1983- 1986, Peking Agricultural University (now China Agricultural University), Master, Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases.
199 1- 1994, Ph.D., Oxford University, UK (under David ·H·L· Bishop and Ernest A Gould), 1994 (3 months), postdoctoral fellow, University of Calgary, Canada (under Robert Bale).
1995- 1998 postdoctoral fellow at Oxford University (under John I Bell, Andrew J McMichael, Bent K Jakobsen)1999-2001Harvard University/Harvard Medical School (under Don C Wiley, Stephen C Harrison) (sponsored by Wellcome Trust International Travel Researcher) 200 1-2004 Lecturer, doctoral supervisor and group leader of Oxford University, UK.