Acupuncture consists of "needle" and "moxibustion", which is one of the important components of Chinese medicine. Its contents include acupuncture theory, acupoints, acupuncture techniques and related instruments. In the process of its formation, application and development, it has distinctive Chinese national culture and regional characteristics, and is a valuable heritage based on Chinese national culture and scientific tradition.
origin
Acupuncture medicine first appeared in Huangdi Neijing more than two thousand years ago. Huangdi Neijing said: "Cold is all diseases, so moxibustion is appropriate", which refers to moxibustion, in which the shape of nine needles is described in detail, and the theory and technology of acupuncture are described in great detail. Acupuncture has been popular in China for more than two thousand years and spread all over the world. Acupuncture appeared earlier.
In ancient times, people were accidentally hit by some sharp and hard objects, such as stones and thorns, and the accidental pain was relieved. The ancients began to consciously stab some parts of the body with some sharp stones or artificially puncture the body to make it bleed to relieve the pain. It has been mentioned many times in ancient books that the original tool of acupuncture and moxibustion is bian stone, which is called bian stone. This kind of stone appeared in the Neolithic Age about 8000 to 4000 years ago, which was equivalent to the later period of clan commune system. People have mastered the digging and grinding technology, and can make some exquisite stone tools suitable for piercing into the body to treat diseases. This kind of stone tool is the oldest medical tool. People use "bian Shi" to pierce a certain part of the body to treat diseases. At that time, Bian Shi was more commonly used for incision and drainage of suppurative infection in surgery, so it was also called needle stone or stone. Shan Hai Jing said: "There is a stone like jade, which can be used as a needle", which is an early record of stone needles. Stone tablets have been found in archaeology in China. It can be said that bian stone is the foundation and predecessor of later knife needle tools.
Moxibustion is produced after the discovery and use of fire. In the process of using fire, people find that the pain in a certain part of the body can be relieved by burning and roasting, and then learn to wrap hot stones and sand with animal skin or bark for local hot ironing, and gradually develop to light branches or roast hay to treat diseases. After a long period of exploration, flammable mugwort leaves with the function of warming meridians and dredging collaterals were selected as the main material for moxibustion treatment, and warm stimulation was carried out on the local part of the body surface, making moxibustion as an important method for disease prevention and treatment as acupuncture. Because Artemisia argyi leaves are flammable and fragrant, rich in resources and easy to process and preserve, they later became the most important raw material for moxibustion.
"Acupuncture" gradually developed into acupuncture, and "hot ironing" gradually developed into moxibustion, which is the predecessor of acupuncture therapy.
The history of acupuncture and moxibustion
According to the records of the ancient documents "Shan Hai Jing" and "Neijing", there is a saying that "seven years' illness requires three years' love" in "Yu Zi", and according to the historical relics excavated in various parts of China in recent years, the origin of "acupuncture therapy" may be in the Stone Age.
Acupuncture is an ancient and magical science. As early as the 6th century AD, the academic field of acupuncture and moxibustion began to spread abroad. At present, more than 20 countries and regions in Asia, Western Europe, Eastern Europe and Latin America have applied acupuncture to treat their own people. Many countries have also established acupuncture academic groups, acupuncture education institutions and research institutions, and the famous Paris University Medical College has opened acupuncture courses. It is reported that there are 307 kinds of diseases that are effectively treated by acupuncture, among which 100 is the most effective. 65438-0980 The United Nations World Health Organization put forward 43 indications for recommending acupuncture treatment. From 65438 to 0987, the World Federation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion was formally established in Beijing, which established the position of acupuncture as a world medicine in the world medical forest.
Two thousand five hundred years ago, the first medical classic Huangdi Neijing was born in China. In this classic, there is an important concept throughout the book, that is, meridians. Meridian is the general name of meridian. The ancients found that there were some routes running through the whole body, called meridians. It is also found that there are some branches on these trunk lines, and there are smaller branches on them. The ancients called these branches collaterals, and "pulse" is the general concept of this structure.
With the development of smelting technology, people have made metal needles, called microneedles, and used them to treat meridians. Huangdi Neijing is divided into two parts, one of which is called Lingshu Jing, also known as Acupuncture Jing, which is a book dedicated to treating meridians with micro-needles. Huangdi Neijing made a systematic summary of meridians. In addition to meridians, new concepts such as collaterals, meridians, tendons, skin and strange meridians have been added, which together constitute the meridian system and become the most important physiological structure of the human body in the eyes of the ancients. Huangdi Neijing also expounds the functions of meridians, that is, promoting blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis, balancing yin and yang, nourishing bones and muscles, smoothing joints, connecting zang-fu organs with exterior and interior, and transmitting diseases and evils. The understanding of the meridian system and its function in Huangdi Neijing mainly comes from long-term clinical observation, and also contains some results of reasoning analysis and analogy description.
Acupuncture methodology is an important part of acupuncture medicine and a basic skill that acupuncture must master in clinical treatment of diseases. In the long-term medical practice, acupuncturists of past dynasties have accumulated rich clinical experience and theoretical knowledge, enriched the content of acupuncture, improved the theory of acupuncture, and laid a theoretical and practical foundation for the development of this discipline.
Main acupuncture methods
★ filiform acupuncture
★ Moxibustion: Moxibustion with moxa sticks or other drugs, placed on body surface acupoints, and cauterized and warmed. With the help of the slight heat of moxibustion fire and the action of drugs, it can warm and replenish qi and blood, strengthen the body resistance and eliminate evil through the conduction of meridians, so as to achieve the purpose of treating diseases, preventing health care.
★ Cupping: A method of treating diseases by using various methods to eliminate the negative pressure formed by the air in the tank and make it adsorb on the body surface. Also known as aspiration therapy and cupping therapy. In ancient times, it was made from the horns of animals, which was called the horn method. Through suction, local tissues can be congested or congested, the meridians can be unblocked, and qi and blood can be replenished. Has the effects of promoting blood circulation, promoting qi circulation, relieving pain and swelling, dispelling cold and removing dampness, resolving hard mass and removing toxic substances, and relieving fever.
★ Other acupuncture methods
Triangular needle, dermal needle, intradermal needle, fire needle, tent needle and electroacupuncture.
★ Modern acupuncture moxibustion:
Ear acupuncture, scalp acupuncture, eye acupuncture, hand acupuncture, foot acupuncture, wrist-ankle acupuncture.
Acoustic electroacupuncture, electric fire needle, microwave acupuncture
Acupoint laser irradiation, acupoint sticking, acupoint catgut embedding, acupoint magnetic therapy and acupoint injection.
Acupoint pointer method, acupoint iontophoresis method, acupoint cutting method and acupoint ligation method are a medical and health care technology. Including acupuncture. Acupuncture is a medical and health care method that uses needle-like tools to pierce or press acupuncture points or diseased parts. Moxibustion is a medical and health care method of heating or cauterizing acupoints or diseased parts with burning moxa or other combustible substances. The above two kinds are often used together in clinic, collectively referred to as "acupuncture".
Characteristics of acupuncture therapy
Acupuncture therapy is a unique medical method created by working people in ancient China. Acupuncture consists of "needle" and "moxibustion", which is one of the important components of Chinese medicine. Its contents include acupuncture theory, acupoints, acupuncture techniques and related instruments. In the process of its formation, application and development, it has distinctive Chinese national culture and regional characteristics, and is a valuable heritage based on Chinese national culture and scientific tradition.
The characteristic of acupuncture therapy is that it burns a certain part of the patient's body with acupuncture or warm stimulation of fire without taking medicine, so as to achieve the purpose of treating diseases. The former is called acupuncture, and the latter is called moxibustion, collectively referred to as acupuncture therapy.
Clinically, acupuncture therapy can diagnose the cause, find out the key to the disease, determine the nature of the disease, determine which meridian and which viscera the disease belongs to, and determine whether it belongs to exterior, cold and heat, deficiency and excess, so as to make a diagnosis. Then make the corresponding acupoint prescription for treatment. In order to dredge meridians, regulate qi and blood, make yin and yang relatively balanced, and make the functions of viscera tend to be harmonious, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing and treating diseases.
Acupuncture therapy has many advantages: first, it has a wide range of indications and can be used for the treatment and prevention of many diseases such as internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, ent, etc. Second, the effect of treating diseases is relatively rapid and remarkable, especially it has good functions of stimulating physical function, improving disease resistance, sedation and analgesia; Third, the operation method is simple and easy; Fourth, the economy of medical expenses; Fifth, it has no or few side effects, is basically safe and reliable, and can be combined with other therapies for comprehensive treatment. These are also the reasons why it has always been welcomed by the people.
In the long-term medical practice, acupuncture has formed a meridian theory consisting of fourteen meridians, eight odd meridians, fifteen different meridians, twelve meridians, twelve tendons, twelve skin parts, sun collaterals, floating collaterals, etc., as well as the knowledge of acupoints such as 3 1 point and odd meridians and the main diseases of acupoints, and found the law of specific connection between specific parts of the human body.
Does acupuncture hurt?
Whether acupuncture has pain depends on two aspects, one is the doctor and the other is the patient. Generally speaking, acupuncture will produce sour, numbness, swelling, heaviness, pain and other feelings after piercing the human body. These are the reactions of acupuncture getting angry, which is a good performance and an index to test whether acupuncture is "qualified". If there is no feeling after the needle is inserted into the human body, it means that acupuncture is "not qualified" and the doctor's acupuncture skills are questionable.
A good doctor, after his acupuncture goes deep into the patient's body, will make the patient feel sore, numb, swollen, heavy or painful locally. This feeling does not exist in the patient's epidermis, but comes from where the needle tip reaches. A good acupuncturist will let the needle tip reach a large area to produce these feelings, and the diameter of the place where the feelings are produced can reach 5 cm or more. This feeling is a very comfortable feeling, a feeling of stirring up the sink, a feeling of massaging and plucking the tired shoulder and back.
Poor doctors bring pain to patients when inserting and performing needles. This kind of pain is very uncomfortable. This painful part is on the surface of the skin, which is a stinging pain that pulls the skin. It is different from the "pain" mentioned above that feels very comfortable. The above pain occurs in the deep layer, that is, where the needle tip reaches, that is, where there is pain.
Of course, a relaxed patient will also cooperate with the doctor to reduce the probability of pain caused by acupuncture. A very nervous patient, his pain will often happen. Therefore, the pain of acupuncture is not absolute, and good pain can alleviate the pain of patients. The pain is severe because the patient is nervous and the doctor is not skilled.
If you can relax wholeheartedly when doing acupuncture and find a good acupuncturist to insert needles, then you will basically not be troubled by pain!
Application of acupuncture and moxibustion
In the long-term medical practice, acupuncture has formed a meridian theory consisting of fourteen meridians, eight odd meridians, fifteen different meridians, twelve meridians, twelve tendons, twelve skin parts, sun collaterals, floating collaterals, etc., as well as the knowledge of acupoints such as 3 1 point and odd meridians and the main diseases of acupoints, and found the law of specific connection between specific parts of the human body.
Because of its unique advantages, wide adaptability, rapid and remarkable curative effect, simple operation method, economical medical expenses and few side effects, acupuncture in China had spread to Japan, Korea, India, Arabia and other countries and regions as early as the Tang Dynasty, and blossomed in other countries, resulting in some exotic acupuncture medicine. So far, acupuncture has spread to more than 40 countries and regions in the world, which has played a great role in ensuring the life and health of all mankind.
Acupuncture is a scientific and cultural knowledge that grew up in China's specific natural and social environment. It contains the unique spirit, thinking and cultural essence of the Chinese nation, contains a lot of practical observation, knowledge system and technical skills, and embodies the strong vitality and creativity of the Chinese nation. It is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese nation and the treasure of all human civilization, and should be better protected and utilized.
Acupuncture can treat many diseases, which are used for beauty, mostly for treating adult acne and losing weight.
Principle of acupuncture and moxibustion for acne removal: According to the specific causes of acne, such as lung fire, stomach fire or spleen-stomach imbalance, a targeted acupuncture conditioning scheme is formulated to dredge meridians through treatment to achieve the purpose of acne removal and beauty.
Acupuncture weight loss's principle: In fact, it is to control your appetite and make you eat less. Plus exercise, you can lose weight. Acupuncture weight loss has taboos: the following three types of patients and some special circumstances are not suitable for acupuncture weight loss: 1, patients with heart disease; 2. Patients with stage II and III hypertension; 3. Diabetic patients; 4. If you can't accept acupuncture weight loss immediately when you are on an empty stomach, tired, sweating heavily or sweating heavily after exercise, you should postpone or change the time.
Acupuncture has a wide range of applications, including internal medicine, surgery, trauma, gynecology, pediatrics, facial features, skin and other diseases, and most of them can be treated through acupuncture. The World Health Organization (WHO) has also publicly declared that acupuncture is indeed helpful for some diseases. The following are 43 diseases with effective acupuncture announced by the World Health Organization (WHO), including: (1980)
I. Respiratory diseases
1, sinusitis 2, rhinitis 3, cold 4, tonsillitis 5, acute and chronic laryngitis. 6, bronchitis 7, bronchial asthma;
Second, ophthalmic diseases
8, acute conjunctivitis 9, central retinitis 10, myopia 1 1, cataract;
Third, oral diseases.
12, toothache 13, pain after tooth extraction 14, gingivitis;
Fourth, gastrointestinal diseases.
15, esophageal achalasia and stomata 16, hiccup 17, gastroptosis 18, acute and chronic gastritis 19, hyperacidity 20, chronic duodenal ulcer (pain relief) 2 1 0.
Five, nerve, muscle and bone diseases
27. Headache 28, migraine 29, trigeminal neuralgia 30, facial paralysis 3 1, mild paralysis after stroke 32, peripheral neuropathy 33, polio sequelae 34, Meniere's syndrome 35, nerve ladder dysfunction 36, enuresis 37, intercostal neuralgia 38, cervical-brachial syndrome 39, scapulohumeral periarthritis 40, tennis elbow 465433.
(The World Health Organization recommends acupuncture clinical guidelines for 43 diseases. China Metrology Publishing House. 1995)
Inherited value
Because acupuncture therapy has unique advantages, wide indications, rapid and remarkable curative effect, simple operation method, economical medical expenses and few side effects, as early as the Tang Dynasty, acupuncture in China spread to Japan, North Korea, India, Arabia and other countries and regions, and blossomed in other countries, resulting in some exotic acupuncture medicine. So far, acupuncture has spread to more than 40 countries and regions in the world, which has played a great role in ensuring the life and health of all mankind.
Acupuncture is a scientific and cultural knowledge that grew up in China's specific natural and social environment. It contains the unique spirit, thinking and cultural essence of the Chinese nation, contains a lot of practical observation, knowledge system and technical skills, and embodies the strong vitality and creativity of the Chinese nation. It is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese nation and the treasure of all human civilization, and should be better protected and utilized.
Ancient people in China used acupuncture to keep fit a long time ago. In Huangdi Neijing, doctors who master acupuncture and moxibustion health care technology are called "workers", and in Lingshu Inverse Shun, they are called "workers stab unborn children."
By the Tang Dynasty, acupuncture had occupied a considerable position in health care. For example, in Forward Fang Yao, many materials used for acupuncture and moxibustion health care are discussed. Wang Zhizhong's Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Song Dynasty recorded that acupuncture was used to prevent many diseases, such as pricking and purging the air door without carbuncle. Doctors in the Ming Dynasty also advocated acupuncture and moxibustion for health care. Gao Wu said in "Acupuncture gathers English": "Those who are not ill, acupuncture rebelled first, and those who did not arrive welcomed them." Inverse, that is, the meaning of disease prevention. In the Qing Dynasty, Pan also expounded the health care function of acupuncture in his book Hygiene Requirements. He said: "People's viscera, meridians, qi and blood, muscles are not careful every day, and external evils are dry, which leads to illness. In ancient times, acupuncture was the foundation ... so benefiting joints, benefiting qi and blood, so that evil can be quickly removed, evil can be removed from self-healing, and diseases can be cured. "
The so-called acupuncture and moxibustion health care is to stimulate some acupoints of the human body with filiform needles, stimulate the qi of meridians, and make the human body metabolize vigorously, so as to achieve the purpose of strengthening the body and prolonging life. This health care method is acupuncture health care. Although the methods of acupuncture health care and acupuncture treatment are basically the same, the emphasis is different. Acupuncture treatment focuses on correcting the excess of yin and yang and qi and blood, while acupuncture health care focuses on strengthening the body and improving the metabolic ability of the body, with the aim of preserving health and prolonging life. It is precisely because of their different views that there are certain differences in acupoint selection and needle use. If it is used for health care, the stimulation intensity of acupuncture manipulation should be moderate, and it is not advisable to choose too many points, mainly those with strong curative effect.
Health moxibustion is one of the unique health-preserving methods in China, which can be used not only for health care, but also for the rehabilitation of long-term patients. The so-called health-care moxibustion method is to apply moxibustion on some specific acupoints of the body to achieve the purpose of harmonizing qi and blood, regulating meridians, nourishing viscera and prolonging life. "Introduction to Medicine" says: "If medicine can't reach the needle, it must be moxibustion", which shows that moxibustion can play a role that acupuncture and medicine sometimes can't. Regarding the health care function of moxibustion, it was clearly recorded in Bian Que's Heart Sutra: "When people are not sick, they often moxibustion Guanyuan, Qihai and Mingmen ... Although they are not immortal, they can still be over 100 years old."
1. draft of sub-health rehabilitation activities
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