Components of ecosystem: abiotic substances and energy, producers, consumers and decomposers. Producers are the main components. Inorganic environment includes sunlight and all other basic substances that constitute an ecosystem: water, inorganic salts, air, organic matter, rocks and so on. Sunlight is the direct energy source of most ecosystems, and water, air, inorganic salts and organic matter are all indispensable material bases for living things.

Producers mainly refer to green plants and photosynthetic bacteria, such as cyanobacteria and green algae. They can convert solar energy into chemical energy, and synthesize inorganic elements, water and carbon dioxide in the environment into organic substances such as protein, carbohydrates and fats. It is the source of energy for all living things in the world. Without producers, the photosynthetic function and the whole life system of green plants will cease to exist. ?

Therefore, it is an indispensable part of the ecosystem. Consumers are heterotrophs, which can be divided into herbivores according to their consumption objects, also known as first-class consumers; Carnivores, also known as secondary consumers. Reducing agents mainly refer to microorganisms and fungi, but also include some protozoa and humus. They can decompose complex animal and plant organic residues and animal excreta into water, carbon dioxide and inorganic elements, and return them to the environment for reuse by producers.

Extended data

Ecological function

1, energy flow

Energy flow refers to the process of energy input, transmission, transformation and loss in the ecosystem. Energy flow is an important function of ecosystem. In an ecosystem, the close relationship between organisms, environment and organisms can be realized through energy flow. Two characteristics of energy flow: energy flow is one-way; The energy decreases step by step.

2. Material circulation

The energy flow of ecosystem promotes the circulation of various substances between biological community and inorganic environment. The substances here include the basic elements of organisms: carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and toxic substances represented by DDT, which can exist stably for a long time;

The ecosystem here is not a small pool at home, but the whole biosphere. The reason is that the gas circulation and the water cycle are global. For example, in May 2008, scientists detected the fat-soluble pesticide DDT in the subcutaneous fat of Antarctic penguins. These DDT enter penguins from distant civilization through global biogeochemical cycle.

3. Information transmission

Physical information: refers to information transmitted through physical processes, which can come from inorganic environment/biological community, mainly including sound, light, temperature, humidity, magnetism, mechanical vibration, etc. Eyes, ears, skin and other organs can receive physical information and process it. Plant flowering belongs to physical information.

Chemical information: Many chemicals can participate in information transmission, including alkaloids, organic acids and metabolites, and special organs such as nose can receive chemical information.

Behavioral information: Behavioral information can spread between the same species and one species. Behavioral information is varied, such as the "circle dance" of bees and the "courtship show off" of birds.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ecosystem Component

Baidu encyclopedia-ecosystem