What preparations do college students need to make for starting a business? 1. psychological quality preparation
The so-called psychological quality refers to the psychological conditions of entrepreneurs, including self-awareness, personality, temperament, emotion and other psychological components. As an entrepreneur, his self-awareness characteristics should be self-confidence and autonomy; His character should be strong, persistent, decisive and cheerful; His mood should be more rational. Most successful entrepreneurs are not happy with things or sad for themselves. They are not complacent in the face of success and victory. Don't lose heart and be negative and pessimistic when encountering difficulties, setbacks and failures.
be sure of oneself
Do everything with confidence and believe that you can do it. Do everything possible to overcome your inferiority complex. patience
We should be patient with every little thing, even if we fail many times. You must also start from scratch. Cultivate your patience and tenacity.
unprejudiced
Cultivate yourself into an open-minded person. Ensure that you will not be knocked down when you encounter any difficulties. Be generous to others, especially friends and relatives.
2. Physical preparation
The so-called physical quality refers to good health, abundant physical strength, vigorous energy and quick thinking. The start-up and management of modern small enterprises is arduous and complicated. Entrepreneurs are busy with work, long hours and great pressure. If they are in poor health, they will not be able to undertake the heavy responsibility of starting a business.
Three. Preparation of knowledge and quality
The knowledge quality of entrepreneurs plays an important role in starting a business. In today's knowledge explosion and increasingly fierce competition, it is difficult to succeed in starting a business by relying only on enthusiasm, courage, experience or single professional knowledge. In order to think creatively and make correct decisions, entrepreneurs must master a wide range of knowledge and have a multifunctional knowledge structure.
Specifically, entrepreneurs should have the following knowledge:
Legal knowledge: make full use of flexible policies, act according to law, and protect your legitimate rights and interests with the law. Management knowledge: Understand scientific management knowledge and methods to improve management level.
Professional knowledge: master scientific and technological knowledge related to industries and enterprises, and rely on scientific and technological progress to enhance competitiveness. Financial knowledge: knowledge of market economy, such as financial accounting, marketing, international trade, international finance, etc.
Other knowledge: Have some knowledge of world history, world geography, social life, literature, art, etc.
Four. Professional quality preparation
1, have the ability to plan their own life goals. A person's life orientation is very clear, what is the ultimate goal, the goal is segmented and refined, and an implementation plan can be made, such as: 20 years old, 30 years old, and 40 years old. . . 80 years old, 90 years old, 100 years old; Planning, operating, managing, realizing one's life goals and making the greatest contribution to society are the most meaningful goals we pursue.
2. Have the courage and ability to weigh the trade-offs. In the ever-changing market competition, the ability to make decisive decisions is the crystallization of managers' wisdom, strategy and courage. When making decisions, managers need to choose between one goal and another.
3. Ability to plan and manage. When people want to achieve certain expectations, they often don't calculate the cost. They often rely on their own psychological feelings. When they have big plans but no small plans, they will go anywhere, thus paying a large cost to offset the benefits. When making all decisions, managers should make plans first, and then implement them, because the world is changing, the environment is changing, and people's ideas are changing. Only by scientifically applying planned management can enterprises stand on their feet and develop in the long run.
4, have the ability to establish and improve the enterprise management system. The enterprise system is not rich, but fine, which enters the hearts of every employee. The system not only restricts the behavior of ordinary employees, but also cannot be used by some privileged people. Therefore, enterprises use systems to manage people's behavior; At the same time,
5. Ability to manage information. Information management is an important part of enterprise management activities, and information can only play a role if it is delivered to people in need in time and accurately. The larger the enterprise management system, the more complex the structure, and the stronger the thirst for information. In order to form a unified will and pace, any organization must be able to transmit information to each other accurately and quickly. Managers must rely on all kinds of information from inside and outside the organization to effectively control and manage the enterprise. Information, like talents, raw materials and energy, is regarded as an important resource for the survival and development of enterprises and a prerequisite for the development of enterprise management activities. All management activities are inseparable from information, and all effective management is inseparable from information management.
6. Management by objectives. It combines many key management activities by dividing organizational goals and personal goals, and realizes comprehensive and effective management methods and processes. Management by objectives is a kind of management that emphasizes systematic and overall management, self-control and self-control. It is a future-oriented management that emphasizes performance and results.
7. Have conceptual skills. Using this skill, managers must be able to regard the organization as a whole, understand the relationship between the parts, and imagine how the organization adapts to its extensive environment. This is a very important skill.
8. Is it used well? Authorization? This ability to manage science and art, in today's increasingly fierce competition, managers can not entangle in the details of the specific project action process of enterprises, as far as possible beyond the usual noise, pay attention to the vision of the future and grand plans, and effectively lead the team to the goal through authorization.
9. Have the ability to compare the advantages and disadvantages of projects through financial analysis. Many entrepreneurs or business managers fail to make business decisions through financial analysis. Due to the blind launch of the project, the enterprise's capital turnover is difficult, and its operation is in trouble or even bankrupt.
10, with the ability to use financial leverage and determine the fulcrum. When starting a start-up enterprise (mainly a manufacturing enterprise), the founders usually encounter two problems: first, how much capital investment is needed, and how much output and sales can be formed to make the enterprise profitable; Second, under the given capital demand, how much money you pay and borrow can maximize the economic value of the enterprise. The process of solving these two problems is the decision-making process of how enterprise managers determine the fulcrum of enterprise leverage. The better the fulcrum, the greater the leverage benefit. The goal of using leverage in financial management is to obtain higher income at lower cost on the basis of controlling the total risk of enterprises.
1 1. Have the skills and ability to read and analyze financial statements. It is the basic skill of enterprise managers, and it is not a day's work for enterprises to get into financial difficulties; The financial decline is a gradual process, which can be long or short, but all the signs are clearly presented in the financial statements. If enterprise managers or investors can read and analyze financial statements, get obvious defects in enterprise management and operation, even find potential hidden dangers, make judgments and decisions in time, and implement corresponding measures, it will effectively nip in the bud.
12, with project management ability. Project management is to help enterprises deal with complex problems that need interdisciplinary solution and achieve higher operational efficiency. In the operation of enterprises, it is often necessary to cut off large projects. Through project management, efficiency can be greatly improved.
13, with business negotiation ability. The manager's world is a negotiation table, and negotiation behavior is a very complicated human communication behavior, accompanied by multi-dimensional and complicated communication of negotiators' verbal interaction, behavioral interaction and psychological interaction. The benefits obtained through business negotiation are the pure profits of enterprises, and negotiation is an important profit field in enterprise management.
14, with the ability to deal with enterprise crisis. In the face of major accidents related to the public or customers, the attitudes and decisions adopted by enterprises in dealing with these major accidents and the different attitudes and methods adopted in the face of crises will produce a good corporate image? A little difference, thousands of miles away? Effect.
A small accident or accident in enterprise management will quickly expand to the whole country or even a larger scope, resulting in the deterioration of the consequences.
15, have the courage and ability to analyze yourself and the enterprise and surpass yourself. It is also a self-challenge to hand over yourself and the company to a professional consulting management company in time, analyze yourself and the company layer by layer through professionalism, find out the shortcomings and actively solve the problems;
16, observing professional ethics is as important as protecting your own life, and managers must have this ability. Never set foot in morality.
17, has the ability to build the enterprise into a learning organization. ? The most successful enterprise in the future will be a learning organization-an organization that allows all members from all walks of life to engage in and keep learning? The only lasting competitive advantage of enterprises in the future is the ability to learn faster than competitors; Through continuous learning, the resources of enterprises can be integrated, the old ones can be absorbed, and the ever-changing external environment can always be faced with a brand-new image. ?
18, with good social communication skills. Good interpersonal relationship can not only bring happiness to life, but also help people to succeed. Social ability is an important ability for human survival. Birds of a feather flock together. Most successful entrepreneurs in today's society are born after 50 s and 60 s. They have passed the initial stage of starting a business and operating. They have education, experience and resources. To integrate into their circle, we must have the ability, make friends and be willing to invest in ourselves, including the change of behavior and connotation from the inside out.
19、? Good attitude and great achievements! ? This is an essential ability and accomplishment for enterprise managers. Enterprise managers are the psychological core of enterprises and the responsibility of everyone in the world. Entrepreneurs have a long way to go, and a stable and good attitude is the result of personal cultivation.
20, good health, but also need management, which is an essential ability of modern entrepreneurs. With the accelerated pace of work, diversified lifestyles, increasingly fierce competition and the continuous improvement of people's psychological endurance,
Health is declining. Re-recognize your health and nip the danger in the bud. How to make a correct health plan and guidance to achieve the effect of health care, health preservation and longevity? Entrepreneurs have different values about society. Doing your own health management well is a contribution to society.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) ability and quality preparation
Entrepreneurs should at least have the following abilities:
① Innovation ability
② Analysis and decision-making ability
③ Foresight ability
④ Strain capacity
⑤ Ability of employing people
⑥ Ability of organization and coordination
⑦ Social ability
⑧ Motivation ability
Of course, this does not require entrepreneurs to have all these qualities before starting a business, but entrepreneurs themselves should have the awareness and practical actions to continuously improve their self-directed qualities.
Ways to improve quality: first, by learning, and second, by transformation. If you want to be a successful entrepreneur, you must be a lifelong learner and remoulder.
Professor Rucker of Harvard University once said: Entrepreneurship is a very tempting and challenging thing for most people. Not everyone can succeed, and it is not as difficult as imagined. But anyone who dreams of success, if he knows that his fellow entrepreneurs need planning, technology and creativity, then success is not far from him. ?
It's hard to teach you to do market analysis and prepare for starting a business, and it's even harder to explore entrepreneurial opportunities. Some people attribute the emergence of entrepreneurial ideas to coincidence, so-called? Unintentionally inserted willows into the shade? . However, experts who study creativity believe that creativity is only the tip of the iceberg. Without the usual hard work, the opportunity would not be so coincidental. Countless people saw the apple fall. Naturally, only Newton can produce the association of gravity.
The so-called coincidence or sixth sense intuition is mainly because entrepreneurs cultivate keen observation ability and detect environmental changes on weekdays, so they can form ideas in advance. For example, when the gold rush in San Francisco was formed, countless poor people rushed to Jinshan with good expectations, but Levi's, the founder of Levi's Company, happened to see it? Supply durable canvas? This business opportunity. So, he immediately began to produce jeans made of canvas and sold them to the above-mentioned many gold diggers, which became a beautiful talk for starting a business in the future.
Analyze special events
A blast furnace steelmaking plant in the United States had to buy a mini steelmaking furnace because of lack of funds, and later found that the profit rate of the latter was higher than that of the former. After further analysis, it is found that the market structure of American steel products has changed. Therefore, this steel mill will focus its future investment on mini steelmaking technology that can quickly respond to market demand.
Analyze contradictions
Most of the services and products provided by financial institutions are only aimed at large-scale professional investors, while the ordinary investors, who account for 70% of the market funds, have not received due attention. This contradiction shows that the product market that provides general public investment services will have great potential.
Analytical operating procedure.
In the process of global production and logistics system, we can explore many entrepreneurial opportunities in information service and software development.
Analyze the changing trend of industry and market structure.
Under the trend of privatization of state-owned enterprises and free competition in the public sector, we can explore many entrepreneurial opportunities in the transportation, telecommunications and energy industries. The knowledge economy plan just launched by the government also provides many new entrepreneurial opportunities.
Entrepreneurial motto-When preparing investment and carefully selecting projects,
Part-time job, thinking from the boss's point of view.
It is best for fresh graduates not to rush to start their own businesses, but to work first and go to a company close to their goals. Don't value reward, but treat it as? A workshop? , have a kind of practice and experience.
Attitude towards > waiting for work. Use your eyes to see how the company develops, its business orientation, how it hits the market and how it handles difficulties and contradictions. Think from the boss's point of view. Take the company's difficulties as your own. Often in this process, you know what you can do and what to do.
Prepare investment and choose projects carefully.
Selecting an item is like selecting an object. Choosing an entrepreneurial project requires spending time, suffering a lot, and making great efforts. Once a project is selected, it cannot be easily given up. If you want to do it, you should be prepared to do it for 10 years, otherwise, don't do it. Because you have a process of understanding and running-in for any project, the project itself has a process of development. Take a long view, so that you won't back down when you encounter difficulties.
Pay attention to the procedure when choosing the project. If you want to know what you can do, you must know what you can't do.
Choosing a project is also choosing yourself, and you should be self-aware. It depends on how much knowledge you have accumulated and where your strengths and interests are.
present continuous tense
Thoroughly understand the project.
Each project looks like a whole on the surface, but in fact it is made up of many elements. Break down the project. What is its core technology? What is assistive technology? What are the process conditions and raw materials and where do they come from? What's the price of raw materials? Even what is the packaging of the product? What is the market prospect? Make a list and study one by one. Each item can be tested separately. For example, someone transfers technology to you and asks him to make a sample.
It is not a bad thing that the project is not completed.
Choosing a project is very important, but the quality of the project is not the absolute factor that determines the success of the venture. There is an undeniable fact that successful enterprises do everything; A failed enterprise can do anything. Therefore, the success of a project depends on how you do it and whether you can do it or not. Don't always use it? Market decision? As an excuse.
The above is what I want to offer you. I hope you like it!