hold me back and tell me not to make trouble. If the owner and brewer of this winery see it, they will really faint.
Of course, if it is summer and you want to quench your thirst with cheap wine, it is also good to add other drinks to cool off the heat.
Is this wine with water and pigment really wine? There is no such thing abroad. Internationally recognized 100% can be called wine, which is made from grapes and grape juice. Although China had wine in the Tang Dynasty, modern wine was introduced from the west. We are still unfamiliar with this wonderful drink, and there are fake and shoddy products in society. After all, we can't ask every consumer to be an expert. However, wine is really a wonderful thing, with extraordinary taste and improving the taste of life. You can't fully enjoy it with money, but you need to really understand it. If we can not only taste its delicious food, but also understand its customs, local conditions and customs of its place of origin, and learn a wealth of knowledge, why not?
Chapter 1 Common sense
Is wine suitable for Chinese food?
Many people may think that wine can go with western food, but it may not be suitable for Chinese food. White wine and yellow wine are suitable. In fact, among all kinds of wines, nothing is more colorful than wine, and Chinese food can basically find the right wine.
Speaking of rich red wine with Chinese food, it's really a bit difficult. If you eat sweet food (such as Shanghai food and Jiangsu food), the combination of tannin and sweetness in red wine will be bitter. Tannin is the bitter taste of wine; Tannin comes from grape skins and oak barrels and is the skeleton of wine. If it is paired with spicy dishes (such as Sichuan cuisine and curry dishes), it will be more spicy with tannins in wine. If red wine is used with seafood, the tannins in the wine will make the fresh and tender meat rough and very unpalatable, and the tannins will also aggravate the fishy smell of octopus and squid. At this time, you should choose red wine with less tannins and better fruit flavor. Of course, red wine with good maturity is also possible, because the tannins in old red wine are round, which is very suitable for matching rich dishes, such as shark fin soup, braised pork and so on.
In contrast, white wine is much better. Liquor is more acceptable to beginners, because it is fermented without soaking skin, generally speaking, it is not put into oak barrels and has no tannin. For example, German white wine with sweets is very suitable. Its alcohol content is only 8%~9%, which is sweeter than dry white wine in other countries. Now the blue and tender white wine in Shanghai market is quite suitable. For spicy dishes, slightly sweet and semi-sweet wine is the most suitable, which can alleviate the spicy taste in the mouth. As for seafood, the combination of the two is even more wonderful, but liquor is also light and strong, depending on the cooking of the dishes. In my experience, steamed or boiled original seafood (such as clams, scallops and crabs) is best to drink light Italian Rieslng. The umami taste of seafood and the sour taste of wine match very well, which greatly increases people's appetite. If you switch to Chavdonnay with a stronger taste, you will feel greasy.
Wine with western food is appropriate, because western food is a dish with a wine, and Chinese food is served with all the dishes together. How to match wine? This is really a difficult problem. If we choose carefully, we may reach a better level, but we can't think carefully while eating. Personally, I think it is better to order white wine, because white wine is fresh and refreshing, which can help us isolate the taste in our mouth and fully enjoy the delicious taste of different dishes. Of course, there are many ways to match wine with food, and some books can be written only in western food. However, Chinese food and wine have just begun in China, and we need to experience and explore together!
I believe that wine catering will become the eating habit of China people in the future, because the high alcohol content in spirits will paralyze the taste. If you drink half of the wine, you will not be able to recognize the taste of food. Most people who drink spirits have had this experience. If they drink China white wine, they usually don't eat big meals. As for beer, not only does it swell up, but the bitterness in the wine will also greatly reduce the delicacy of the dishes.
Wine not only has moderate alcohol content (all between 8%- 14%), but also the acid in wine (especially liquor) can decompose protein, making dishes more delicious. It is true that wine should be properly matched with Chinese food, but the basic principle is not difficult. Even the golden mean that China people pay attention to can create delicious food. Wine can't overwhelm the taste of food, and the taste of food can't affect the taste of wine. Only when the two flavors are balanced can they complement each other.
Chapter 1 Common sense
Does wine have life?
At the end of last year, I attended a tail tooth dinner with a group of friends. A sister brought a bottle of wine and said it had been at home for a year. Try opening it. I told her the wine was old. She was very surprised and asked me, Susie, is wine an animal? How can there be life?
Yes, wine, as a drink, can't reveal its true meaning if its shelf life is used. To be precise, it should be the life of the wine. Like people, it goes through the inevitable process of birth, infancy, youth, middle age, old age and death, and the fruit ripens to start the life journey of wine.
It's just that the life cycle of each wine is different, ranging from half a year to decades to a hundred years. For example, Yunnan red fresh wine and French Burgundy thin wine (Beaujolais nouveau) only take half a year, while authentic wines in famous French villages such as latour, Upper Bourion and Mouton generally take ten years to mature, and Margaux's wine 1900.
The common wine we see in the market (commonly called table wine) should be drunk as soon as it is listed. The life cycle of these wines is 2~3 years. Of course, the life span of wine brewed by different varieties of grapes is different, which mainly depends on the quality of the grapes themselves. Wine made from good grapes has a longer life.
I like to compare liquor to a woman, because liquor is sour, and liquor without acid is as insensitive as a woman who won't be jealous, and has no beautiful spirit. Different liquors are like women of all colors, some are beautiful and elegant like a small jasper, some are rich and fragrant like social flowers, and the perfect liquor is like a lady with decent makeup, elegant clothes and superior wisdom; Some wines are as active and green as green apple girls, and some wines have connotations and charms as mature women. In the body shape of liquor, there are also plump or thin women.
Red wine is a man with a strong sense of structure, like a strong man, and thin wine like a weak man. A man of high quality will eventually achieve great things through hard work, while a wine of good quality will show charming elegance when cooked, as beautiful as an iron fist wearing velvet and naturally worth a hundred times; Ordinary wine will only rot with time. Red wine, like men, should be healthy and strong. Strong liquor is as charming as men, while puffy and cowardly liquor is as unattractive as men. The new red wine is as energetic as a teenager but too stiff and astringent; Mature wine is as soft and hard as men. The gentleness peculiar to men is like the silky taste in red wine.
The color of the wine also fully shows the vintage of the wine. /kloc-white wine between 0/8 and 27 years old will appear light yellow with green light and light grass yellow, and grass yellow and gold will appear between 28 and 35 years old. If it is ordinary dry white, you should drink it. Amber and khaki liquor has reached its shelf life and is not good to drink; It's different if it's sweet white wine. This is the peak of maturity.
Red wine will appear purple or deep purple when it is young. Cherry red and ruby red indicate that the wine has begun to mature, and ordinary wine is best to drink at this time. If it is brownish red or brick red, ordinary red wine is old, but good quality red wine is also quite good. Ordinary tawny wine is basically dead, except for the red wine specially made by the winery.
The life of wine is also related to the storage of wine. For example, the cork must contact the wine to prevent the wine from being oxidized by the air in the bottle, and the storage temperature should be kept between 13~ 16℃ to make the wine grow normally.
Chapter 1 Common sense
Is the wine old?
The sentence "wine is the fragrance of old age" is not entirely correct. Most wines in the world should be drunk within two to three years after listing, and good wines that have been aged for more than ten years are rare. Even the rich can't drink this excellent aging every day. Wine is alive.
Do we have the potential to age wine made entirely from domestic grapes for more than ten years? According to my seven-year investigation of soil, climate and grape cultivation methods in various producing areas in China and the analysis and research of domestic grape experts, I think that except for the wine from Shanxi Yiyuan Winery, which may be aged for ten years, other places simply do not have this ability. If it was really 100% wine made from domestic grapes, it would have died in the bottle for ten years. If you drink it, you will also drink its body.
If you see this kind of domestic wine with a long year in the market, I hope everyone will pay attention to it. 99% of this wine is imported from abroad, and even the imported wine can't reach that year. I dare not assert that this wine is not good, but at least this winery is deceiving consumers and making huge profits with false years!
Ordinary liquor usually has a life span of two years. The first year after brewing is its best youth, and it begins to grow old in the second year. For example, white wine is made from grapes harvested in 200 1 year, and the best time for this wine is in the late spring of 2002. The life cycle of some white wines can reach more than 10 years, while the life cycle of red wines is generally longer than that of white wines. Generally speaking, the better the quality of wine, the longer its life cycle. If you drink it before it is ripe, it will taste bad. Different varieties and brands of wine have different life cycles, which is the complexity of wine and requires professional sommeliers to judge its year.
We should also mention oak barrels. Everyone used to think that "wine is the fragrance of old age", so the older the barrel used to hold wine, the better? In fact, this is all a misunderstanding we understand. When I'm in Europe, if the winery owners want to show me how good their wine is, don't forget to say that they buy many new barrels every year.
In fact, the oak barrels used to store wine usually only take two years, at most three years, and the winery will throw them away or treat them to the brandy winery, because the essence of the oak barrels has been taken away by the wine. If this barrel is a hundred years old, the wood will sink. If you don't maintain it well and don't use it for a while, the wine will be mixed with the smell of rotten wood. It is ok to put such barrels on display in the exhibition hall. If it's still filled with wine for a hundred years, it's really a trick to cheat children. So if you don't have enough experience, buy new wine to drink and avoid wasting money on fake old wine.
Chapter 1 Common sense
What about the endless wine?
Nowadays, more and more people begin to drink wine at home, especially elderly couples, as a necessary drink for health. However, faced with a bottle of 750 ml wine, the old couple with shallow capacity can't finish it at one time, but because of saving, they can't overdo it. Even people who can drink alcohol don't want to drink all the expensive wine at once, but it is impossible to ask most wineries to pack it in small bottles. So what should we do?
As we know, when wine is opened, it will begin to oxidize when exposed to air. The newly opened wine needs oxygen. For example, when we pour wine into a glass, we should shake the glass to make it fully contact with the air, so that the wine can give off a stronger aroma. Full-bodied wine needs to be opened one hour in advance to sober up before drinking.
However, if wine is exposed to air for a long time, it will lead to oxidation of wine, and most of the delicious taste of wine will be lost. Because the alcohol content of wine is low, it is generally 8%~ 14%, and spirits above 40 degrees are generally unlikely to deteriorate. If you can't drink it all at once after opening the bottle, and there is no special vacuum-pumping wine set at home, it's best to seal the bottle with a cork (the cork is upside down, so you can usually stuff it into the bottle to seal it). Then put this unfinished bottle of wine in the refrigerator, because the lower the temperature, the smaller the change of wine, but remember to wait until the temperature rises before opening it. If the wine is stored in this way, the flavor of the wine will definitely decrease when it is opened for the second time.
But there are exceptions I remember when I was still in Qingdao in the early spring of 2002, because I wanted to move to Shanghai and didn't want to hide any more wine, I opened and drank the 1999 Cabernet Sauvignon given to me by a Bordeaux winery owner. He told me that this wine can be stored in a bottle for ten years. Just opened, the wine is too new, fruity and astringent. After drinking a cup, I stuffed the cork and put it outside. I almost forgot about it and left it there for a week. I thought this wine was supposed to be bad, but when it was opened, it gave off a strong aroma of black berries, such as blackcurrant, black cherry and plum. This wine is silky smooth in the mouth. I later learned that accelerating wine ripening after opening a bottle of wine is a good Bordeaux wine that has stood the test of time.
On the other hand, if we often drink at home, I suggest you buy a vacuum cleaner. Although it is not popular in China, it should be available in liquor stores. This is also a complete set of equipment, generally including a vacuum extractor and two plugs. First, the soft plastic plug is put on the bottle mouth, and then the air in the bottle is pumped out to achieve the effect of wine preservation, which can generally last for three to five days.
If it is sparkling wine, I personally think it will be finished as soon as it is opened. When the cork is opened, this wine can't be drunk. If possible, you can buy a bubble stopper to prevent bubbles from leaking out, or you will drink it, otherwise all the bubbles in the wine will run away the next day and become a dull liquid, tasteless and boring.
There is another way to cook wine that you can't drink. The wine that has been opened for a long time will produce vinegar flavor, so it is good to make cooking wine. For example, in cook the meat, adding this wine will make the meat tender but not rotten and easy to cook.
In some restaurants in Europe, especially in rural restaurants, the chef will put the unfinished wine in a large container and put a spoonful into it when cooking. The food tastes really good.
Chapter 1 Common sense
What's wrong with drinking
Recently, a consumer wrote in an email that everyone bought a brand of dry red wine during the Chinese New Year and drank less than two glasses at most, which should be within the normal range. As a result, the whole family had a headache after drinking. It is clearly stated on the label that the shelf life is ten years, and that wine is 200 1 year, so it should not expire. Ask me what's going on
If you drink too much on an empty stomach, you will definitely have a headache, and so will a bottle of fine wine of several thousand yuan. No wonder any wine. This is not necessarily wine made of water, but the wine on it must not be good wine. But if there is no excess, there are generally two situations. Generally speaking, the first situation is that the antioxidant sulfur dioxide added in the brewing process is legal in the world, and it may be a little excessive, but it is basically harmless to the body, while some people are very sensitive and will go to the top if it is excessive. This kind of situation is generally rare. The second kind of wine, which is common in our country, is that the sugar content of grapes is too low at harvest, and the amount of white sugar added to grape juice exceeds 2%(v/v) alcohol, which will cause headaches after drinking.
The root cause is that the grape yield is too high. The nutrition provided by each vine to grapes is limited. There are too many fruits, not only the glucose content is not enough, but also other beneficial substances are reduced, so the wine brewed by such grapes is thin. Just like raising a child in an ordinary family. You can raise a child well. Raising too much, the economic strength is naturally insufficient, leading to malnutrition in all children. There is another truth that everyone may understand. Fish in tropical seas grow too fast and their meat is not delicious, while in northern seas, the growth cycle is long and the fish is delicious. For example, after a winter dormancy period, the grapes planted in Shanxi have got a good nutritional reserve, and the grapes will not be harvested until September; The temperature in Yunnan is high in winter, and grapes are often difficult to cultivate. They are harvested in mid-July, so the grapes in Yunnan contain much less substances than those in Shanxi, and the wine brewed from Yunnan grapes is also relatively thin. Of course, everyone has different tastes. Some people may like strong Shanxi wine, while others like light Yunnan wine.
In fact, wine grapes are suitable for planting in Shandong and Hebei in China, so the problem is not cold water fish and hot water fish, but high yield. This is also a unique problem in China, because the land is contracted by farmers, and wineries generally do not own the land themselves, so there is no way to completely control the cultivation of grapes. In order to increase their income, farmers generally pursue high yield. As a result, even the best equipment in the winery can't produce good wine.
Chapter 1 Common sense
Misunderstanding of wine consumption
The popularity of wine in China is mainly due to the high price, the lack of knowledge and drinking habits of consumers, the misleading of some enterprises and the heavy tax on wine. I will summarize the misunderstanding of wine as follows:
First, treat wine as red wine, whether you like it or not, and drink red wine with sweet soda. In fact, white wine is suitable for people who just started drinking wine, especially with a rich table of Chinese food, and it is unlikely to go wrong, while red wine is difficult to match sweet and spicy seafood dishes. Liquor contains eight essential amino acids. Comfortable acid in wine can decompose protein, which greatly increases people's appetite, and the more they eat, the more fragrant they are.
Second, I believe that the older the wine, the better. As a result, fake vintage wines made in China are everywhere in the market now, and they sell well. It is true that they were cheated and slaughtered to support others. Most wines in the world are required to be drunk within two to three years. There are very few wines of real quality that can be aged for ten years. There can't be such a real old wine in China at present.
Third, which brand is big and loud, drink this wine, and only drink this brand and not other brands. In fact, this kind of wine is all common wine produced industrially, and some of them are of poor quality. Moreover, drinking only one kind of food is like eating only a piece of fish-flavored shredded pork. Eating every day will make you tired, and your nutrition will be more unbalanced. How can you know the comparison without drinking other wines, and how can you know the pros and cons of your favorite brands? Giving up other wines for a brand is tantamount to giving up the right to enjoy other mellow wines.
Fourth, treat wine as brandy and whisky. Often seen in bars and nightclubs, people put the cork on the unfinished wine, put it back in the bar and put a label on it, saying it would be ten or eight days late this time. Some people still drink it three times, and the wine has long been oxidized and deteriorated. The alcohol content of wine is generally 8%~ 14%, while the alcohol content of spirits is 40 degrees. Brandy with high alcohol content will not be oxidized. But once the cork of the bottle is opened, the air will start to react with the wine. Although the wine will not be completely oxidized in a few days, the decline of wine quality will be very obvious; If you can't finish it at once, put it back in the cork as soon as possible to refrigerate the wine; White wine can be preserved for about two days, and red wine can be preserved for a little more than one or two days, but the perfect wine quality will not reappear.
And 5, treat that oxidized wine as an aged wine fragrance. This is also influenced by our yellow rice wine. Yellow rice wine generally has an oxidizing taste, and wine with an oxidizing taste is generally considered to be bad.
Sixth, use red wine as medicine. As soon as I heard that alcohol can prevent cardiovascular diseases and smokers can reduce the harm of nicotine to human body, I began to drink a small glass of wine every day for ten and a half months, no matter whether it is good or not. Chinese medicine tastes terrible anyway.
Seven, foreign wine as garbage, may be contaminated by cow blood powder. This is a ridiculous thing. In fact, at the beginning, none of this wine entered China.
Eight, I always feel that the longer the wine is kept at home, the better. This is a misunderstanding. The most exasperating thing is that the labels of some domestic wines mislead consumers that the quality can be guaranteed for ten years, and some bad wineries deliberately say that they can be kept at home for eight to ten years. Most of us don't actually have an ideal storage temperature at home, that is, 10℃~ 15℃. When the temperature is high, the wine will ripen too quickly, the wine will be rough and elegant, and it will soon become old. If the room temperature reaches 29℃ after one month, it will be out of control. Every time the temperature rises 10℃, the aging of wine will double, and the annual temperature change shall not exceed 5℃. If the temperature rises rapidly within six hours, the wine will quickly age and eventually deteriorate, which will also lead to the expansion and contraction of the cork when heated, and the cork will lose its sealing effect, leading to oxidation. I did an experiment. The climate in Shanghai has been at home for a year, and sometimes the air conditioner is turned on and sometimes it is not. As a result, a bottle of wine from a French second-class super winery began to decline after one year, and it would be broken if it was not drunk. In Cheng Guangdong, the climate would grow faster.
9. Store the wine upright in the home display cabinet. If it is in a dry climate like Beijing, no matter how good the wine is, it will go bad within a month, because the cork will dry up if the wine doesn't touch the cork, and the air will oxidize when it enters the wine.
Chapter 1 Common sense
What's in the wine?
As the saying goes: delicious grapes don't make wine. The grapes we saw in the fruit stalls were all used for raw food, but they could not be used for wine making, because these grapes were big, with high water content and fiber content, but low sugar content. If you use these grapes to make wine, you can't make good wine. Generally speaking, wine grapes are small in grain but rich in essence.
A consumer once asked me, if wine is made of grapes, won't it be very strong? He thinks the fiber is also in the wine. In fact, there is very little fiber in wine grapes, which is usually removed during brewing. In China, there are also some varieties of raw materials, such as rose fragrance and longan, which can only be used as low-grade wine, not as good as real wine grape varieties.
From wine grapes to wine, a series of chemical reactions will take place, and the nutrition and composition of wine are much richer than grapes. The main components of grapes are water (this kind of water comes from the inside of grapes, not artificially added, so we call it "water of life"), alcohol, tannin, acid, aromatic substances, color, a small amount of sugar and so on.
What is tannin?
Tannin is the astringency of wine in the mouth. It is the skeleton and natural preservative of wine, and it is also a treasure to eliminate the scourge of "active oxygen" in our body. Tannin is very important for wine aging. It comes from grape skins, grape stems and oak barrels, so it is divided into good tannins on mature skins and poor tannins on grape stems. Good tannins are very delicate. The tannins are poor and rough. The tannin of red wine is higher than that of white wine, because red wine is fermented with skin.
Why is wine sour?