The Foundation Work of TCM —— Huangdi Neijing
Huangdi Neijing, composed of Su Wen and Lingshu, is the earliest existing medical classic in China, which was written from the Warring States Period to the Western Han Dynasty. It reflects the medical achievements in ancient China, establishes the theoretical system of TCM, lays the foundation for the development of TCM, and always guides the development of TCM, which still has important research value today.
Su Wen has 24 volumes, 8 1 article, which is very rich in content, including yin and yang and five elements, viscera such as qi and blood, acupoints and acupoints, etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis and syndrome, treatment principles and methods, medical ethics and luck theory, etc. It discusses the related contents of human physiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment in detail, highlighting ancient philosophy.
Lingshu Jing *** 12, 8 1 piece, with very rich contents. Guided by the holistic view and based on the theory of yin-yang and five elements, this book discusses in detail the related issues of human physiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and health preservation, and comprehensively expounds the contents of viscera, spirit, qi and blood, body fluid and human temperament types, which has become the source of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. In particular, the theory of meridians and acupoints and acupuncture methods are recorded more accurately. For example, the discussion of acupuncture methods not only emphasizes the importance of observing the spirit and waiting for the qi, but also puts forward dozens of acupuncture methods, and introduces in detail the use of needles, acupuncture sites, acupuncture depth, acupuncture taboos, the relationship between acupuncture and the four seasons, etc., which lays a solid foundation for the development of acupuncture in later generations.
The Masterpiece of TCM Theory —— Difficult Classics
"Difficult Classics", formerly known as "Yellow Emperor's Eighty-one Difficult Classics", consists of three volumes, originally written by Qin Yueren, but according to textual research, this book was written before the Eastern Han Dynasty (Qin and Han Dynasties). Difficult Classics is a classic work of Chinese medicine theory. Difficulties include "asking difficult questions" or making difficult explanations. Classic refers to Neijing, which means "asking difficult questions".
The author of this book puts forward what he thinks are the difficulties and doubts in Neijing, then explains them one by one, and gives full play to some problems. The book is divided into eighty-one difficult points, and many problems such as the functional form of human viscera, pulse diagnosis and acupuncture of meridians are discussed one by one. The contents include pulse diagnosis, meridians, viscera, yin and yang, etiology, pathology, camp and health, acupoints, acupuncture and other basic theories, and some diseases and syndromes are also listed. The book is based on basic theory, combined with some clinical medicine. The basic theory is based on pulse diagnosis, viscera, meridians and Shu points. Among them, it is difficult to discuss pulse condition, meridians, viscera, diseases, acupoints and acupuncture from 23 to 29, 30 to 47, 48 to 6 1, 62 to 68, 69 to 8 1 respectively. The academic views on Mingmen and Sanjiao in the book, as well as the names of Qichongmen and Bahui, enrich and develop the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, the book clearly stated that "there are five kinds of typhoid fever" (including apoplexy, typhoid fever, damp-heat, fever, febrile diseases), and expounded many diseases such as five zang-organs diseases and diarrhea, which had certain influence on the development of typhoid fever theory and febrile diseases theory in later generations. The discussion of diagnostics and acupuncture was also followed by later doctors.
Exogenous masterpiece-Treatise on Febrile Diseases
Treatise on Febrile Diseases was written by Zhang Zhongjing, a famous doctor in Han Dynasty, and was regarded as a classic work of traditional Chinese medicine in past dynasties. The principles and methods of syndrome differentiation and treatment used in this book have established the norms of TCM diagnosis and treatment of diseases; The experience of syndrome differentiation and treatment combined with theory, method, prescription and medicine has far-reaching influence on the development of clinical medicine of traditional Chinese medicine; A large number of prescriptions recorded have strict prescriptions and remarkable curative effects, and are called "the ancestors of many parties" by later generations.
Treatise on Febrile Diseases *** 10, 22 articles. The contents include the syndrome differentiation and treatment of taiyang disease, Yangming disease, shaoyang disease, Taiyin disease, Shaoyin disease and Jueyin disease, with emphasis on the treatment of pulse syndrome, the main part of Treatise on Febrile Diseases. There are three articles, namely, pulse differentiation, pulse dredging and typhoid cases, which discuss the pulse prognosis of typhoid and miscellaneous diseases, as well as the etiology, pathogenesis and transmission of typhoid. There are also syndromes and treatments of spasmodic dampness, cholera, yin-yang changes, fatigue after poor health, and the scope of application and contraindications of sweating, vomiting and purgation. Scholars in later generations think that three articles, namely, the method of distinguishing pulse, the method of dredging pulse, and the case of typhoid fever, as well as the provisions on rheumatism, sweating, vomiting, and whether it is necessary to descend, are not the works of Zhongjing, but were compiled and added by Wang Shuhe, so they have been deleted more and recorded less since the Ming Dynasty.
This book is the first clinical medical masterpiece in China that integrates theory with practice and has complete prescriptions. According to the law of typhoid fever, the book distinguishes and treats one by one in the form of articles. Concise and to the point, strict syndrome differentiation, flexible treatment and few prescriptions. Therefore, it was honored as a "classic" by doctors of all ages, which had a far-reaching impact on the development of clinical medicine in later generations. Practice has proved that the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment in this book is not only applicable to the treatment of typhoid fever, but also a guide to guide the treatment of other clinical departments; Its basic therapies, such as sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, reconciliation, warming, clearing away heat, tonifying and eliminating heat, were widely used in later generations. Its 1 13 basic prescriptions, such as Mahuang decoction, Guizhi decoction, Chengqi decoction, Baihu decoction, Xiaochaihu decoction, Lizhong decoction, Sini decoction, Wuling powder, Xiexin decoction and Wu Mei pill, have become effective prescriptions widely used in clinic. Visible. Treatise on Febrile Diseases has made great contributions to Chinese medicine.
The earliest extant monograph of traditional Chinese medicine-Shennong Herbal Classic
Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, referred to as Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica for short, has an unknown author and takes Shennong as an excuse. Shennong Ben Cao Jing is the earliest existing pharmacological monograph in China, and it is the first monograph in China that systematically summarizes the experience of early clinical medication, and has been praised as a classic of Chinese medicine in past dynasties.
Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica is divided into three volumes, containing 365 kinds of drugs, including 252 kinds of plant drugs, 67 kinds of animal drugs and 46 kinds of mineral drugs, which are divided into upper, middle and lower categories. In the book, the essence of TCM theory is expounded in simple words, and the source, nature, collection time, medicinal parts and indications of each drug are recorded in detail. Summarized how various drugs and simple preparations cooperate with each other in application. Our ancestors discovered many special drugs through a lot of treatment practice more than two thousand years ago, such as ephedra can treat asthma, Changshan can treat malaria, rhubarb can purge fire and so on. These are all confirmed by modern scientific analysis methods.
Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica follows the principle of monarch and minister's auxiliary prescription put forward in Neijing, and compares the status of drugs with that of monarch and minister in North Korea to show their primary and secondary relationship and compatibility law. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica also describes the nature and taste of drugs in detail: it points out that four flavors of cold, heat and cold and five flavors of acid, bitter, sweet, pungent and salty are the basic temperament of drugs, and drugs can be selected according to the different properties of diseases such as cold, heat, dampness and dryness. Choose hot drugs for cold diseases; Choose cold medicine to treat fever; Wet disease with warm and dry products; Dry diseases must be cool and moist. In addition, referring to the relationship between the five elements and the generation of grams, we have a good understanding of the meridian tropism, trend, fluctuation and ups and downs of drugs, so as to achieve twice the result with half the effort. The principle of "seven emotions and harmony" put forward by Shennong's Herbal Classic has played a great role in the practice of medication for thousands of years.