environment
The landscape design of residential area is not a simple greening design, it includes greening, paving, marking system, landscape lighting, landscape waterscape and landscape sketch. The design of these six aspects will ultimately achieve the ecological, functional and dynamic effects of the whole landscape system. The living environment not only includes the greening rate, but also includes greening, fences, gates, activity facilities, various indication signs, waterscapes, reliefs, sculptures, lighting facilities and audio facilities. And these contents must be organically combined with residential buildings. As far as greening is concerned, it is not a simple greening. We must consider the proper collocation of trees, shrubs, vines, herbs and flowers, the collocation of fruit trees, medicinal materials and ornamental plants, and the application of various means of plane greening and three-dimensional greening. The landscape in the residential area is not only for residents to enjoy, but also must match the leisure activities of residents, that is to say, residents can wander among them and actually use these landscape facilities. For example, scattered structures in the centralized open space of residential areas should form large or small, public or private activity spaces to meet the needs of different activities. Open spaces can be used for residents to do morning exercises or hold the masses collectively.
The Japanese summed up eight elements of a comfortable environment:
1) The air is fresh, pollution-free and odorless; 2) Quiet and noiseless; 3) Colorful greening;
4) Close to the waterscape; 5) The streets are beautiful and tidy; (6) Having historical and cultural sites; 7) There are places and spaces suitable for people to walk;
8) There are recreational facilities.
One of them is. People are most concerned about the three elements of quietness, air and greening, which are listed as the basic elements of comfort.
At present, China mainly uses five indicators to measure comfort:
1) residential density; 2) Green space area; 3) Standards for outdoor venues and facilities;
4) outdoor environmental noise standard; 5) sunshine.
The standard of modern residential area: a residential area with beautiful ecological environment; A scenic residential area; Residential areas with excellent functional quality; Can a residential area with excellent people's culture, that is, a residential area with sustainable material and spiritual development, meet people's needs in physiology, health, safety, culture, psychology, comfort, communication and leisure? 6? 8 。
The landscape design of residential area includes the research and utilization of the natural conditions of the base, the treatment and display of the spatial relationship, and the integration and coordination with the overall style of residential area. The design principle of living environment should be that the content and scale of the environment should be suitable for the identity and culture of the occupants; The core of landscape is ecology; The content and form of design are local, national, modern, simple and simple. The construction of spatial environmental image of residential area should adhere to the purpose of pleasure, convenience and service to people, and follow the principle of taking people's perception as the design basis.
Nowadays, the environmental design of many residential areas places too much emphasis on decorative landscapes, such as sculptures, fountains, pavilions and marble pavements, which are actually misleading. The core of residential landscape should be ecology and nature.
1) When choosing the location of the residential area, we should first consider the ecological environment, ensure the fresh air, convenient transportation, adequate sunshine and good ventilation in the residential area according to the ecological requirements and the principle of "people-oriented", and combine with the big environment, adjust measures to local conditions and give full play to the location advantages. Residential areas can learn from China's ancient garden architecture. Functionally, as Qian Xuesen said, "there are schools, shopping malls, restaurants, entertainment places, places to walk around in daily life, and green gardens to rest." This is the architecture and garden enjoyed by ancient emperors, so that residents of modern China can also enjoy it. " The residential area is mainly residential, with education, medical care, culture and entertainment, physical exercise, transportation, landscaping and other functional areas. Should be around the residential center, according to people's needs reasonable layout.
2) Roads in residential areas should be diverted reasonably to reduce the impact on residence. Traffic is people-oriented, that is, pedestrians are given priority, and cars cannot interfere with the living environment. People and cars can be diverted if conditions permit. Traffic roads in residential areas should be arranged on the principle of facilitating residents' access and relocation, meeting the needs of fire fighting and rescue, reducing the interference to life and ensuring the peace of life, so as to meet the requirements of accessibility, safety, convenience, integration and multi-level. The road system of residential area should be well-graded, clear in structure, smooth and not worn. Environmental landscape roads require vivid and tortuous road layout. People are infected by the environmental atmosphere in the process of passing through the road, and the theme of the landscape is expressed through the road.
_ _ The road in the landscape does not refer to the street with traffic function as its main function, but attracts people and guides residents into the scene through the road. This requires the landscape road to be "unexpected and everyone wants it". At the right time, through ingenious arrangements, people feel that "the mountains and rivers are endless and there is no road, and there is another village in the dark", which gives people a sigh and a beautiful feeling and makes the road full of human touch and welcome. In addition, beautiful and recognizable road alignment, clear road system, good broken organization and pavement are also the key points to reflect the quality of living environment.
3) The number of parking spaces in parking lots in residential areas should be appropriate and set reasonably, which is conducive to optimizing the environment, saving land and reducing the interference to residents. The layout of parking spaces should not affect the beauty of the environment. Air pollution and noise interference should be reduced as much as possible and land should be saved. It is more appropriate to set up underground and semi-underground parking lots in residential areas, which generally have the following forms:
A. Combination of semi-underground parking lot and greening-planting in the same plane at the top of the parking lot.
Shrubs, flowers, lawns, flower stands and flower beds kill two birds with one stone.
B. Full underground garage-its top surface should be covered with green soil and connected with the surrounding ground garden.
Combine into one.
E. Parking garage under elevated platform-set an elevated floor in the enclosed space of several houses.
Taiwan, parking below, there is greening and communication space above. But because the garage is close to the house, it is necessary.
Try to avoid causing ten major disturbances to residents.
D scaffolding should be set up when parking in the green belt-use it as little as possible. Not near the building, noise
Less, there are green trees on the roof.
4) As an element of residential landscape, green space is the only ecosystem close to nature in residential area, which plays a vital role in ensuring sustainable living environment and maintaining residents' physical and mental health. There is no garden in the community, and there is a clear landscape axis. Along this main axis, there is no greening of pedestrian street. If possible, introduce water next to the pedestrian street, open up artificial rivers and save water berths. Residential landscape and plants and flowers should be well-defined and colorful. From small roof greening, roadside greening, group greening, small garden, central garden, the space should be clear. In the construction of living environment, we should pay attention to creating interpersonal communication space. Group green space is an ideal and convenient interpersonal communication space, which should be the focus of residential gardens, making it a green space with both ornamental landscape and communication facilities (pavilions, tables and chairs, etc.). ) and convenient for residents to enjoy nearby. Overhead on the first floor of residential buildings is also a good way to green space and increase interpersonal communication. On the shelf floor, facilities for residents' rest, fitness and activities for the elderly and children can be set up. Dwarf plants and flowers that like shade can be planted, and three-dimensional greening can be developed to create an aerial landscape. Gardening is arranged in front of and behind the house, and multi-level main greening is carried out to create a green living space everywhere.
5) The appearance, color and combination of buildings in residential areas are the main body of various material elements, which are numerous and varied, which greatly stimulate people's visual recognition and are important contents reflecting the characteristics of residential areas. Including architectural style and form, the most important thing is that the roof form and building materials and the use of architectural colors are in harmony with the natural environment. The layout of the building is patchy, making full use of the original topography. The building strives for perfect modeling, moderate proportion, harmonious colors and proper coordination with the environment. Building facade modeling and color tone can be multi-modal, carefully designed according to the specific environment, and attention should be paid to coordination, harmony and weight resistance. The facade should prevent monotony and dullness, be smooth, generous, concise and clear, have a sense of rhythm and melody and the characteristics of the times, and stand the test of time. Vertical wall greening, roof greening, building beautification. In the combination of residential buildings, it is necessary to create an external space environment full of life: one way is to enclose a public building space with residential building groups and form several subspaces around the public space; Another combination way is to divide the buildings into several independent small spaces. The combination forms of residential buildings are diverse, and the internal morphological changes of space are endless. A good single building design is not only the success of the functional design of the building itself and the beautiful appearance, but also the organic combination and coordination with the surrounding environment, creating a vivid and beautiful residential space landscape.
6) Architectural sketches not only have functional requirements, but also have the functions of ornament, decoration and beautification. They are the collective names of small buildings, recreational flowers and indicative signs belonging to a certain architectural space environment. Architectural sketches are often an extension or an inseparable part of the composition of architectural groups. As the main body of the building, they beautify the environment, set off the atmosphere, partition the space and set off the decoration for people to rest and enjoy. Such as pavilions, ponds, corridors, bridges, tea leakage walls, sheds, huabiao, roadside walls, flower beds, fountains and various architectural sculptures. Proper use can enrich the cultural and artistic atmosphere, embody the characteristics of residential areas and decorate the landscape. Environmental landscape sketches can make the finishing point in residential landscape. The spatial environmental image of urban residential areas belongs to the "landscape surface" in the composition of urban landscape points, lines and areas, and its landscape environment construction is very important to the overall landscape environmental quality of the city. The core of the image design of residential space environment is to guide the image formation of "home".
First of all, we should create a kind of intimate and peaceful sense of space. Compared with other urban spaces, one of the biggest characteristics of living space is quiet and peaceful. Therefore, the planning and construction of residential areas should focus on the study and determination of reasonable architectural space scale. In addition, the community should have a suitable scale, which is conducive to the planning, design and construction of supporting facilities and environment, and enhances people's sense of belonging to the community.
Secondly, we should create an intimate and harmonious environmental image between man and nature. In the environmental design of residential areas, there should be less artificial traces and more natural elements. As Ji Cheng, a famous gardener in Ming Dynasty, advocated, "Jing Yi, the composition should be appropriate. Although it is made by people, it is natural. "
Third, we should create a simple and warm visual image. When people go home, they always want to feel the spring breeze. Therefore, the architectural image of the residential area should be pleasant, and the color of the residential area should be bright and warm as a whole. Architectural forms and details should be prominent, concise and fresh.
Fourth, we should adjust measures to local conditions, vary from person to person, and create standards for the spatial environmental image of residential areas.
The characteristics of the pool form a space environment image full of life interest and distinct personality.