Emperor Qianlong was born on September 25th 17 1 1 and died on February 7th 1799. In Changchun, he was named a layman, a master of believing in heaven, and also known as the ancient emperor and the old man. In his youth, he was physically strong, had excellent eyesight, and walked firmly and upright. Although he suffered from "hemorrhoid blood" and frequent urination in his later years, he was quite healthy on the whole. He never used glasses in his life, he was able to go hunting at the age of 87, and he was able to read and write shortly before his death.
Emperor Qianlong was very proud of his longevity. At the age of 70, he wrote "Guxi" specially, liked to carve seals and called himself "Guxi Emperor". At the age of 80, I felt "deeply concerned about my family" and "not particularly rare, unprecedented since ancient times". Therefore, he also carved "Bagua Tubao" and made "Bagua Tubao" to express his feelings for the spring breeze and ambition. After visiting Emperor Qianlong in chengde mountain resort, the British envoy Macartney described Qianlong like this: "Although he is 83 years old, he looks like a 60-year-old man, and his spirit is tough enough to surpass a teenager; When eating and drinking, the order is regular, strict and magical. "
According to common sense, the emperor in feudal society is supreme, and all the people in the world belong to the royal family. Generally, there are three palaces and six hospitals, concubines, debauchery, and decadent life, so many people die early and few live long. So why did Emperor Qianlong live a long life and devote himself to it?
Experts in medical case study in Qing dynasty believe that there are three main reasons for Qianlong's longevity: first, he pays attention to physical exercise, likes hunting and travels to famous mountains and rivers; Second, the law of life, frugal diet, cautious life; The third is to take longevity drugs for a long time.
As early as the Kangxi period, Emperor Kangxi often visited. According to historical records, Emperor Kangxi, who lived for 69 years, went to the south of the Yangtze River six times, traveled to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and visited places of interest in the north and south of the Yangtze River. Four patrols beyond the Great Wall, stationed in Dolonor, Krulun River, Langju Xushan and Suoyurki Mountain. Four visits to Wutai Mountain, a Buddhist holy place, to enjoy the scenery of the north. Climb Mount Tai, worship Dongyue, Le Taiyuan and Le Xi.
Emperor Qianlong, who was bent on imitating his grandfather, also visited Suzhou and Hangzhou, which are known as "paradise on earth", six times in the south of the Yangtze River, and wrote poems on a boat on the Grand Canal, which became a much-told story.
Although the emperor could ride a horse and sit in a sedan chair, the logistics supply was fully guaranteed, but under the material and traffic conditions at that time, it was hard enough to cross mountains and rivers and saddle horses for a long time. This kind of hard training is naturally beneficial to physical and mental health. The author calculated an account: it took 666 days to go to Jiangnan six times, with an average of11day each time. It is natural to have a strong body, which can greatly promote physical and mental health for such a long time.
Besides, Emperor Qianlong, like his grandfather, likes hunting very much. In the fifty-eighth year of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi once said to his bodyguard: "I have won hundreds of tigers, bears, leopards, lynxes, deer, wolves, wild boar and deer with shotgun bows and arrows since I was a child. The rest of the animals have been caught, so it's hard to remember. Another day, * * * Rabbit 3 18. "
Such a large-scale hunting activity undoubtedly greatly enhanced the physique of Kangxi and members of the royal family. Emperor Kangxi was not only keen on riding and shooting to enhance his physique, but also defined riding and shooting as "ancestral system" and asked his younger generation to "be the son of heaven at once". It can be seen that the far-sighted Emperor Kangxi not only regarded riding and shooting as an important way to exercise his body and temper his will, but also as a necessary condition to strengthen his national strength and maintain the rule of the Manchu Dynasty.
Emperor Qianlong inherited the tradition that his grandfather liked riding and shooting. Ganlong liked hunting since childhood and was praised as "good at shooting" by Emperor Ganlong. He was strong, hit the nail on the head and lived to be 89 years old. Emperor Qianlong often filmed outside the palace gate after receiving military attache in summer, and went to the fortress in autumn. When shooting, the rate is three times, three arrows each time, one more shot each time, and nine arrows can be six or seven shots. Last year 10, I accidentally shot a gun in front of the Daxi Gate, and Qian Lu was surprised by something different. So I made a "sacred shooting record" and lamented "the sacred shooting is excellent" and so on.
Emperor Qianlong not only strengthened physical exercise, but also had diverse hobbies and rich spiritual life, which was in line with the truth that "seven emotions (joy, anger, worry, thinking, sadness, fear and surprise) were better than taking medicine". According to historical records, Emperor Qianlong liked listening to songs and often asked musicians to change new songs for him. The so-called "Song of the Moon, Sunny bloom" shows that he understands the relationship between music and health.
Emperor Qianlong also liked to write poems and loved calligraphy. Emperor Qianlong traveled around the world, writing poems and inscriptions everywhere, and wrote 43 poems in his life.
630 songs, the number of which is unparalleled in the history of China. Poetry can express ambition and cultivate temperament, and it is also an experience of "keeping in good health is the most important thing"; Gan Long writes wherever he goes, and his ink is everywhere. This is probably one of the reasons for his long and healthy life. Because writing requires "no emotion, no gain or loss, no honor or disgrace, peace of mind and unity of breath", it inadvertently achieves the purpose of calming the mind, relaxing breathing, strengthening the brain and pulse, promoting blood circulation and strengthening the bones, and calming the nerves. It can be said that it is a way to keep healthy.
When emperor Qianlong summed up his own health care experience, he thought that "saving diet and living carefully is a good cure." "Mortal diet and the like, each chooses his own body, and good things should not be eaten more." He also said that "the elderly should have a light diet, and each dish is less sick, which is good for their health." Therefore, the farmer is strong and healthy until he is old. " These views deserve people's attention today.
In addition, since ancient times, emperors have drunk wine and lusted after sex, which has led to longevity decline, kidney essence loss and instability of the next yuan, so signs of aging are often seen early. Emperor Qianlong's life span reached 89 years, which was related to the control of wine color.
Experts who study medical records in Qing Dynasty believe that the longevity of Emperor Qianlong is also closely related to his daily anti-aging prescription.
Gan Long often takes nourishing prescriptions: Guilingji, Guilingtang, Songling Taiping Chun Liquor, Chunling Yishou Medicinal Liquor, Jianpi Zishen Zhuangyuan Prescription and Secret Guben Xianfang.
Most of these six longevity fairy prescriptions belong to the products of invigorating spleen and kidney. For example, Guilingji prescription consists of a large number of kidney-tonifying drugs, such as ginseng, velvet antler, finch brain, medlar, cistanche deserticola, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Achyranthes bidentata, Eucommia ulmoides and so on. It is mainly used to treat muscle weakness, dizziness, night sweats, nocturnal emission, impotence, abdominal pain and other symptoms caused by yin cold. The secret recipe of Guben Xianfang is composed of 465,438+0 herbs, most of which are products for strengthening kidney and tonifying deficiency, which are slowly adjusted by pills. This prescription consists of a large number of kidney-tonifying drugs such as Psoralea corylifolia, swim bladder, donkey kidney, velvet antler, yellow dog kidney, Alpinia oxyphylla and so on, hence the name "Guben". This is because Chinese medicine believes that the kidney is the innate foundation, the innate foundation is full, and the constitution should be healthy.
Jianpi Bushen Guyuan Formula is composed of Aspongopus, Eucommia ulmoides, Plantago Seed, Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, Herba Epimedii, Fructus Lycii, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, etc. The prescription is supplemented with qi-benefiting drugs such as Rhizoma Cyperi and Radix Aucklandiae, which can not only nourish, but also avoid abdominal distension and its side effects. Aspongopus is an insect belonging to the family Bedbugs. "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that this medicine can treat "deficiency of both spleen and kidney, and strengthen the yang", and the effect of tonifying kidney and strengthening yang is more obvious when combined with kidney-tonifying medicine.
In addition to the above prescriptions, there are Changshou Guangsidan and Sanyi Shenqi Pills, all of which have the function of tonifying kidney. Bazhen Ointment, Ziyin Breeding Pill, etc. Has the function of strengthening the spleen; Tonifying tribulus pill, Qiongyu ointment, five-system Xian Di Jingui pill, etc. Has the functions of invigorating spleen and tonifying kidney; Ginseng, astragalus ointment, bailing pill, Baoyuan Yishou pill, etc. Has the effect of invigorating qi and blood. However, some drugs use the so-called "miracle effect can't be described" when explaining the curative effect, which needs to be confirmed by systematic medical research and a certain number of animal life experiments, and cannot be blindly believed.
Emperor Qianlong never suffered from a serious illness in his life, and his last case proved this. A case of dry pulse in the fourth year of Jiaqing recorded: "The emperor's holy pulse is peaceful, but his qi is weak and his spleen is weak, so he plans to drink Shen Lian. Ginseng is one yuan and five cents, Jianlian San Qian, old rice is fried for one yuan and boiled. " Two days later, on the third day of New Year's Eve, Gan Long died safely. This shows that he basically tried his best and died of natural causes.
By studying the reasons for the longevity of Emperor Qianlong, we can see that China medicine, including the medical records of the Qing Dynasty, is a treasure house of longevity research. In the medical records of Qing Dynasty, there are many prescriptions that can prolong life, such as Huanshao Pill, Qiongyu Ointment, Qin Ge Pill, Ban Long Pill, Qibao Meizhu Pill, Shiseido Pill, Shouwu Yanshou Pill and so on. Most of them have the effects of tonifying kidney and spleen, invigorating qi and promoting blood circulation, which can not only strengthen the foundation and strengthen the yuan, but also replenish the vitality and middle qi. These are all worthy of further study and excavation.
In short, the emperors and empresses of the Qing Dynasty attached great importance to health preservation and longevity, especially Kangxi, Qianlong and Empress Dowager Cixi, who were "rare in the past" in years. Most of them are well versed in the way of keeping in good health that "saints take labor as a blessing and leisure as a curse", which still has certain reference significance.
Emperor Qianlong, the magic weapon of longevity