China has a long history of drinking tea, and the exact time cannot be verified, but there is a general statement about the time. We can also find evidence that the habit of drinking tea in many parts of the world was handed down from China. Therefore, many people think that drinking tea was initiated by China people, and the habit of drinking and growing tea in other parts of the world was passed down directly or indirectly from China.

However, some people can find evidence that the habit of drinking tea was invented not only in China, but also in other parts of the world, such as India and Africa. 1823, a major of the British invading army discovered wild tea trees in India, so some people began to believe that tea originated in India, at least in India. Of course, there are records of wild tea trees in China, all of which are concentrated in the southwest, and some areas in Gansu and Hunan are also recorded. Tea tree is a very old dicotyledonous plant, which is closely related to people's lives.

In China, there are also arguments about the earliest origin of tea trees, and there are several opinions. Now many people believe that in Yunnan, a scholar asserted after careful study that Xishuangbanna, Yunnan is the origin of tea trees. The earliest written records of artificially cultivated tea trees began with Mengshan tea in the Western Han Dynasty. This is recorded in Sichuan Tongzhi.

Actually, for those of us who drink tea, it doesn't matter where we are now. Maybe it has cultural significance.

The origin time of tea drinking:

1. Shennong period: In the Book of Tea: "Tea is a beverage, which originated from Shennong." In the history of cultural development in China, the origin of all things related to agriculture and plants always belongs to Shennong. After coming back here, you can't push it up any more. Because of this, Shennong became the god of agriculture.

2. Western Zhou Dynasty: Jinchangqu "Huayang National Records". Bazhi: "Zhou Wuwang is really a teacher of Bashu, and ... tea honey ... pays tribute to it." This record shows that when Zhou Wuwang attacked the week, Pakistanis had paid tribute to it with tea and other precious products. The Records of Huayang Country also recorded that there were artificially cultivated tea gardens at that time.

3. Qin and Han Dynasties: Western Han Dynasty. Wang Bao's Tongyue: "Exhausting tea" and "Wuyang buying tea" are the teas after the exam. In recent years, bamboo slips and woodcuts of "Yi Li" and "Yi Li" were found in the catalogue of funerary objects in Mawangdui Western Han Tomb in Changsha. According to textual research, "Yi Li" is a variant of "Yi Li", which shows that Hunan people drank tea extensively at that time.

We still drink the same drinks as our very old ancestors, such as Jiang Taigong and others, which is really exciting. Can give us a lot of reverie.

The history of tea-the origin of tea (3);

Textual research on the origin of tea drinking;

The exploration of this point often focuses on the study of the birthplace of tea trees. There are several sayings about the birthplace of tea trees:

1. Southwest said: "Southwest China is the origin and birthplace of tea trees." This statement refers to a large range, so it is more accurate.

2. Sichuan said: Qing. Gu Rizhilu: "After Qin people took Shu, they had tea." The implication is that before Qin people came to Shu, drinking tea was known in Sichuan today. In fact, Sichuan is in the southwest, and Sichuan says it is established, so the southwest says it is established. Sichuan is more "accurate" than the southwest, but the risk of correctness will be greater.

3. Yunnan said: It can be completely considered that Xishuangbanna, Yunnan is the birthplace of tea trees, and this area is the kingdom of plants. However, there is a risk of "humanism" in this statement, because tea trees can be local, and Chaze is the result of activating labor.

4. East Sichuan and West Hubei said: Lu Yu's "Tea Classic": "Bashan Xia Chuan embraced each other." Bashan Gorge and Sichuan are now East Sichuan and West Hubei. There is no evidence that anyone has used such excellent tea trees in this area as tea.

5. Jiangsu and Zhejiang said: Recently, it was suggested that it started from the ancient Yue culture represented by Hemudu culture. At present, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces are the most developed areas of tea industry in China. If history can take root here, it is a very meaningful topic. In fact, I think there must be more than one place where tea trees originated naturally in ancient times. Where there are tea trees, the custom of drinking tea may not necessarily develop. As mentioned earlier, tea was invented by Shennong, so where does it live? If we find the intersection of "tea tree native place" and "Shennong activity place", we may have the answer, at least narrowing the scope of the answer.

Invent the way of drinking tea:

How did humans invent the habit of drinking tea? Or how did tea originate? The study of this problem has always been a "basic problem" of tea science. Because as any tea scholar or tea worker, it is not enough if you can't even explain "how tea came from". Now there are many answers to this question:

1. Sacrifice said: This view holds that tea and other plants were originally used as sacrifices, but later it was found that they were harmless to eat, so they were "eaten as sacrifices, but eaten as vegetables, but used as medicines" and eventually became drinks.

2. Pharmacology: This view holds that tea "originally entered human society as a medicine." "Shennong Hundred Herbs Classic" wrote: "Shennong tasted a hundred herbs, and when he encountered seventy-two poisons every day, he was relieved by tea."

3. Food theory: "The ancients drank water like grass", "People put food first", and eating first conforms to the evolutionary law of human society.

4. Synchronous said: "At first, tea was used as chewing food or baking food, and it was gradually used as medicine." The comparison and accumulation of these ways will eventually develop into "drinking tea", which is the best way.

The most useless of the above statements is the fourth, which adds up the first three and becomes your own "foolproof" explanation. Perhaps this explanation is the most appropriate.

Now, we can think that tea has been recognized and used for a long time in China, as well as the cultivation and harvest of tea trees. However, it can also be verified that tea is widely used in all walks of life, probably after Lu Yu's Tea Classic was handed down in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, there is a poem in the Song Dynasty that "since Lu Yu was born, the world has learned from each other's strengths and made spring tea". In other words, after the invention of tea, 1000 was not known to the public for many years.

The history of tea-the origin of tea (5);

The origin of tea tree:

China is the first country to discover and utilize tea trees, which is called the motherland of tea. Written records show that our ancestors began to cultivate and utilize tea trees more than 3000 years ago. However, like the origin of any species, the origin and existence of tea must have been discovered and used by people before they discovered and used tea trees, and it was a long time later. The experience of human beings in using tea has been passed down from generation to generation, gradually expanding from local areas, and it took a long time to be gradually recorded in writing.

The origin of tea trees has always been controversial. With the development of textual research technology and new discoveries, it is gradually recognized that China is the origin of tea trees, and southwest China, including Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan, is the center of tea tree origin. Due to geological changes and artificial cultivation, tea trees began to spread all over the country and gradually spread to all parts of the world.

(1) Origin and country of origin

When did the tea tree originate? It must have been written more than 3000 years ago. The problem that historians could not prove was finally solved by botanists. They traced back to the source according to the method of plant taxonomy. After a series of analysis and research, they think that the origin of tea trees has a history of 60 million to 70 million years.

Tea originated in China and has been recognized by the world since ancient times. 1824 years later, wild tea trees were discovered in India. Some foreign scholars objected that China was the origin of tea trees, which caused controversy in international academic circles. These dissidents are all based on Indian wild tea trees and think that there are no wild tea trees in China. In fact, the existence of Erya wild tea tree was mentioned in China around 200 AD, but today's data show that 18 wild tea trees have been found in 198 places in 65,438 provinces and autonomous regions of China, among which one tree in Yunnan is about 1700 years old, and the trunk diameter in Yunnan Province is more than one meter. In some areas, even wild tea tree communities are as high as thousands of acres. Therefore, since ancient times, the wild tea trees discovered in China are the earliest in the world, with large trees, large numbers, wide distribution and different characters. In addition, through textual research, both the wild tea plants found in India and the tea plants imported from China belong to the varieties of tea plants in China. It is concluded that China is the origin of tea trees.

The history of tea-the origin of tea (ⅵ);

In recent decades, the combination of tea science and botanical research has made a more detailed and in-depth analysis and demonstration of the origin of tea trees from different angles such as tree species, geological changes and climate changes, which further proves that southwest China is the origin of tea trees. In short, the main argument has three aspects:

1. From the natural distribution of tea trees,

At present, there are more than 380 species of Theaceae plants in 23 genera, while there are more than 260 species of 15 genera in China, most of which are distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. There are more than 100 species of camellia, and there are more than 60 species in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, among which tea occupies the most important position. From the botanical point of view, the origin centers of many genera are concentrated in a certain area, which shows that this area is the origin center of this flora. The high concentration of Theaceae and Camellia plants in southwest China shows that southwest China is the origin center of Camellia plants and the birthplace of tea.

2. From the perspective of geological changes

There are many small landform areas and microclimate areas in the southwest of China, where the mountains are undulating, the valleys are criss-crossing, and the terrain is changeable. In the case of great difference between low latitude and altitude, the climate is so different that the tea trees originally grown here slowly separate in different climates of tropical, subtropical and temperate zones, which leads to intraspecific variation of tea trees and develops into tropical, subtropical big-leaf and middle-leaf tea trees, as well as middle-leaf and small-leaf tea trees in temperate zones. Botanists believe that the place where a species has the most variation is its origin center. The three southwestern provinces of China are the places with the most variation and abundant resources of tea trees in China, and are the centers of tea tree origin.

3. According to the evolutionary types of tea plants.

In the long history of its systematic development, tea trees always tend to evolve. Therefore, all areas where primitive tea trees are concentrated should be the origin of tea trees. The wild tea trees in the three southwestern provinces and their adjacent areas have the morphological and biochemical characteristics of primitive tea trees, which also proves that the southwest region is the center of the origin of tea trees.

The history of tea-the spread of tea (1);

China is the origin of tea trees. China's contribution to human beings in the tea industry mainly lies in the earliest discovery and utilization of this plant, which has developed into a splendid and unique tea culture in China, the East and even the whole world.

The tea industry in China first flourished in Bashu, spread to the southeast and spread all over the country. It spread to Japan and Korea in the Tang Dynasty and to the West after16th century. Therefore, the spread history of tea can be divided into domestic and foreign routes.

1. The spread of tea in China

Tea tree is a kind of "good wood" in the south of China, so the tea industry in China was first bred, produced and developed in the south.

(1) Bashu is the cradle of China tea industry.

Gu once pointed out that "tea drinking began after Qin people took Shu", that is, tea drinking in China was slowly spread after Qin unified Bashu, which means that tea culture in China and even the world was first developed in Bashu. This statement has now been recognized by most scholars.

According to written records and textual research, the production of Bashu tea can be traced back at least to the Warring States period, when Bashu tea area had formed a certain scale and tea was regarded as one of the tributes.

The prominent position of Bashu tea industry in the early history of tea industry in China was not recorded until Wang Bao's Children's Covenant when he proclaimed himself emperor in the Western Han Dynasty, in which there were two sentences: "Cook all the tea" and "Five sheep buy tea". The former reflects the surrounding areas of Chengdu. During the Western Han Dynasty, not only tea drinking became the norm, but also special utensils appeared. As can be seen from the last sentence, tea has been commercialized, and there has been a tea market like "Wuyang".

During the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu not only became the consumption center of tea in China, but also probably formed the earliest tea distribution center according to later literature records. Not only before the pre-Qin, Qin and Han Dynasties, but also before the Western Jin Dynasty, Bashu was an important tea production and technology center in China.

The history of tea-the spread of tea (Ⅱ);

(2) The middle reaches of the Yangtze River or Central China became the center of tea industry (Three Kingdoms and Western Jin Dynasty)

After the Qin and Han Dynasties unified China, with the economic and cultural exchanges in Bashu and other places, the tea industry was strengthened. In particular, the processing and planting of tea first spread to the southeast region. For example, the naming of Chaling in Hunan is very telling. Chaling is a county established in the Western Han Dynasty, which is famous for producing tea. Chaling is close to the border between Jiangxi and Guangdong, which shows that tea production in the Western Han Dynasty has spread to the surrounding areas of Hunan, Guangdong and Jiangxi.

During the Three Kingdoms and the Western Jin Dynasty, with the development of Jingchu tea industry and the spread of tea culture all over the country, and due to favorable geographical conditions, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River or Central China gradually replaced Bashu in the spread of tea culture in China, which became obviously important.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Wu owned a part of Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and Guangxi, and the southeast half of all the land in Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang. This area was also the main area for the spread and development of tea industry in China at that time. At this time, the scale and scope of planting tea trees in the south have been greatly developed, but drinking tea has also spread to the noble families in the north.

The development of tea industry in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the Western Jin Dynasty can also be proved by the Book of Jingzhou in the Western Jin Dynasty. It says "Tea is the first in seven counties of Wuling", which shows that the tea industry in Han Jing has developed obviously, and the advantage that Bashu is the only champion in China seems to have disappeared.

(3) the development of tea industry in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the southeast coast (Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties)

After the Western Jin Dynasty, the northern giants crossed the river and settled abroad, and Jiankang (Nanjing) became the political center of southern China. During this period, due to the prevalence of tea worship in the upper class, tea drinking and tea culture in the south, especially in Jiangdong area, developed greatly, which further promoted the development of tea industry in China to the southeast. During this period, tea was planted in the southeast of China, from the west of Zhejiang to the coastal areas of Wenzhou and Ningbo. Moreover, Lu Tongjun records that "Xiyang, Wuchang and Jinling all produce good tea", with Changzhou as Jinling and Yixing as its tea. It shows that the tea industry in Yixing in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River became famous in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties.

After the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty, the trend of the tea industry's center of gravity moving eastward became more obvious.

The history of tea-the spread of tea (3);

(4) The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River became the center of tea production and technology in China (Tang Dynasty).

As mentioned earlier, before the Six Dynasties, tea production and drinking in the south had developed to some extent, but there were not many tea drinkers in the north. After the mid-Tang Dynasty, as recorded in the Chef's Manual, "Now all villages in Kansai, Shandong and Lv Yan eat it, but they don't eat it for a few days, and there is no tea for a day." Both the Central Plains and the northwest minority areas are addicted to tea, so the tea production in the south has achieved unprecedented development. Especially in Jiangnan and Huainan tea areas with convenient transportation in the north, the production of tea is particularly developed.

After the middle Tang Dynasty, the tea production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River increased greatly, and the tea-making technology reached the highest level at that time. As a result of this high level, Huzhou purple bamboo shoots and Changzhou Yangxian tea have become tribute teas. The center of tea production and technology has been officially transferred to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Tea production in Jiangnan is in full swing. At that time, according to historical records, tea was planted everywhere in Qimen, Anhui Province and within a thousand miles of Fiona Fang, and there was no soil in the mountains. At present, the tea industry in northeastern Jiangxi, western Zhejiang and southern Anhui really developed greatly in the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, as tribute tea is located in the south of the Yangtze River, it greatly promotes the improvement of tea-making technology in the south of the Yangtze River, and also promotes the production and development of China's tea areas.

According to the Tang Dynasty's "Tea Classic" and other documents, tea-producing areas in this period were all over Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan and other 14 provinces and regions. , almost reached the same situation as the modern tea-producing areas in China.

(5) The focus of tea industry shifted from east to south (Song Dynasty)

From the Five Dynasties to the early Song Dynasty, the national climate changed from warm to cold, which made the tea industry in the south of China develop faster than that in the north, gradually replacing the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and becoming the focus of the tea industry in the Song Dynasty. It is mainly manifested in the change of tribute tea from ancient bamboo and purple bamboo shoots to Fujian Jian 'an tea, and the tea industry in Minnan and Lingnan areas, which have not yet formed a climate in the Tang Dynasty, has developed actively.

The main reason why the center of gravity of tea industry moved south in Song Dynasty was climate change. Due to the temperature drop in early spring in the south of the Yangtze River, the germination of tea trees was delayed, and it was impossible to ensure that the tea was delivered to Kyoto before Qingming. The climate in Fujian is warmer, as Ouyang Xiu said, "Jian 'an is three thousand miles away, and the capital tastes new tea in March. "Jian' an tea, as a tribute tea, will inevitably strive for Excellence and become more and more famous. It has become the main technical center for making group tea and cake tea in China, which has promoted the rise and development of tea areas in southern Fujian and Lingnan.

Therefore, by the Song Dynasty, tea had spread all over the country. The tea areas in Song Dynasty are basically the same as those in modern times. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was only the evolution of tea-making methods and the rise and fall of various teas.

The history of tea-the spread of tea (Ⅳ);

2. The spread of tea abroad

Due to the development of tea production in China and people's drinking fashion, it has also had a great impact on foreign countries. On the one hand, the imperial court set up special shipping companies in some coastal ports to manage maritime trade, including tea trade, and allowed foreign businessmen to buy tea and transport it back to their countries. During the Yongzhenyuan period in Tang Shunzong, the most sincere Japanese Zen master returned from studying Buddhism in China and planted the tea he brought back in Jinjiang (Shiga County). In August15, when Emperor Emei of Japan visited Fan Shi Temple in Shiga County, the monks offered delicious tea. The emperor was very happy after drinking it, so he vigorously promoted tea drinking and planted tea in a large area in Japan. In the Song Dynasty, Japanese Zen master Rong came to China to study Buddhist scriptures. After returning home, he not only brought back tea seeds for sowing, but also made his own tea drinking ceremony according to the tea drinking method in China temple. The book Eating Tea for Health, written in his later years, is called the first tea book in Japan. The book calls tea "holy medicine" and "elixir of life", which has played an important role in promoting the development of tea drinking fashion in Japanese society.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the number of foreign trade ports in China increased to 89. At this time, ceramics and tea have become the main export commodities of China. Especially in the Ming Dynasty, the government adopted an active foreign policy and sent Zheng He to the Western Ocean seven times. He traveled all over Southeast Asia and Arabia, reaching the east coast of Africa, strengthening economic ties and trade with these areas, and greatly increasing the output of tea.

During this period, merchants from western European countries came to the East one after another, and brought China tea from these areas, which promoted the drinking of tea by the upper class in their country. In the thirty-fifth year of Ming Shenzong Wanli (1607), Dutch ships came to Macau from Java to sell tea and transshipped it to Europe, which was the earliest record that China tea was directly sold to Europe. After that, tea became the most fashionable drink in Holland. Due to the propaganda and influence of the Dutch, the wind of drinking tea quickly spread to Britain, France and other countries.

163 1 year, an English captain named Victor made a special trip to lead his fleet eastward, and for the first time, he brought a large amount of tea directly from China.

After the Qing Dynasty, the wind of drinking tea gradually spread to some European countries. When tea first spread to Europe, it was expensive, and both the Dutch and the British regarded it as a "tribute" and a luxury. Later, with the increasing investment in tea, the price gradually declined and became a folk daily drink. Since then, the British have become the biggest tea drinkers in the world.

India is the country with the largest output and export of black broken tea, and its tea varieties originated from China. Although there are wild tea trees in India, Indians don't know how to grow them or how to drink tea. Only in 1780, the British and Dutch began to import tea seeds from China and grow tea in India. Today, Assam is the most famous black tea producing area. That is, in 1835, tea seeds were introduced from China to grow tea. Experts from China went to guide the methods of growing and making tea, including the production technology of small-scale black tea. After the invention of tea cutter, black broken tea began to appear and became a global bulk beverage.

By19th century, China's tea was almost all over the world. In 1886, the tea export volume reached 2.68 million tons. The word "tea" in western languages mostly comes from the pronunciation of "tea" in Xiamen, Fujian, a maritime trade port at that time, and the Guangdong dialect. It can be said that China gave the world the name of tea, tea knowledge, tea planting and processing technology, and tea from all over the world, which are directly or indirectly inextricably linked with tea in China. In a word, China is the hometown of tea, and our hardworking and intelligent people have created this delicious drink for the people of the world, which is worthy of our future generations' pride.

The history of tea-the development of tea (1);

With the spread of tea, the production and consumption of tea are almost all over the country and countries and regions on five continents.

China is the hometown of tea, with a large population and a vast territory, so the output and consumption of tea ranks first in the world. China spans six climatic zones. The geographical area starts from Keelung, Taiwan Province Province in the east, reaches Qiongya along the coast in the south, reaches Chayu Valley in southern Tibet in the west and reaches Shandong Peninsula in the north. Tea can be produced in most areas, and the whole country can be roughly divided into four tea areas, namely, Jiangnan tea area, Jiangbei tea area, South China tea area and Southwest tea area. The distribution of tea producing areas in China is mainly concentrated in the south of the Yangtze River, with Zhejiang and Hunan producing the most, followed by Sichuan and Anhui. Gansu, Tibet and Shandong are newly developed tea areas, and the annual output is not too much. In recent years, China's tea garden area has reached more than160,000 mu, with an annual output of about 400,000 tons and an export volume of about135,000 tons. At the same time, with the development of tea production in China, the national tea scientific research institutions and educational institutions have also made great progress, and the scientific research and education network has been established and improved. A large number of research results have been popularized and applied, and the management level of scientific tea planting, scientific tea making and tea industry has been continuously improved, which has laid a solid foundation for the development of tea production in China.

As tea is welcomed by people all over the world and becomes one of the three major beverages, the world tea industry has developed rapidly. At present, tea has been planted in 50 countries on five continents, and tea planting areas are mainly concentrated in Asia, accounting for more than 80% of the world's tea production.

The production and drinking of tea have gone through thousands of years, and people have new requirements for tea. This is because, in social development, once people's requirements for food, clothing, housing and transportation are met, they pay special attention to the needs of medical care and cultural life. Tea, a natural health drink, will be more and more favored by people. At the same time, it will attract a large number of consumers to drink because it contains a large number of ingredients that have certain effects on health care and disease prevention. Tea has become an indispensable companion in people's lives.

History-the development of tea (2);

Records of important tea events in ancient China;

◆ Primitive society

Legend has it that tea was discovered by human beings in the Shennong era in the 28th century BC. "Shennong Baicaojing" said that "Shennong tasted a hundred herbs and encountered seventy-two poisons every day, and solved it with tea." Say, when the medicinal use of tea began.

◆ Western Zhou Dynasty

According to the Records of Huayang Country, the tea produced in Bashu area was regarded as a "tribute" treasure at the time of Zhou Wuwang's logging in about 1000 BC, which is the earliest record of tea as a tribute.

◆ Eastern Zhou Dynasty

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Ying Heshi (547 BC-490 years before the park) "ate rice without millet, baked three eggs and five eggs, and made tea." It shows that tea has been used as vegetable soup for human consumption. (According to "Yanzi Chunqiu")

◆ Western Han Dynasty (206-24 BC)

In 59 BC, it was recorded that "making tea has everything" and "Wuyang buys tea", indicating that tea has appeared as a commodity in Sichuan, which is the earliest tea trade record. Tongyue

◆ Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-220)

Hua Tuo, a medical scientist in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, put forward the idea that bitter tea can benefit after drinking for a long time in his Treatise on Food, which is the first account of the pharmacological effects of tea.

◆ Three Kingdoms (Park 220 265)

The history book "The History of the Three Kingdoms" records that Sun Hao (descendant of Sun Quan), the monarch of the State of Wu, replaced wine with tea, which is the earliest record of "replacing wine with tea".

The history of tea-the development of tea (Ⅲ);

Sui (AD 58 1-6 18)

Tea drinking gradually became popular, and Emperor Wendi of Sui fell ill. I met a layman and asked him to cook tea and grass, which really worked. Therefore, people competed to pick them, and gradually evolved from medicinal to social drinks, but mainly in the upper class of society.

◆ Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-907)

The Tang Dynasty witnessed the expansion and popularization of tea as a beverage, from the upper class of society to the whole people.

In the fifth year of Emperor Taizong's reign (AD 770), he began to build a tribute tea garden in Guzhu Mountain (now Changxing, Zhejiang Province). Every year before Tomb-Sweeping Day, he mobilized the people to make "Guzhu Sun Zi" cakes and tea to pay tribute to the court.

In the first year of Jianzhong in Tang Dezong (AD 780), Zhao Zan proposed to levy a tea tax.

After the 8th century AD, Lu Yu's Tea Classic came out.

In the year of Yongzhenyuan in Tang Shunzong (AD 805), the most sincere Japanese monk returned to China with tea seeds and tea trees from China. This is the earliest record of tea being introduced into Japan.

A special tea set appeared in 15 (AD 874) in Xian Tong, Tang Yizong.

◆ Song Dynasty (960- 1279)

During the reign of Song Taizong Taiping Xingguo (AD 976), a palace was built in Jian 'an (now Jian 'ou, Fujian) to make Beiyuan tribute tea. Since then, tea of Longfeng Group has developed greatly.

In the first year of Daguan (A.D. 1 107), Evonne, Song Huizong, wrote the book Camellia Daguan, which advocated tea science and promoted tea culture with the respect of emperors.

◆ Ming (A.D. 1368- 1644)

Ming Taizu Hongwu six years (AD 1373), set up a tea company, specializing in tea trade.

In the 24th year of Zhu Yuanzhang and Hongwu (A.D. 139 1), in September, the imperial edict abolished group tea and promoted leaf tea. From then on, tribute tea changed from cake tea to bud tea (loose leaf tea), which played a positive role in the development of fried green leaf tea.

16 10, the Dutch sold tea from Macao and shipped it to Europe. 19 16, China tea was shipped to Denmark. 16 18, the imperial court sent an imperial envoy to Russia and offered tea to the Russian emperor.

◆ Qing dynasty (a.d.1644-1911year)

China tea was sold in French market from 65438 to 0657.

In the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), the Indian Oriental Company began to transport China tea directly from Fan Dan to Britain.

In the 28th year of Kangxi (1689), Xiamen, Fujian Province exported 150 tons of tea, which initiated the direct sale of tea from the mainland of China to the British market.

1690 China tea is licensed for sale in Boston, USA. In Guangxu 3 1 (1905), China organized a tea delegation to visit the tea production system in India and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) for the first time, and obtained some tea-making machinery to publicize the technology and methods of tea-making machinery.

From 65438 to 0896, Fuzhou established the mechanical tea company, which was the earliest mechanical tea industry in China.

The history of tea-the history of making tea (1);

China has a long history of tea making. Since its discovery, wild tea trees have undergone complex changes, from raw soup to loose tea, from green tea to various teas, from manual operation to mechanized tea making. In addition to the influence of tea varieties and fresh leaf raw materials, processing conditions and manufacturing methods are important determinants of the formation of various tea quality characteristics. This paper briefly introduces the history of tea making.

(A) from raw soup to dried vegetables collection

The use of tea began with chewing the fresh leaves of tea trees and developed into raw boiled soup. Raw chefs are similar to modern vegetable soups. For example, the Jinuo people in Yunnan still have the custom of eating "herbal tea". Mash fresh leaves and put them in a bowl. Add a little yellow fruit leaves, garlic, pepper and salt as ingredients, and then add spring water and mix well. Tea is used as soup. The Book of Jin records that "Wu people picked tea and cooked it, saying' Ming porridge'". Even in the Tang dynasty, they still had the habit of eating porridge.

During the Three Kingdoms period, the simple processing of tea appeared in Wei. First, the collected tea was made into cakes and dried or dried in the sun, which was the bud of tea-making technology.

(2) From steaming and shaping to Longzu egg cake

After repeated practice, steamed green tea was invented. That is, the fresh leaves of tea are steamed and crushed, and the cake tea is perforated and dried to remove its green gas. But it is still bitter and astringent, so the bitter and astringent taste of tea leaves is greatly reduced by washing fresh leaves, steaming and squeezing, and removing juice to make cakes.

From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, tribute tea rose, and a tribute tea garden, namely a tea factory, was established to organize officials to learn tea-making technology, thus promoting the continuous reform of tea production.

By the Tang Dynasty, steamed green cakes had been gradually improved. Lu Yu's "Creation of Tea Classics" describes: "Clear, adopt it. Steam, pound, pat, bake, wear, seal and dry tea. " That is, the complete production process of steamed green tea cake at this time is: steaming tea, deblocking, pounding tea, molding, patting, demoulding, discharging tea, drying, punching, baking, molding and sealing tea.

In Song Dynasty, tea-making technology developed rapidly. New products are constantly emerging. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Longfeng group tea prevailed. Song Dynasty's "Xuanhe Beiyuan Tribute Tea Record" records that "in the early days of Song Taiping's revival, a dragon and phoenix model was specially set up and sent to Beiyuan to make group tea for drinking, and the dragon and phoenix tea cover began here".

According to Zhao's Records of Beiyuan in Song Dynasty, the production process of Longfeng Tuancha includes six processes: steaming tea, pressing tea, grinding tea, making tea, yellow tea and baking tea. Aft picking tea bud, soaking in water, steaming evenly selecte bud leaves, washing with cold water after steaming, squeezing out a small amount of tea juice, adding water into a casserole, grinding, molding with dragon and phoenix, and drying.

During the processing of Longfeng tea, cold water can keep green and improve the quality of tea. However, the method of soaking in water and squeezing juice takes away the real taste, which makes the tea fragrance lose greatly, and the whole production process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, which promotes the emergence of steamed green tea.

The history of tea-the history of making tea (2);

(3) From cake tea to loose leaf tea.

In the production of steamed green tea, in order to improve the shortcomings of bitter taste and improper aroma, the method of direct drying without kneading or pressing after steaming was gradually adopted, and the steamed green tea was transformed into steamed green loose tea to maintain the aroma of tea. At the same time, loose tea also has appreciation methods and quality requirements.

This kind of reform appeared in the Song Dynasty. "Song history. "Food Records" contains: "There are two kinds of tea: sliced tea and loose tea", and sliced tea is cake tea. In the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Zhen recorded the process of steaming green tea in detail in the Agricultural Book. Volume 10. Hundred Valley Spectrum. Steam, spread a thin layer with basket foil, knead it, bake it, spread it evenly on fire, and dry it without scorching. "

From Song Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty, cake tea, dragon and phoenix group tea and loose tea coexisted at the same time. In the Ming Dynasty, due to the imperial edict issued by Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Emperor, in 139 1, the Dragon Group was abolished and scattered tea was promoted. This makes steamed green tea very popular.

(4) From steaming to frying.

Compared with cake tea and group tea, the aroma of tea leaves is better preserved in steamed green tea. However, steamed green tea still has the disadvantage that the aroma is not strong enough. And then he appeared.