The next phase (now Suqian, Jiangsu) people. Han nationality, grandson of Xiang Yan, a famous rising star of Chu, an ancient uprising leader in China, a famous strategist and strategist. The God of War in China's history. China is the representative of the military thought school of "Brave War". Known as the overlord of Chu. Shortly after the uprising in Daze Township, Xiang Yu rose in Jiangdong and sent troops against Qin. In three years, we conquered Kyushu and unified the whole country. He led the army into the customs and destroyed Qin with five princes, which had a great influence in the four seas, divided the world and sealed eighteen princes. All major policies are formulated by Yu, who has the title of "overlord" and the same power as the emperor. Although the position has not ended, it has not been there for some time. His appearance set off a storm for the history of China and wrote a myth.
In August of the fourth year of the Han Dynasty, the Chu army and the Han army, who were interested in Guangwu, ran out of food. Liu Bang failed to mobilize the troops of Han Xin, Peng Yue and others, and finally failed to camp the Chu army. As a result, the two sides conducted a famous "gap and negotiation" in history, dividing the world by the canal built by Wei during the Warring States Period.
Then, in September, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, led ten Wan Chu troops to detour south road and retreat in the direction of Guling. Liu bang also wants to go back to the west.
However, just as Liu Bang was preparing to lead the army to the west, Sean and Chen Ping suggested tearing up the gap and discussing it. When Chu Jun was exhausted and came back from the east, he attacked from behind. Zhang He and others thought: "The Han Dynasty had half the world, and all the princes attached it. Chu soldiers stop eating, and this day will also be the death of Chu. It is suggested that "it is better to take it because of its opportunity" ("Historical Records of Xiang Yu").
Liu bang then adopted the advice of the two men, broke faith and suddenly launched a strategic pursuit of the Chu army. When the army chased Xia Nan, Liu Bang gathered Han Xin and Peng Yue to the south, and * * * joined the Chu army through the camp.
In October of five years, Liu Bang led more than 200,000 troops to pursue 100,000 Chu troops to Guling (now Taikang, Henan). But at this time, neither Han nor Peng sent troops to cooperate with Liu Bang. Xiang Yu was furious when he knew. In the early morning, a sudden counterattack was launched here, killing nearly 20 thousand people of the Han army and defeating the Han army again. Liu bang hurriedly led the army to retreat into Chen Xia, built a fortress to hold on, and the Chu army surrounded Liu bang again.
Liu Bang, who stuck to the pass, asked Sean: "What can a vassal do if he doesn't keep his promise?" Sean replied, "The more the Chu troops are defeated, the less land they will be divided, which is inappropriate. Kings can work with the world, and now they can make a difference. I just can't. It's unclear. The king can dedicate himself to Han Xin from Fuhai east of Chen; Suiyang went north to Gucheng in order to fight: if you kill each other, Chu will be easily defeated. "
Therefore, Liu Bang adopted Sean's advice and sealed a large territory east of Chen to Han Xin, the king of Qi. North of Suiyang to Gucheng was awarded to Peng Yue. In this way, Liu bang finally stopped Han and Peng and made them all go south. At the same time, he ordered Liu Jia to lead a joint army to camp from Huaidi to the north, and the Fifth Route Army launched a final encirclement of Xiang Yu. The battle of Gaixia has begun.
Han Xin, king of Qi, was advancing 300,000 troops from Qi to the south, occupying Pengcheng, the capital of Chu, and today's vast areas such as northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui and eastern Henan. The soldiers pointed to the flank of Chu and attacked Xiang Yu from east to west.
Peng Yue, the king of Liang, led tens of thousands of troops to set out from Liangdi, heading south first and then westward. Liu Bang's headquarters troops drove the Chu army to retreat.
Han general Liu Jia led tens of thousands of troops together with Jiujiang Wang and other 100 thousand soldiers. Starting from Huaibei, we attacked Chu from the southwest, first attacking Shouchun, then attacking Xiacheng's father and killing all the soldiers and civilians in the city.
Zhou Yin, the Chu general guarding the southern line, rebelled against Chu at this time, killing six counties first, then joining forces with Ying Bu and Liu Jia, and then converging on Xiang Yu in the north;
At the same time, Liu Bangze, who was supplemented by soldiers in Guanzhong, led more than 200,000 troops out of Guling and eastward;
The five armies of the Han army, with a total of nearly 700,000 people, formed a situation of encircling the Chu army from the west, north, southwest and northeast, and Xiang Yu was forced to lead ten Wan Chu troops to retreat to Gaixia.
In December of the 5th year of Han Dynasty, Liu Bang, Han Xin, Liu Jia, Peng Yue, Ying Bu and other five armies basically completed the encirclement of Gaixia (now Lingbi South of Anhui, Huaiyang and Lu Yi of Henan) with 654.38+ Wan Chu Army. Liu Bang immediately appointed Han Xin as the commander-in-chief of the allied forces to direct the army to fight. Han Xin ordered Liu Jia and Ying Bu Army to close the peripheral export of Chu Army from the south, while Peng Yuejun closed the access from the north. Han Xinjun's main force, Liu Bangbu's 300,000-strong army, integrated into one, and launched an attack on the trapped ten Wan Chu armies to launch a decisive battle!
At that time, Chu Jun was at an absolute disadvantage:
1. The land of the Western Chu State, which is located in the north of the Yangtze River, has all fallen, and the Wanchu Army has become absolutely alone;
Second, the Chu army was short of food for several months, and the soldiers were hungry and cold, and the army had no supplies at all;
Three, the han army allied soldiers about seven hundred thousand, and energetic, adequate food, high morale, and xiang yu alone one hundred thousand, after a long period of tired fighting, decisive battle is in the winter of December, and just removed from the front line of guangwu, no supplies, mostly wearing summer and autumn equipment, cold and hunger, morale to pieces;
Fourth, the Han army advanced in five ways in an orderly manner, first occupying Chu territory, then leaving the camp, step by step, and the encirclement was perfect, so it was difficult for the Chu army to launch a sudden counterattack;
Fifth, the Chu army is far away from the five counties in Jiangdong. Even if we break through the encirclement, it is difficult to return to our own territory in time under the pursuit of the Han army. It can be said that the breakthrough is invalid.
It is in such a situation that Han Xin's 300,000 troops are mainly composed of more than 200,000 soldiers from Liu Bang's headquarters, discharging five company arrays and launching a final attack on the ten Wan Chu troops trapped by the plate!
Han Xin led the main army of 500,000 to 600,000, and discharged such a formation: Han Xin led 300,000 troops in the middle and was the main striker; General Kong led tens of thousands of troops to the left; Chen He led tens of thousands of troops to the right; Liu bang led the main force of the headquarters to follow Han Xinjun, and General Zhou Bo led the troops to patrol.
For Xiang Yu and Chu Jun, the current situation can neither be maintained nor retreated.
Cutting off logistics, leaving no food, is tantamount to waiting for death!
In this way, the battle began:
First of all, Han Xin led five armies to provoke Chu Army. Xiang Yu immediately led ten Wan Chu armies to launch a central breakthrough, aiming at the headquarters in Han Xin. Xiang Yu personally led the army to attack and charged first. The Chu army charged first, and the cavalry followed. As soon as the Han army entered the war, the front line was immediately defeated. Han Xin immediately ordered the army to retreat, with 300,000 troops as a barrier to cover the retreat of the headquarters and Liu Bang's 100,000 troops. The Han army retreated while playing, and the Chu army put all its eggs in one basket and continued its crazy assault. Xiang Yu himself took the lead, even hundreds of Chu soldiers were left behind, and no one could catch up with Chu cavalry. Along the way, the Han army was like a dark cloud, and at first glance, it was everywhere. Xiang Yu led hundreds of soldiers to storm and even broke several lines of defense of the Han army. More than half of the 300,000 troops were scattered, and no one could stop them all the way, heading straight for Han Xin himself.
On the other hand, when Han Xin used the front line as a barrier to cover Liu Bangjun's retreat, the left and right armies led by Kong and Michael Chen also made circuitous maneuvers from the left and right sides of the Chu army, in order to control the attacking flank of the Chu army, split the cooperation between the cavalry and infantry of the Chu army and mobilize the Chu army to attack.
After half a day's fighting, there were countless Pojun in Chu Jun, and Han Xin's former army was almost smashed into waste residue, but Xiang Yu still failed to break into the headquarters of the Han army. Han Xin kept retreating and never appeared in front of Xiang Yu. However, Xiang Yu's fierce charge obviously widened the distance between the front and back of the army. At that time, the Chu army, Xiang Yu himself broke away from the whole army and rushed ahead, breaking through the enemy's defense; Followed by the main cavalry who rushed to Xiang Yu faster, the Han army scattered by Xiang Yu himself and crossed one by one; And finally, the slowest infantry, they and the Han soldiers who were not trampled to death by the cavalry continued to hunt down the cavalry. The Chu army became more and more dispersed and stretched, and gradually lost its close formation and mutual cooperation.
In the afternoon after the war, the Han army retreated again and again, and the left and right armies made a detour and made rapid progress, and finally completed the attack from front to back. The left and right armies of the Han army then attacked the rear wing of the Chu army, attacking from both sides in a dense formation, and quickly surrounded the left-behind Chu infantry. The soldiers of the Chu army resisted desperately, and the officers and men of the two armies fought together and immediately fell into a state of war, splitting the infantry and cavalry of the Chu army in half, and the offensive of the Chu army was stopped. Xiang Yu had no choice but to lead the rest of the cavalry back to Li and rescue the infantry.
When it was learned that the left and right armies had completed the circuitous attack on the infantry behind the Chu army, Han Xin immediately organized a counterattack and put Liu Bang's main force and all the remaining China troops into the counterattack.
The Han army retaliated against Xiang Yu and the Chu army forward cavalry. Hundreds of thousands of Han troops attacked the Chu army before and after. Seeing a genial smile, Xiang Yu immediately led the whole army to break through in the opposite direction, broke through the encirclement of the Korean left and right armies, and retreated into the camp. In this battle, the Chu army killed more than 40,000 people, captured 20,000 people and scattered 20,000 people. Less than 20,000 wounded soldiers returned with Xiang Yu, and the Han army also suffered hundreds of casualties, paying a much higher price than the Chu army.
Subsequently, Han Xin led the whole army to assemble all the troops scattered by the Chu army and surrounded the Chu army camp. Here, more than 20,000 scattered Chu troops were also destroyed, and Wang Xiang had no chance to gather scattered troops. The decisive battle is over here.
Liu Bang (256 BC-BC 195), Han nationality, was named Ji. His father, named Jia, has four sons, namely, Liu Zhong, Liu Banghe. Liu bang ranks third among the four brothers. Qin was then the director of Surabaya Pavilion. He revolted in the peasant war at the end of Qin dynasty, climbed high and shouted, and the heroes of the world gathered under his command, known as "Pei Gong"; In the first 206 years, Liu Bang led the rebel army to attack Xianyang and Qin Dou, and was named Hanwang by the rebel leader Xiang Yu, and the fiefs were Hanzhong and Bashu (so when the country was founded after defeating Xiang Yu, the title was designated as "Han"); In 202 BC, he proclaimed himself emperor, made Luoyang his capital, and then moved to Chang 'an. After Liu Bang ascended the throne, he adopted a relaxed recuperation policy, which not only appeased people's hearts and condensed China, but also laid a cultural foundation for the generosity of the Han Dynasty. It can be said that Liu Bang truly unified the divided China, and gradually gathered the divided people. He made a decisive contribution to the formation of the Han nationality, the unification and strength of China, and the protection and development of China culture. From 202 BC to 65438 BC+095 BC, he reigned for eight years.
It should be noted that Emperor Gaozu was neither Liu Bang's temple name nor posthumous title. As the founding emperor of Han Dynasty, Liu Bang's temple name is "Taizu" and posthumous title is "Gao Emperor". However, since Sima Qian, a historian in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang has been called "Gaozu", which is often used by later generations, so it is called "Mao", "Han" or "Emperor Gaozu" in history.
In October of the first year of Hanwang (206 BC), Liu Bang became king in Guanzhong after the Qin Dynasty was destroyed. In December, Ji Xiang invaded Hangu Pass to destroy Liu Bangjun. Knowing the defeat, Liu Bang went to Hong Men (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi) to apologize. Soon, Ji Xiang entered Xianyang, burned Epang Palace and killed the king of Qin. In the spring, Ji Xiang appeared to respect Chu Huaiwang as the righteous emperor, but in fact he was sent to the south of the Yangtze River, becoming the overlord of the place of Chu, with its capital in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province). At the same time, he enfeoffed 18 princes, named Liu Bang as Hanwang, and commanded Bashu and Hanzhong, and deliberately named Zhang Han, Sima Xin and Dong Kun as Wang Yong, Wang Sai and Zhai Wang. Liu bang had to submit to humiliation and accept the title. In April, he led the troops into Hanzhong and burned the plank road (paved road on the cliff), saying that he had no intention of sending troops to paralyze Ji Xiang again. Xiang Yu also returned to the East with a great army. In May and June, Tian Rong, a descendant of Qi nobles, was dissatisfied with the enfeoffment, drove away the King of Qi, killed the King of Jiaodong, and established himself as the King of Qi. Liu Bang took advantage of the chaos to return to Guanzhong, defeated Zhang Han, forced Sima Xin and Dong Kun to land, and tricked Ji Xiang into believing that he was satisfied with Guanzhong and would never move eastward again. Ji Xiang safely attacked Tian Rong, instead of strengthening its defense against the West. In October, Liu Bangdong invaded, worshipped Han Xin as a general, built a plank road, secretly crossed Chencang (now east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province), and said that the nominal emperor sent someone to contact the governors and publicly denounced Ji Xiang, which opened the prelude to the Chu-Han War.
The First Battle of Pengcheng: In April, Liu Bang took advantage of Ji Xiang's presence in Qi to lead 560,000 allied troops to capture Pengcheng. Hearing this, Xiang Yu quickly led 30,000 chosen men to attack and annihilate more than 300,000 allied troops. Liu bang only led dozens of riders to escape, and the anti-Chu alliance collapsed.
Fight for: In May, Liu Bang arrived in Xingyang, repelled Chu's pursuers, stopped breathing, stabilized his position, reorganized the army, and relied on the Guanzhong base area and favorable terrain to fight against Xiang Yu for a long time. In June, Liu Bang sent troops to attack the waste hills and forced Zhang Han to commit suicide, which relieved his worries. Send someone to persuade Ying Bu to oppose Chu and contact Peng Yue to disturb Chu's rear; Han Xin was sent to open up the northern battlefield, attack Wei, destroy the generation, destroy Zhao and kill. In the winter of three years, Xiang Yu launched a counterattack and besieged Xingyang. The situation is very critical. Liu Bang used Chen Ping's double spy to make Xiang Yu doubt Fan Zeng, and forced Fan Zeng to return home in a rage. Liu Bang also sent Ji Xin to pretend that he had surrendered to the Chu army and took the opportunity to escape from Xingyang. Ji Xiang strengthened the siege of Xingyang and occupied the elevation.
In order to reduce the pressure of Chu army on Xingyang, Liu Bang led the army to lure the enemy south through Wuguan, Wan (now Nanyang, Henan Province) and Ye (now south of Yexian County). In order to cooperate with the Han army, Han Xin also led an army to the north bank of the Yellow River to support Xingyang. Peng Yue is attacking Xiapi (now south of Pizhou, Jiangsu). Ji Xiang was forced to lead the army to rescue, and Liu Bang took the opportunity to recover the elevation. In June, Ji Xiang launched a massive attack, withdrew from Xingyang and captured the elevation.
My Farewell My Concubine Liu Bang ordered the Han army to hold on in Gongxian County to stop the Chu army from advancing. At the same time, he ordered Han Xin to form a new army to attack Qi, and sent people to the hinterland of Chu to help Peng Yue attack Luoyang (now south of Shangqiu, Henan) and Waihuang, forcing Xiang Yu to rescue again. In October of four years, Liu regained it again.
After Ji Xiang defeated Peng Yue, he couldn't find the main force of the Han army, and stationed troops in Guangwu (now Xingyang North) to confront Liu Bang. Soon, Han Xin annihilated the Qi-Chu allied forces in the battle of Weishui, completed the strategic detour to the Chu flank, and sent Guan Ying to Pengcheng. Ji Xiang was caught between Scylla and Charybdis, and was in a state of confusion, so he made an alliance with Han and divided the world into Eastern Chu and Western Han Dynasties. In September, Ji Xiang led his troops back to the east.
After the alliance between Chu and Han, Liu Bangben wanted to withdraw. Under the reminder of Sean and Chen Ping, he ordered the full pursuit of ChuJun. In October of five years, the two armies fought in Guling (now northwest of Huaiyang), and Xiang Yu won a small victory. Liu Bang won over Han Xin, Peng Yue and Qing Bu. By commending them, the Chu army suffered heavy losses in the next world war, forcing Ji Xiang to commit suicide in Wujiang (now the county of Anhui Province), and finally ending the four-year Chu-Han War.
In December of the fifth year of Hanwang (202 BC), about 700,000 Han troops, including Liu Bang, Han Xin, Liu Jia, Peng Yue and Ying Bu, fought a decisive battle with 65.438+10,000 exhausted Chu troops in Gaixia. Han Xin led the army in the middle of the Han army, with General Kong as the left wing and Michael Chen as the right wing. Liu Bang led his troops to follow up, with General Zhou Bo as the rear guard. Han Xin invaded the army and used the tactics of luring the enemy in depth. When the former army was defeated by fraud, the letter led the troops back and ordered the left and right armies to outflank and attack the troops behind the Chu army. After a long period of fighting fatigue, the Chu army met with unfavorable conditions. The Han army split the Chu army and Xiang Yu's former knight in two, and Han Xin again commanded the whole army to fight back. The Chu army suffered a crushing defeat, killing more than 40,000 people, taking 20,000 prisoners and dispersing 20,000 people, leaving less than 20,000 wounded soldiers with Xiang Yu. After that, the Chu army retreated into the barrier and stood still, surrounded by the Han army. Chu army soldiers are exhausted. Han Xin ordered the officers and men of the Han army to sing Chu songs at night. The song said: "All the people belong to Chu, and the world belongs to Liu; Han Xin is going to be the overlord! " . The soldiers of Chu army were homesick and their morale collapsed. Ji Xiang led only 800 people to break through to Wujiang River (now the county of Anhui Province). At this time, there were only 26 riders left around Ji Xiang. Yi Tingchang was willing to take Ji Xiang to Jiangdong to revive hegemony, but Ji Xiang refused. Ji Xiang rode the Han army with 26 troops, and finally the whole army was wiped out. Ji Xiang didn't want to be captured and humiliated, so he died in Wujiang River. Liu Bang then returned to Dingtao, rushed into Han Xin's army, seized his relieving, and later renamed Han Xin as the King of Chu, and went to Pi (now the east of Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province).