Pueraria lobata is mainly distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Gansu.
Born in grass on hillsides or roadsides and wet places, or in valley forests at an altitude of 1000-3200m.
First, the cultivation method
(1) Propagation methods include layering, cutting, seeds and roots, among which cutting, layering and roots are more commonly used. Propagation by layering: When the summer grows luxuriantly, select the stout, disease-free and older kudzu vine, dig the soil under every 1-2 knots, and press the knot with a mound to press the knot in the soil. If the weather is too dry, water it to take root. After rooting, apply light manure and pay attention to weeding. Before germination in the early spring of the following year, it was cut into individual plants and dug up for planting. Cutting propagation: before germination in early spring, select kudzu vine with short nodes and growth of 1 ~ 2 years, cut a section every 2 ~ 3 nodes, and directly cut in the producing area. Seed propagation: when pods are ripe from September to 65438+1October, they are collected, dried, threshed, winnowed and stored for later use. In the second spring, it was planted directly in the producing area. Root propagation: when digging in winter, cut off the root about 10 cm long and plant it directly in the production area.
(2) Planting and soil preparation: Pueraria lobata is long and fat and buried deeply. Before planting, dig holes according to the row spacing of 1.5m and the hole spacing of 1m, the hole diameter is 40-50cm, and the digging depth of the soil in the hole must be about 33cm. Compost is applied to each hole or 2 ~ 3 kilograms of fire ash is mixed with human excrement to store water, which is mixed with the soil in the hole. If marginal land is used for sporadic planting, there is no need to dig a big nest for planting. Planting: ① layer seedling and root seedling planting: from June 65438+February to the next year before germination, planting 1 ~ 2 plants per hole. After planting, the fine soil will be filled and compacted, and the soil surface will be covered with a layer of loose soil, so that the roots can't be seen. Finally, every hole should be watered with light human excrement to facilitate survival. ② Direct cuttage of pueraria lobata: cut 2-3 roots per hole, each with 2-3 knots. However, due to the long internodes of kudzu vine and the long cuttings, if the cuttings are inserted directly or obliquely, the lower nodes are buried too deeply, and the new kudzu roots are easily restricted by the hard soil at the bottom of the cave, which affects the growth and development, and also brings inconvenience to digging kudzu roots in the future. Therefore, it is best to put the cuttings into the annular or annular horizontal hole with a buried depth of 60. If the soil is dry, spray water in time after planting to keep the soil moist in order to survive. ③ Direct seeding of seeds: sowing before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day. Soak the seeds in clean water at 30 ~ 35℃ for 24 hours, take them out to dry the surface moisture, dig shallow holes in the ground, sow 4 ~ 5 seeds in each hole, then apply human manure, and finally cover them with fine soil with a thickness of 3 ~ 4 cm.
Second, on-site management
(1) After all the direct seeding seedlings are planted, they should be evenly planted and replanted, with 2 strong seedlings per hole1~ to make up for the missing seedlings. After the seedlings are transplanted, the roots can be properly fixed with diluted human and animal feces. Weed frequently at seedling stage, and topdressing with 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea solution for 2 ~ 3 times. From the second year, the management is the same as other seedlings.
(2) After intertillage fertilization, planting pueraria lobata, intertillage and weeding for three times in the first year, the first time after the seedlings are in full bloom, the second time in June-July and the third time after defoliation in winter. Starting from the second year, intertillage twice a year, after the first spring seedling comes out and the second winter leaf withers. Farming requires weeding and shallow hoeing. After intertillage weeding, topdressing, 600 ~ 800 kilograms of manure water per 667 square meters in the first year. In the next few years, it is necessary to apply less nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers such as calcium superphosphate and fly ash to promote root growth.
(3) Remove the terminal buds and inflorescences. When the vines grow to about 2 meters in summer when they are planted in 1 ~ 2 years, the terminal buds should be removed to promote branching and increase the leaf area. From May to July every year, in addition to carefully planting flowers in a planned way, inflorescences should be removed in time to reduce the consumption of nutrients.
Third, pest control.
Pueraria lobata has fewer diseases, and pests such as crickets and scarabs mainly harm stems and leaves during the growth period. Pesticides can be sprayed according to plant protection measures, and spraying new high-fat film can enhance the efficacy.
(1) Crickets eat seedlings. Control method: 80% dichlorvos EC can be sprayed with 2000 times solution.
⑵ The adults of scarab come out to bite the leaves in the evening of May and June. The control method can be trapped by light, or sprayed on the leaves with 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times solution, or shaken to kill kudzu vine when it faked its death.
Fourth, harvest
Pueraria lobata is cultivated for 3 ~ 4 years. After leaves turn yellow in winter, it is excavated before germination in spring. First, cut off the stems and vines, dig out the roots, cut off the roots as seeds, remove the sediment, scrape off the rough skin, and cut them into oblique slices with a thickness of1.5 ~ 2cm, or cut them into pieces with a thickness of1.5 ~ 3cm after bisection, and then put them on the kang with cuttings, and quickly dry them with anthracite fire. If it is cut and smoked with sulfur overnight, the quality will be better. After harvesting and sowing, kudzu roots can be excavated in the same year or the next year. Generally speaking, 1 1-65438+ February has the highest starch content. When digging, you can dig big and leave small, so you can benefit from this investment for a long time.