When I was studying the experience of court health care in the Qing Dynasty, I felt that the health care secret of Emperor Qianlong, who was the oldest in history and died at the age of 89, was particularly worth learning. "Exhale and nourish the heart, exercise the bones and muscles, ten times and four times, and make up in time" are the four aspects of health care for this "ancient emperor" and "perfect old man", and diet health care is an important part of health care. This paper takes a breakfast of Emperor Qianlong as an example.
This is recorded in a food stall in Gan Long on February 23, 54:
Stir-fried chicken, stewed hot pot with sauerkraut, duck hotpot with deer tendons (dismantled), goat silver lamp, soft stewed meat with apples, roasted meat, vinegar bean sprouts, fried shredded pork with leeks, chess steamed buns, hot bean curd buns, steamed rice cakes, dried rice noodles, eight immortals bean curd soup, silver plate side dishes and silver sunflower box side dishes. ...
Imperial meals in the court often change from time to time. This is the breakfast of Ganlong on February 23rd, which is in spring. What principles should spring diet follow? As early as the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao, a hundred-year-old physician, mentioned that one of the principles of dietary nutrition in spring is to "preserve acid and sweeten it to nourish temper", that is, to eat less sour food and more sweet food in spring to protect the spleen and stomach.
Chinese medicine believes that according to the relationship between the five internal organs and the five elements, the liver belongs to wood and tastes sour; Spleen belongs to soil and tastes sweet. Excessive liver qi in spring is easy to damage the spleen, leading to weakness of the spleen and stomach. For the breakfast of Emperor Qianlong listed above, we chose a slightly sour hot pot stewed with sauerkraut, which is called "saving acid" (editor's note: saving means less), in order to avoid excessive liver qi, and we chose various light dishes such as apple soft stew, bean sprouts stewed in vinegar, bean curd soup with eight immortals, hot tofu buns and so on to avoid increasing the burden on the spleen and stomach. At the same time, there are both warm venison and cold duck in this royal meal, which is both cold and warm; Snacks are also thick and thin; Throughout this breakfast, there are grains, fruits, meat and vegetables, and the food is very rich.
As the saying goes, "food tonic is not as good as medicine tonic", that is to say, drugs are toxic in three ways, and timely tonic is the key to health preservation. Diet conditioning before illness, prevention before illness. Of course, it doesn't mean that no matter what kind of physical condition, we should give priority to supplementation, but emphasize reasonable diet, so as to ensure that the body can get more comprehensive nutrition. In Huangdi Neijing, it is also true that "five grains are the supplement, five fruits are the help, five animals are the benefit, five dishes are the filling, and the smells are combined to make up the essence".
The same is true of the health of Emperor Qianlong. It is said that he likes venison, bear's paw and other game very much, and he also likes to eat ducks, which is suitable for both cold and warm. While eating meat, he pays more attention to balanced nutrition and the combination of meat and vegetables. For example, he likes to eat all kinds of beans and vegetables, especially tofu and bean sprouts. He eats hot noodle soup and porridge in the morning and evening, and often likes to eat miscellaneous grains and cakes. According to the food stalls in Qing Palace, Emperor Qianlong had a special hobby for bean food, which was found on the table almost every day and could not be repeated for many days. He often eats many bean dishes, such as bean soup, fried bean sprouts, red and white tofu, boxed tofu, chicken soup tofu, pot collapse tofu and assorted tofu. ...
According to the principle of health preservation in Huangdi Neijing and the experience of health preservation of Emperor Qianlong, the health preservation of modern people should also be combined with vegetables, fruits, livestock and grain.
1
drink
After warming up in spring, compared with winter, the climate is drier, so you can appropriately increase the amount of drinking water to prevent the nasopharynx and lips from drying and peeling. Drinking tea is a good choice.
It is suitable for drinking scented scented tea such as jasmine tea and rose tea in spring, which is helpful to dispel the accumulated cold evil in the human body and promote the rise of yang. Refreshing after drinking can alleviate the phenomenon of "spring sleep".
When making tea, you can cover the cup with transparent glass. Take 3-5g of scented tea and put it in a cup. Brew with boiling water and cool to about 90℃. You can drink it in 2-3 minutes. According to historical records, Empress Dowager Cixi loves to drink scented tea. She often orders people to mix flowers into dry tea and then soak them in a small cup, so that they taste delicious and fragrant. The water used for making tea is the spring water specially transported from Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs that morning. Yuquan water is clean and sweet, and the brewed tea is more fragrant.
In addition, there are many generations of tea in Qing Palace, which is convenient to take and easy to adjust. They can not only prevent and cure diseases, but also preserve health and prolong life, and modern people can follow suit. For example, it is recorded in the original medical records of the Qing Palace: "On the 27th, Li Wanqing asked about his pulse. The symptoms are all good, but the liver-qi is slightly inconsistent. Drink tea instead of liver today. Rhizoma Cyperi, Radix Ophiopogonis, San Qian, Radix Paeoniae Alba, San Qian, and Radix Angelicae Sinensis San Qian. Decoct with water instead of tea. "
In modern application, 6 grams of Rhizoma Cyperi, 9 grams of Radix Ophiopogonis, 9 grams of Radix Paeoniae Alba and 9 grams of Radix Angelicae Sinensis can be selected, washed, put into a cup, soaked in boiling water for 5 minutes to 10 minutes before drinking. The tea formula can nourish blood, nourish yin, regulate liver qi, prevent and treat dizziness, dry mouth and astringent eyes, palpitation and hypochondriac pain, and is also effective for women with blood deficiency and liver depression, irregular menstruation and dysmenorrhea.
2
eat
Chinese medicine believes that the liver is just dirty and spring is active and prosperous. Spring diet should be light, avoid overeating spicy and irritating products to help promote liver fire. So we can usually choose some fragrant and green vegetables to soothe the liver, such as celery, coriander, spinach, Chinese cabbage, bamboo shoots, broccoli and so on.
In spring, the temperature is suitable, and the reproduction speed of various bacteria and viruses is accelerated. You can eat some fungus, mushrooms, all kinds of bean products and other fungi, supplement protein and dietary fiber, and improve immunity. Pineapple, strawberry and apple are rich in vitamin C, which can promote metabolism. Jujube, sweet to the spleen, can tonify the temper, which conforms to the principle of "sweetening" and can be eaten properly in spring.
In order to prevent the rise of liver fire caused by improper diet, we should eat less isothermal dry products of mutton and venison in spring and try not to eat fat meat. We can choose some low-fat meats, such as beef tenderloin, pork tenderloin, chicken breast, duck meat and rabbit meat. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "beef has the same function as Astragalus". The amino acid composition of protein in beef is closer to the needs of human body than pork, and it has the function of improving immunity.
In addition, duck blood is flat and can nourish liver blood. Duck blood and spinach soup together have the effects of nourishing and protecting the liver, soothing the liver and regulating qi. Millet, oat, japonica rice, sorghum and other grains, together with Chinese wolfberry, chrysanthemum, jujube, yam and other medicinal and edible ingredients, can not only nourish the liver and soothe the liver, but also nourish the spleen and stomach, so it is a good choice to drink porridge for health in spring. The specific method can be as follows: wash 30g oats and 30g japonica rice, then cook them with strong fire until they are half cooked, add 20g medlar and chrysanthemum 15g, and then cook them with slow fire until they are porridge. The porridge has the effects of nourishing liver, improving eyesight, clearing liver-fire, invigorating spleen and tonifying kidney, and is suitable for dizziness, headache, red eyes, soreness of waist and knees, etc.
three
mood
In spring, besides reasonable diet, we should also pay attention to adjusting our mood. The liver likes to regulate emotions, but hates depression. Anger hurts the liver, stagnation of liver qi or excessive liver fire can cause dizziness, head swelling, insomnia, boredom or spleen and stomach discomfort, so keeping in good health in spring should make people feel comfortable.
The most important thing is to get enough sleep.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the liver governs the storage of blood, and "blood belongs to the liver when people lie down". According to the running time of the twelve meridians, 1 from the morning to 3 am, blood flows through the liver. At this time, the liver meridian is at that time, and the body should rest completely, otherwise it will affect the repair function of the liver. At the same time, don't do too much mental work at night, and try to sleep before 23 o'clock, so as to ensure better sleep quality. When encountering life stress events, you need to learn to adjust yourself, or talk to others to correct your bad emotions.
four
sports
Exercise is also an important way to adjust mood and keep fit. When spring is in full bloom, moderate exercise in the nature with fresh air can make the body get rid of the old and take in the new, stretch the bones and muscles, and contribute to the promotion of yang.
Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty once defined riding and shooting as the ancestral law, and taught the children of the royal family to "learn to ride and shoot, not to be extravagant". They should not be arrogant and lazy just because they are children of the royal family, but should learn to ride horses and shoot arrows. Therefore, under his influence, Emperor Qianlong liked riding and archery since childhood, and was good at archery and equestrian. He once played a great role in several royal archery competitions in the summer resort. According to historical records, he used to show his archery in front of princes and ministers, but he could shoot nine shots and hunt in the paddock until he was 80 years old.
In spring, we should also take time out to do some aerobic exercise every day, such as walking, jogging, playing Tai Ji Chuan, riding a bike and climbing mountains. It can relax our body and mind and enhance our resistance. Of course, the exercise should not be too intense or too long, and you can exercise 1 hour to 2 hours every day according to your own situation.
However, too intense physical exercise may not only damage muscles, ligaments, joints and so on. It can also lead to myocardial ischemia, especially for people who don't exercise for a long time and suddenly do strenuous exercise. Some patients with cardiovascular diseases should pay more attention to the fact that proper exercise can strengthen the body, but too long and strenuous exercise may increase the heart load.
In addition, the early spring sunrise is late, and there is insufficient oxygen in the air in the morning, which is not suitable for morning exercise. The exercise time can be selected between 14 and 19. Studies have shown that human body functions begin to rise after 14, and 17 to 19 reach the best. Obviously, the choice of exercise at this time is more appropriate.
Finally, as a cardiologist, I want to remind readers to keep warm in spring. The temperature changes frequently in spring, and the temperature difference between morning and evening is large. Human blood vessels contract and relax with the sudden change of temperature, which easily leads to diseases such as unstable blood pressure and acute myocardial infarction. So pay attention to keep warm, especially those who already have cardiovascular disease.
"Spring covers and autumn freezes" is a health care experience that adapts to the climate. If the clothes are too thin, it will not only induce cardiovascular diseases, but also be attacked by the evil of wind and cold, resulting in respiratory diseases. In addition, patients who are prone to cardiovascular diseases or have been clearly diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease and arrhythmia. We should pay close attention to the hospital to carry out relevant examinations and seek medical treatment in time to avoid cardiovascular events.