dermatophyte
1. dermatophytes are a group of fungi, including several related dermatophytes (ringworm or ringworm) pathogenic species. Infection may occur in many places of skin and nails; Tinea pedis and tinea cruris are the most common tinea. The main symptoms of beriberi are scaly, itchy and peeling skin on feet and toes. Tinea cruris usually manifests as a burning sensation between the legs. Tinea can produce red slightly raised rings on the skin. Some forms of dermatophytosis can lead to hair loss and even serious lesions. Most dermatophytes spread through skin contact or contact with infectious exfoliated skin cells.
Candida
2. Candida is a genus of yeast fungi, some members of which can cause a disease called candidiasis. According to the Department of Fungology at the University of Adelaide, candidiasis "may be confined to the mouth, throat, skin, scalp, vagina, fingers, nails, bronchi, lungs or gastrointestinal tract, or become systemic, such as sepsis, endocarditis and meningitis." Skin infection takes the form of pink to red rash-like lesions, which usually form one or several large lesions. Candidiasis is most common in newborns, the elderly and people with impaired immune system. The worst and most dangerous form is opportunistic, affecting only those with HIV, leukemia and lymphoma.
cryptococcus
Cryptococcus is a yeast-like fungus, which can cause cryptococcosis, a chronic lung, systemic or meningitis disease. The main culprit is Cryptococcus neoformans, although some other species in Cryptococcus are occasionally responsible. Cryptococcus neoformans almost only affects immune compromise (HIV, etc. ) host, the most common cause of meningitis, but sometimes lead to secondary ulcerative skin infection. Cryptococcus gatti, a branch of Cryptococcus neoformans, is geographically limited to Mexico, Australia and Southern California, which will affect people with healthy immune system. C. gattii cryptococcosis causes brain and lung diseases, usually leading to death.
Aspergillus
Aspergillus, a kind of mold, is found all over the world, although most healthy people have natural immunity to Aspergillus spores in the air. However, those with asthma or fungal allergies may experience more asthma-like conditions. Recently, people with lung diseases are particularly prone to aspergillosis, which can lead to the formation of fungal balls in lung cavities and sometimes lead to hemoptysis. Invasive aspergillosis can form in people with impaired immune system and usually leads to death.
Grape ear mold
5. Grape ear mold is a quite common outdoor mold, sometimes found on wood, paper, gypsum board and other cellulose materials in indoor high humidity areas. It really only becomes a problem indoors; When spores in the air are inhaled in large quantities or continuously, they will cause flu-like symptoms and sometimes cough up blood.
poisonous mushroom
6. Because they must be ingested or eaten to cause harm, the danger of poisonous mushrooms is easier to avoid than other harmful fungi. Novice mushroom gatherers should consult experienced mushroom gatherers, or at least an extensive field guide, in order to correctly identify them. Most poisonous mushrooms will only cause stomach upset or diarrhea, but some will lead to complete renal failure and death. Some potentially deadly species to identify and avoid Morchella pseudomorel, galerinas and certain amanita. Jack-o'-lanterns and green spore mushrooms are a little poisonous, but not fatal. If you think you have found an edible mushroom, first look at some guides and look for any similar species that may be harmful.
The correct spelling is tinea corporis and tinea cruris.
tinea cruris
ringworm of the body
ringworm of the body
synonym
(tinea corporis)
definition
The key feature of tinea corporis is that fungi involve hairless (relatively hairless) skin. Infection is confined to the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Hairs (fine hairs on hairless skin) may be invaded, and hair follicles may become reservoirs of fungi. Tinea pedis, tinea manus and tinea cruris refer to tinea corporis confined to feet, hands and groin respectively. Other than that, they are nothing special. History lesson: The term tinea has an interesting origin. A bug sometimes grows on a blanket. The resulting round hole is similar to a circular lesion seen on the patient's skin. The generic name of this moth is tinea, so this name is used as part of the Latin binomial method for naming these infectious diseases.
epidemiology
The spread of tinea corporis may occur through direct contact with infected animals (especially cats and dogs), infected people or contaminated pollutants (such as furniture and clothes). Like many other skin fungal infections, warmth and humidity are conducive to the occurrence of this infection. Therefore, the incidence of tinea corporis is higher in tropical and subtropical areas.
Tinea imbricata is a rare tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton concentric. This form of tinea is characterized by annular growth in overlapping circles, which may have an autosomal dominant genetic tendency. This may explain that its geography is limited to some areas in the Far East, South Pacific, South America and Central America.
clinical picture
Tinea corporis can appear in any part of the body. Veterinary microorganisms usually affect exposed areas, such as face, neck and arms. On the contrary, anthropophagus usually affects the closed area or wound area of the skin. Many types of clinical manifestations have been described. In order to make things more confusing, although they are all forms of tinea corporis, many of them have different names!
Typical and more common clinical types, in which annular lesions have active, erythematous and spreading edges, and the center is clear, which is called ringworm in common cancer and ringworm in science. When herpetic submucous blisters appear, it is called "bullous tinea corporis".
3-4% of tinea corporis cases have erythema and scaly rash on the face, with or without telangiectasia, atrophy and light radiation. This clinical form is called intrafascial erythema, which may be confused with lupus erythematosus.
When corticosteroids are used to treat any of these dermatophytosis, the skin lesions show atypical appearance and lose the scales peculiar to tinea corporis. Plaques, papules or nodules appear. For this species, the term tinea is used anonymously.
Deep ringworm refers to the appearance of subcutaneous abscess, which is usually related to Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
Bromhidrosis refers to the involvement of armpit (armpit) area.
Other atypical forms of inflammation include the appearance of verrucous lesions, pustular lesions and/or nodular granuloma (Maajoki's granuloma).
tinea cruris
ynonyms
(tinea cruris, tinea groin)
definition
Tinea cruris is an acute or chronic infection of groin, perineum and perianal region.
epidemiology
This dermatophytosis is more common in men. According to Martin and others, the obvious reasons for this phenomenon include:
The temperature, humidity and occlusion of scrotum and inguinal region, especially those related to clothes, are ideal conditions for the growth of these fungi.
Men suffer from other dermatophytosis more frequently, especially tinea pedis, and cross-infection between parts is very common.
Direct contact between infected people and indirect contact with non-living contaminated objects (towels, clothes, sheets, urinals and bedpans) are all routes of transmission. Tropical climate and summer in temperate regions seem to increase this infection rate.
clinical picture
Tinea cruris is a well-defined lesion with a raised erythema margin and thin dry epidermal scales. Papular vesicular lesions may also exist, but pustules caused by candida are very rare. Lesions usually involve the reproductive region and the upper part of the inner thigh in a symmetrical way, but asymmetric involvement may also occur. The scrotum is usually minimally affected, which is in sharp contrast to candida infection in this area ("rubbing"). The spread to pubic region, lower abdomen, buttocks and perianal region is rare, but it can be seen, especially if Trichophyton rubrum is the pathogen [1447]. The patient initially complained of severe itching, but if there was immersion and double infection, the lesion would become painful. In addition to candidiasis ("scrub rash"), differential diagnosis also includes lichen simplex and erythema.
Prognosis and treatment
Local treatment is usually enough to cure tinea cruris. Drugs formulated in powder or minimum occlusive cream base are preferred. Oral antifungal drugs, such as griseofulvin, terbinafine, ketoconazole, itraconazole or fluconazole, are used in cases of extensive and severe inflammation. The recommended scheme is the same as the tinea corporis discussed.
The recurrence rate of this infection is very high, so health measures are essential for long-term success. They should include thorough drying, using well-ventilated clothes and preparing separate towels for the groin area.
Histopathology and laboratory
As mentioned above, tinea cruris is only an anatomical variant of tinea corporis, so pathological and diagnostic considerations are the same.
Fungology (major dermatophytes)
epidermophyton floccosum
microsporum canis
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Trichophyton rubrum
I have to find a way to translate Chinese myself! !