the Battle of Julu
Julu is a famous county in the history of China. "Julu" was originally a "road". According to Records of the Historian, it was here that Tang Yao gave Yu Shun the Zen position five thousand years ago.
In ancient times, the word "big" was connected with the word "giant", and the word "foot" was similar to the word "deer". At the end of the Warring States Period, Lv Buwei wrote Lu Chunqiu, and wrote the road as "Julu", which is the origin of the name of Julu.
In 22 1 year BC, after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the world was divided into counties, and Julu was one of the thirty-six counties. Zhangshui flows from southeast to northeast in Julu County, from Xianyang to Julu via Handan, and to Shagong (Dune Palace, Shang Zhouwang Ligong and Jiuchi Meat Forest all come from here.
During the Warring States Period, the King of Zhao used this place as an official road. The famous Battle of the Giant Deer happened here in history.
In 207 BC, Zhao Wangxie, Zhang Er and Chen Yu were trapped in Julu. Rebels from all walks of life sent troops to save Zhao at Zhao's request, but they were afraid to go out. Xiang Yu led the Chu army to a decisive battle with Zhang Han, the general of Qin State.
After Xiang Yu led his troops across Zhangshui, he fought a decisive battle with Zhang Han in Julu, and 300,000 people were killed in Qin Jun. This is the most famous example in the history of China, from which idioms such as "cross the rubicon", "take one as ten" and "do nothing" came. So, where is the ancient giant deer where the "Battle of the Giant Deer" happened in this history?
The ancient giant deer is located in the Heilonggang Valley in front of Taihang Mountain, in the alluvial plain of the ancient Yellow River and Zhanghe River. Here, with flat terrain, fertile soil, humid climate, distinct seasons, widely distributed rivers, excellent underground water quality and abundant reserves, it is very conducive to agricultural production and is a land of abundance.
Julu County Administration (Institute) covers an area of about 65,438+0.5 square kilometers, surrounded by the strong city of Zhangshui, with the official road leading to the East China Sea in east longitude and Xianyang, the capital of Handan, in the west. Since ancient times, it has been regarded as one of the key points. "Jifu Tongzhi" said: "Yang Julu, the east control hall, has three ice wells in the west, which is the Tianxiong Xindu Tunnel and is surrounded by mountains."
Thus, Julu County played an important role in the Qin Dynasty. According to exact research, the ancient giant deer is located in the north of Jize County, near Maoguanying Village, for three reasons:
(1) Geography of Hanshu records: "Julu County, the hometown of Qin. Julu (in ancient times, "dwelling" and "dwelling" were common), and Yugong's land was in the north. The sand dune platform made by Zhou is 70 miles northeast. " This is the earliest and most specific record of the location of ancient Julu County from the perspective of orientation. In today's words, the ancient city of Julu is in the south of Zemainland, 70 miles southwest of sand dune terrace. Mainland Ze, also known as Juluze and Guang 'aze, is located at the junction of Longyao, Renxian and Julu counties, and has been silted to the ground. Mainland Ze is just north of Jize County.
Dune Terrace, namely Dune Palace, is a large-scale royal garden expanded in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. It is located in the south of Dapingtai Village in Guangzong County, about 28 kilometers away from Jize County, equivalent to about 67 miles in Han Dynasty.
Hanshu occupies an important position in the history of ancient academic development in China. Its author Ban Gu is a famous historian in the Eastern Han Dynasty. His father Ban Biao compiled 65 post-histories, and Ban Gu completed the compilation of Hanshu on this basis. At that time, Julu County, an important town north of the Yellow River, still existed.
Ban Biao and Bangu, who have always been strict in managing gold, should have no mistakes in recording the management of Julu County, which is equivalent to the seat of provincial administrative institutions. Besides, Ban Biao's father Ban Zhi also worked as a satrap in Guangping, a neighbor of Julu.
(2) There are six maps in the Atlas of China Historical Manuscripts edited by Guo Moruo. From the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, Julu was located in the southeast of Guo Xiang (Xingtai), southwest of Pingxiang or Dune, and northwest of Guangping (Jiuchengying Village, Jize County). As can be seen from the location of the river swamp on the map, Julu City is in the south of mainland Ze, east of Ming River and west of Fuyang River and Zhanghe River. This geographical location is in the northern part of Jize County, Maoguanying area. In particular, the schematic diagram of the Battle of Julu clearly shows that Julu is in the northeast of Handan, about 50 kilometers away from Handan, just north of Jize County.
Guo Moruo is a famous proletarian writer, poet, playwright, archaeologist, thinker, ancient philologist, historian, calligrapher, scholar, famous revolutionary and social activist in modern China. He enjoys a high position in the history of modern literature in China, history and archaeology in China. His textual research is rigorous and scientific, and few people question his appraisal.
At present, the historical maps used in China's historical research and archaeological work are based on the Atlas of China Historical Manuscripts edited by Guo Moruo.
(3) Guang Yun said, "Zhou Wuwang's brother, Mao Gong, later thought it was his surname. Living in a giant deer, avoiding Xingyang's revenge. Han Maoheng studied poetry and made exegesis to teach his disciples. Call Heng a big hairy man and Zhong a little hairy man. " Uncle Mao Zheng (also known as the ancestor of Mao, Wu and Wu) had his fief in Shaanxi, and the fifth Mao Ban (known as Mao Gong Ban in the legend of Mu, the ancestor of Ji Ze) was renamed Julu, also known as Guo Mao.
Tang Xiaoqiwei's Epitaph of Mao Zao records that Mao Sui, who recommended herself, and Scarlett, who annotated The Book of Songs, were both Jize people.
According to the Records of Jize County in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Mao Sui was a native of Maoguanying Village in Jize County, "swallowing dreams with swords" and Scapharca subcrenata was "as righteous as the sun, moon and stars".
Shi Mao of Maoguanying Village said that he lives here and is a local (not an immigrant from Hongdong). According to the Shi Mao Genealogy of Mao Guanying in Jize, Mao Sui is the 22nd grandson of Mao Shuzheng and the 5th grandson of Mao Ban 17, living in Jize, and his ancestors are Mao Heng and Scapharca subcrenata. This shows that the giant deer in Maofen is in the area of Maoguanying Village.