In view of the waterproof and leak-patching of floor external walls in China, what are the regulations on waterproof and leak-patching of floor external walls in China at this stage? What is the basic situation? The following is the related content of professional architectural terminology of building exterior wall line compiled by Zhong Da Consulting Bianxiao Company, and the basic situation is as follows:

Bian Xiao inquired through the architectural knowledge column of "Building Network", an encyclopedia website of the construction industry, and sorted out the relevant contents of waterproofing and leakage prevention of the external wall of the building floor. The basic situation is as follows:

Basic situation of waterproof and leakproof for external wall of floors:

First, try to avoid and reduce concrete cracks.

1, to enhance the crack resistance of concrete. Due to temperature difference shrinkage, drying shrinkage, load and other factors, the structural layer often deforms and cracks, resulting in cracks in the surface concrete. Rib should be strengthened and heat preservation and moisture preservation measures should be taken. It is best to use materials such as double-sided rib and blanket.

2. Strictly control the silt content in sand and stone, and try to choose clear water sand. A large amount of silt or too fine sand can easily lead to concrete cracks.

3. Choose ordinary cement with relatively good performance or high-quality 32.5 composite cement from Dachang. Since the implementation of the new national standard for cement on June, 2008, the old 32.5 ordinary cement no longer exists. At present, 32.5 cement is composite cement, which has large shrinkage, easy cracking and easy carbonization of concrete.

4. Strengthen the early curing of concrete and control the evaporation rate of free water in concrete. When constructing in an environment with high weather temperature and high wind speed, we should try to avoid using fresh high-temperature cement just pulled from the manufacturer, reduce the foundation temperature of fresh concrete, and cover it with plastic film or felt to avoid plastic cracks (cracks) on the concrete surface due to rapid evaporation of water and rapid shrinkage of volume. Because the surface layer of concrete mortar is too thin, stones are easy to cling to the surface layer or be exposed, and the upper mortar is easy to crack here after shrinkage, resulting in seepage channels.

5. Ensure the curing quality of concrete. Water loss during concrete curing, insufficient hydration of cement, dense internal microstructure or surface cracking; Or when the concrete strength is not enough, it rains and waters too early, and the concrete mortar surface layer is soaked, which reduces the impermeability of concrete. If conditions permit, when the concrete reaches a certain strength, it can be cured by storing water or covering with wet felt, and the mortar surface must be kept complete and dense.

Second, strengthen the construction work and improve the compactness of concrete.

1, the water-cement ratio of concrete is the decisive factor to control its compactness. The slump of concrete should not be too large, otherwise too much water will form many tiny pores and cavities in concrete after evaporation, which will reduce the compactness of concrete.

2, cement dosage shall not be too small. In general, cubic concrete should not be less than 7 packages; If the dosage of cement is too small, the cement can not completely wrap the surface of sand and gravel, nor can it completely block the gaps between stones.

3. The sand ratio should not be too low and the stone size should not be too large. The sand content is 35% to 40%, the stone size should be 2 cm, and the number of needles should not be too much. Unreasonable sand ratio, too many stones and too thick, the increase of sand content will not increase the cement content in proportion, which will not only affect the compactness of concrete, but also affect the strength of concrete.

4. Inadequate vibrating of concrete, and insufficient discharge of air bubbles and excess water in concrete will also cause unconsolidation and affect strength.

5. After the concrete is collected, it should be leveled twice, and the capillary holes should be closed to avoid defects such as shelling and sanding, otherwise it will also affect the impermeability of concrete.

Three, waterproof leak method

A, ground treatment for leakage: punch the leaking part with a chisel or an impact drill, and flush the hole with water; Plastering: the base surface must be fully wet, and the base surface should be firm, clean, smooth and not concave and convex. In places with serious water leakage, holes should be made to draw water.

B, in strict accordance with the material ratio, mix evenly and delicately.

C, combined with reinforced polyester cloth, adopt the construction technology of "three coats and one cloth" or "more coats and more cloths".

D. Precautions: The mixed materials should be prepared as required, and the mixed materials must be used up before solidification; Try to avoid construction in the hot sun. If the coating is cured under the scorching sun, shading measures and wet curing should be added in time, and antifreeze should be added for construction below 0℃. Materials should be stored in a dry place indoors. After the packaging bag (cover) is assembled and disassembled, the remaining materials should be tied tightly (screwed firmly) to avoid moisture.

Four, crack grouting construction method

A drilling: the principle of hole arrangement is to make it sparse first and then dense, then center the hole and punch it with a blower to thoroughly clean up the sediment and silt in the hole. Through drilling, we can understand the communication relationship between holes, so as to determine the grouting hole and exhaust hole;

B Grouting: Before grouting, water injection test should be carried out to check whether the holes are clear, and then the ultra-early strength self-leveling cement-based grouting material should be pulped with a blender according to the ash-water ratio of 1:0.4. After the prepared slurry is put into the slurry storage barrel, it is pumped to the working face by pressure for grouting, and the stone strength can be ensured according to the setting time of the slurry during the grouting process.

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