Yu Garden is the earliest Fengtai Garden in Song Dynasty, and it is the "Xi Garden in Gong Wei" of Sun Xufu, King Xu Da V of Zhongshan in Ming Dynasty. The Xu family is not backward, and the gardens have successively changed owners to "Wang Garden" and "Wu Garden". After Qianlong, the garden gradually declined. In the 13th year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1874), Suzhou appointed Hu Enxie, the magistrate, to buy the abandoned old site of Xiyuan, and the next year, he spent huge sums of money to build Yuyuan. Hu Enxie quit her job at the height of her career to take care of her mother. "I think I'm stupid, so I call it a foolish garden", which can be described as "a wise man and a fool", but the folk custom calls it "Hu Jia Garden". Hu Enxie: As a general of the Qing army, he fought against the Taiping Army, entered Jiangning Weaving Institute and Suzhou Weaving Institute, and then sorted out Xuzhou coal and iron mine affairs. He made outstanding achievements and was written into the draft of Qing history with "loyalty, filial piety and great virtue".
In the history of Yuyuan Garden, there were many wars. First, it was destroyed by Zhang Xun braid soldiers who restored the Qing court, and then it was fully restored and expanded by the Hu family, but it was also destroyed by the Japanese invaders who occupied Nanjing. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Hu family had no financial resources to repair it. Later generations can only open teahouses in the garden and sell paintings and calligraphy for a living. After liberation, Yu Garden became a place where residents lived together. In recent years, after five years of renovation, the historical features of Yu Garden have been restored again, and it was officially opened to the public in May 20 16.
When you enter the Yuyuan Garden, the first building you see is the Qiushui Pavilion. The name of the pavilion is taken from The Book of Songs Qin Feng, which is the place where Hu Enxie, the owner of the garden, enjoys studying in Holland. In front of the pavilion, you can overlook the silly lake scene of "on the water side" Couplets: Travel around the mountains and near the water, sing for fun, watch the sky and the earth, and embrace and share.
Taihu Stone, located under the east wall of Qiushui Jianjia Museum, is a major feature of Yu Garden.
The square pavilion in Yugong Lake is by the water.
Kegeng Caotang, located on the south side of the entrance to Yuyuan Garden, is the place where Hu's descendants used to study farming and irrigation. When Hu Enxie was alive, he attached great importance to farming and gardening. He often gathered his family's women and children here for demonstrations, or watered flowers and trees, or cultivated crops, so as to educate them and let them understand that "weeding clouds in the rain is a career" and "putting on a cloak to wipe the moon is always leisure".
Yu Garden is divided into two gardens, the outer garden can enjoy the panoramic view of Yuhu Lake, and the inner garden can enjoy the beautiful scenery of rockery. Qingyuan Hall is the main hall outside the inner garden. It is located in Shan Zhinan, Hubei Province, with five bays and floor-to-ceiling doors and windows. It is spacious and bright. It used to be famous for its beautiful scenery in front of and behind the house. The platform in front of the hall into the depths of the lake is the place where celebrities such as Li Hongzhang, Ceng Guoquan and Zhang Zhidong came to live in elegance, enjoy the scenery and the moon, and compose poems. Couplets outside the door: the eternal month of love; When the window is safe, the Six Dynasties Mountain.
Castle Peak Bandu Building, with three rooms on the front and two floors on the upper and lower floors, is the Hujia Library with small tiles and floor-to-ceiling doors and windows. There are books upstairs and reading rooms for children and grandchildren downstairs. Hu Enxie once said in his poem: "Teenagers don't know how to learn, but bosses are ashamed of fasting." I dabble in closed households, but my days are not enough. Build a library for future generations to read. It is better to hide gold and jade than to say that you can't read. " According to records, the library has a maximum collection of more than 10 thousand volumes.
Shuishiju, located in the east of Bandu Building in Qingshan, is separated from Qingyuan Hall by a wall, and the scenery is not inferior. Hu Enxie once sang a poem praising: "The south window faces Qingxi and the north window faces steep rocks. The lotus is full of steep ponds, and a few seats are fragrant. You don't have to play the piano or play chess. The guests came to greet them and sat comfortably. " Later, it was the secret room of Hu Enxie's stepson Hu Guangguo's self-cultivation. The same hobby, Hu Guangguo often gathers with them in this house to keep warm in winter and enjoy flowers in spring and summer.
When you enter Moon Cave, you will arrive at an inner garden rockery that imitates Suzhou gardens.
The rockery in the inner garden is called "Jinling Lion Forest". There are not only "Little Canglang" pavilions in the lion forest, but also a hexagonal pavilion named "Rest Pavilion" and "Good Place on the Mountain" on the rockeries on the east and west sides.
There are not only rockeries but also many kinds of fruit trees in the park. Pomegranate, grapefruit, medlar and hawthorn have already borne fruit.
Fruitful trees are also the time when maple leaves are red.
A section of white wall is directly hollowed out, and leaves and flower patterns are formed on the white wall, which has a unique shape and unique flower windows, adding to the beauty of the garden.
Rong 'an Pavilion, located in the north of Lion Forest, is the living area of Hu family, including kitchen, dining room, servant room and granary. Sitting facing south, the door is engraved with four characters of "Rong 'an Courtyard", and the door couplet reads: Sitting with a long moon, the window is naive for the Six Dynasties Mountain.
Couplet: If you are not satisfied with everything, you can be dissatisfied with nothing.
In the promenade, holes and windows with different shapes and strange styles frame the scenery outside the wall into the window.
Fenyin Xuan means borrowing more shade. There is an ancient ginkgo tree outside the wall of Yuyuan Garden, which forms a shade outside the wall, covering a corner of Yuyuan Garden. Hu Enxie has a poem saying: "Divide this half-yin and protect my name bloom."
Chunhui Hall, located in the courtyard surrounded by the sound hall and the long corridor, was specially built by Hu Enxie to support his mother and repay the kindness of parenting, and it was also the place where the garden owner held important activities. The name of Chunhui Hall is taken from Meng Jiao's "Ode to a Wanderer", which says, "If you know an inch of grass, you will get three Chunhui". Couplets: an inch of grass does not grow like a stone; Famous gardens and green waters live on balconies.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Yu Garden became a place for celebrities to exchange visits and meet big events. Li Hongzhang, Zuo, Zhang Zhidong and other important officials of the Westernization School in the late Qing Dynasty are all guests here. 1965438+On March 29th, 2002, Sun Yat-sen, the provisional president of the Republic of China, held a farewell party with the ministers of Nanjing Provisional Government, the garrison governor, the commanders of various military divisions and brigades in Yuyuan Garden. After the meeting, he took a group photo in front of Chunhui Hall. In April, 1 officially resigned as interim president.
The octagonal entrance of the promenade
Wuyin Jingshe is a Buddhist temple where Hu Enxie's mother recites scriptures and worships Buddha. The surrounding trees are lush, fragrant and quiet.
? Moon Cave Gate, Lotus in the Mirror
Looking east at the "water side" in the silly lake?
The bonsai room of flowers and plants by the West Lake
I don't know the name of the two-story building here.
The "Liu 'an Wave Light" Pavilion, located on the west bank of Yuhu Lake, is a resting place for watching willows in the garden.
Walking through the small stone bridge, I began to walk up a hill that is not too high, which is also the only mountain in the stupid garden.
Spring Waterhouse, built on the gentle slope of the west of the lake, is shaped like a "concave" from west to east, with small tiles covering the top, floor-to-ceiling doors and windows, a book "Spring Waterhouse" on a black background, and a gold plaque hanging under the eaves. Xuan Lian: Take off the hotel, let me sleep soundly, let me be lazy, let me be intoxicated and be a beauty.
On the roadside, a hibiscus flower is blooming and enjoying the autumn wind. Hibiscus, also known as hibiscus, is a deciduous shrub or small tree of Malvaceae and Hibiscus.
There are countless hibiscus beside the water, and the color is not strong. Like a newly drunk beauty, she wants to mend her blue glasses. Mu Furong —— Wang Anshi in Song Dynasty
Looking at the "Qiushui Pavilion" from the mountain road.
Come to the top of the mountain, the courtyard here is called "Urban Forest", and there are several tea rooms in it, which are places to taste tea and learn tea art. Couplets: Tea tasting is more precious than gold and music, and your heart is like autumn moon and spring clouds.
Sunset flowers and purple bamboo plums on the fence compete with each other.
Overlooking the mountains, the Huguang Pavilion is close at hand.
Yanqing Pavilion, two stories high, is located on the hillside southeast of Yuyuan Garden. Because of "boarding the pavilion, the mountains in the northeast are smoky and misty. It occupies a few seats and is called' Yanqing' because of the famous pavilion. There is a rockery to the east of Yanqing Pavilion. Climb the rockery stone steps to the second floor of Yanqing Pavilion.
All the way down the mountain back to Kegeng Caotang, which is close to the east gate of Yuyuan Garden.
Castle Peak Bandu Building in the distance.
In the middle of a stupid lake, by the water.
In and out of the Moon Cave Gate in the Inner Garden, the stone in Taihu Lake is like a tiger and lion.
Out of the stupid garden, there are hollowed-out flowers and plants on the powder wall outside the garden. This kind of fence has never been seen anywhere else, so it is the only foolish garden.
Nanjing, the beautiful land in the south of the Yangtze River, the imperial capital of Jinling, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties and the metropolis of the Ten Dynasties, is like an endless classic book, which makes people fondle it. It is also like a cup of sweet and rich old wine, which makes people reluctant to put a cup.