1, culture conditions
The natural conditions of Pacific oyster culture area are closely related to its culture.
(1) The flat beach with suitable sediment should be selected in the topographic culture area, which is convenient for setting scaffolding and floating rafts. The deep water location of the inner bay or the reclamation area with proper fresh water injection is ideal.
(2) The tidal current in the culture area should be stable, the seawater exchange conditions should be good, and the wind and waves should be calm or not vulnerable to strong winds and waves.
(3) Water quality The seawater temperature should be within the appropriate range of 5-30 degrees for Pacific oysters; The specific gravity of seawater should be around 1.005- 1.025.
(4) The bait culture area must be a fertile area conducive to the reproduction of plankton, so as to ensure the rich bait organisms needed for the growth of oysters.
(5) There should be no serious industrial and agricultural pollution in the polluted culture areas.
2. Formulate the production process
Selecting culture sea area → determining culture mode → preparing culture equipment → setting culture facilities → stocking fry → culture management → harvesting and processing.
3. Introduction of main cultivation methods
(1) direct culture method
Traditional farming methods, such as stone throwing, bridge farming, vertical pile farming, bamboo planting, etc. The common feature of these cultivation methods is that the seedling picker is also used as a cultivation device.
(2) Separate seedling cultivation method
Including beach sowing, floating raft or longline hanging culture, single culture and other methods. Compared with direct culture, these methods can artificially control the culture density, effectively use the culture water, have short culture cycle and high yield, and are advanced methods for oyster culture.
4. Seeding on the beach: At present, it is a relatively simple method to cultivate Pacific oysters on the beach. Oyster seedlings are directly sown on mudflats with a certain density or mudflats with sediments for cultivation.
Hanging culture is divided into:
1) scaffolding type: scaffolding is set up with bamboo, wood or cement piles in the culture area, and seedling-attached equipment is hung on the scaffolding for culture.
2) Floating raft type: A floating raft is set in the shallow sea area, which is made of bamboo, and the seedling attachment device is hung on the raft frame for cultivation.
3) Stretching rope type: a floating raft is set in the shallow sea area, and the seedling attachment device is hung on the floating raft for breeding.
4) Hanging cage type: a multi-layer cage used for single-layer round cage culture of scallops, which can be used for hanging oysters.
In addition, Pacific oyster can also be mixed with prawns and algae such as kelp and Undaria pinnatifida.
Fish feed
It depends entirely on natural food organisms in natural sea areas, mainly unicellular algae.
disease control
In the cultivation and production of Pacific oysters, diseases rarely occur. Salvia disease is reported abroad, and the main harm of domestic cultivation comes from enemy bacteria. One is that competitive organisms such as oysters, barnacles, bryozoa and lime worms compete for adhesion, food and oxygen. The other is the cannibalism of snails, crabs, mussels, scallops and fleas. Especially the last one is the most harmful, and there is no effective control method at present.
Fourthly, harvesting and processing of abalone.
1, harvesting method
The harvesting method of abalone cage culture and industrial culture is simple, and it can be directly pulled out from the culture treaty or the culture corrugated board. The harvest of abalone cultured in natural sea area is generally arranged in the season of high water temperature in summer and autumn, which is convenient for diving operation.
The standard of abalone is generally about 9 cm, and the weight of each 20 abalone can reach 1 kg.
2. Processing technology
Abalone is nutritious, tender and delicious, and sells well. At present, it is mainly exported, that is, it can be cooked after washing, or processed into dried products or cans. Old Yin Jia Hai Shen provides you with
Processing of dried products: firstly, the fresh products are shelled and eviscerated, put into a jar, added with 7-8% salt, taken out overnight, scrubbed and removed melanin and mucus around feet, washed, put into a pot and boiled with water, and then put on a mat to dry.
Canning: it is commonly used in China to make boiled cans, shell abalone, scrub and seal the head and viscera.