Xu Xun's ancestral home is Runan (now Xuchang, Henan). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, his father led his family to flee the war and moved to Nanchang. In the second year of Wu Chiwu (239), Xu Xun was born in Yitangpo (now Maqiu Township, Nanchang County). He is gifted and intelligent, and has a wide understanding of classics, astronomy, geography, medicine and yin-yang theory, especially Taoism magic. At the age of twenty, I was promoted to filial piety, which I highly recommend. At the age of twenty-nine, Wu Meng, a gentleman of An Dadong (now Xiushui), learned the secret of Taoism. At the age of thirty-six, he traveled with the writer Guo Pu to the famous mountain resort, and finally chose Xiaoyao Mountain in the western suburb of Nanchang (now newly built Xishan Township) to live in seclusion. I just want to practice, not be an official. On weekdays, I educate the village with filial piety, loyalty and faith, and I am deeply respected by the villagers. It was not until he was forty-two years old in the first year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (280) that he went to Sichuan as the magistrate of Jingyang County because it was difficult for the court to refuse.
After Xu Xun came to Jingyang, he eliminated greed, reduced punishment, advocated benevolence and filial piety, kept close to the sage and alienated the wicked, and implemented many measures benefiting the country and the people. One year, Jingyang was flooded, and there was no harvest in the low-lying land. Xu Xun sent a large number of farmers to farm in Guantian, and the workers paid taxes on their behalf, so that the victims were rescued. At that time, the plague was prevalent, and Xu Xun treated it with the prescription he had learned. The medicine cured the disease, and the people were grateful and filial to their parents. At that time, Jingyang sang a folk song: "People don't steal, officials don't bully, and husbands are sick." Sheng praised Johnson's achievements. People from neighboring counties came to join, and the number of households in Jingyang increased greatly. Xu Xun, who has lived in Jingyang for ten years, is affectionately called "Xu Jingyang" because of his clean residence and outstanding achievements. In the first year of Taixi (290), in view of the chaos of Jinshi, Xu Xun returned to the East in anticipation of the failure of state affairs. At the time of departure, the sender will cover the wild; Some built temples, portraits and offered sacrifices for him all the year round; Some people came all the way to the Western Hills to live in groups and keep Xu Xun company. They all changed their surnames to Xu and were called "Lala Hsu".
After Xu Xun returned to the east, it was Li Peng Lake (now Poyang Lake) that flooded for years. He led the county people to relieve their illness and traveled all over the lake area. He not only managed water for Zhang Yu, but also went to Hunan, Hubei, Fujian and other places to eliminate waterlogging, which won wide respect from the people and spread widely in the form of fairy tales.
In the 4th year of Emperor Daxing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (32 1), Xu Xun lived in seclusion in the former site of Meixian Temple in the southern suburbs of Nanchang, and founded a Taoist school, named Taiji Temple, called "Pure Realm", and founded the Pure Taoist School. Its purpose is "sincerity, loyalty and filial piety". Legend has it that Xu Xun lived to be 136 years old. On the first day of August in the second year of Ningkang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (374), 42 members of his family flew to the sky together, and the world honored him as "Xu Xian". In recognition of his achievements, the Eastern Jin court renamed Jingyang County Deyang County. Later generations built Xu Xian Temple in Xishan where he lived, and Jingyang Temple in Tiezhu Palace in Nanchang, which was praised by all previous dynasties. Wang Anshi wrote about Xu Jingyang Temple in Song Dynasty.
Huang Chuping, a native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was a famous Taoist immortal. He was born in Jinhua County, Zhejiang Province, China, and is a local shepherd boy. /kloc-When he was 0/5 years old, he got the advice of a fairy and lived in seclusion in Song Chi. /kloc-started to cultivate at the age of 0/8. After getting the word, it was renamed Chi Chuping, and it was called Red Pine Son, so it was called "Red Pine Fairy". According to folklore, it is very magical and can turn stones into sheep. Legend has it that people's belief and worship are obtained because of the alchemy of Tao, the appearance of feathers and the "prescription" that makes people live forever. The belief in Wong Tai Sin was introduced to Hong Kong by Ren Liang 'an, the founder of Puqingtan, in 19 15, and has flourished since then. The famous Wong Tai Sin Temple in Hong Kong is dedicated to him, and the incense is endless all day.
Ge Hong (284 ~ 364) was a Taoist scholar, a famous alchemist and a medical doctor in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The word Chuan, named Bao Puzi, was born in Jurong, Danyang County, Jin (now Jurong County, Jiangsu Province). The grandnephew of Ge Xuan, the alchemist of the Three Kingdoms, was called Little Fairy Weng. He was once named as the Hou of Guannei, and then lived in seclusion in Luofushan for alchemy. He is the author of Bao Puzi, Anxious Prescription, Miscellanies of Xijing, etc. Among them, Bao Puzi's Inner Chapter, namely "Dan Shu", describes various knowledge about chemistry such as refining gold and silver pills, and also introduces the properties and changes of many substances. For example, "Red mercuric sulfide (red mercuric sulfide) decomposes red mercuric sulfide (red mercuric sulfide) by heating. Adding sulfur to mercury can generate black mercuric sulfide and then become red mercuric sulfide. The reversibility of chemical reaction is described. Another example is "Zeng Qing painted iron, and iron is as red as copper", describing the reaction of iron replacing copper, and so on.
Born in Jiangnan. When the ancestors were in Wu of the Three Kingdoms, they successively held important positions such as Yushicheng and Shangshu of the official department, and were named Hou of Shouxian County. His father Mao continued to work for Wu. After Wu's death, he started as an official in Jin, and finally moved to Shaoling County, where he died as an official. Ge Hong, Zan's third son, is favored by his father. 19 13 years, his father died, and his family was rich. He was "hungry and cold, bowing his head to plow the fields, riding the grass on the stars, and not attacking the territory." ..... Pay cut, sell paper and pens, camp in pastoral areas, and write books with firewood. ..... often lack of paper, every time you write a sentence, repeat a sentence, people can read it. ……"
At the age of sixteen, I began to read Confucian classics such as Filial Piety, The Analects of Confucius, Poetry, The Book of Changes, and I especially liked the Immortal Cultivation Method. Self-proclaimed: less good magic, negative steps, not afraid of difficulties and dangers. I feel happy every time I hear something different. I don't feel sorry for my broken smile. After learning alchemy from Andrew, he was highly valued. It is said that "there are more than 50 disciples, only the rest learned the classics and the five elements in the pillow at that time in Huang San, and the rest couldn't understand the first title of this book".
In the first year of Tai 'an in the Western Jin Dynasty (302), Andrew, his teacher, learned of the chaos of saving the world, and Jiangnan was about to boil, so he took his disciples to Huoshan in the east, but Ge Hong stayed in Danyang. In the second year of Tai 'an, Zhang Chang and Shi Bing arose, and Hong Ren was the general. Because he actively suppressed the rebellion, he moved to Fu Bo. After the incident was settled, Hong went to Luoyang to look for different books, regardless of the meritorious military service. "However, due to" the chaos of a country "(referring to the" chaos of eight kings "-the leader's note), the road to the north was blocked, and Chen Min turned against Jiangdong and returned to Tuge. At this time of dilemma, it happened that his old friend was Guangzhou secretariat and asked him to join the army as an advance. Ge Hong thought that he could avoid the chaos in the south, so he went gladly. Unexpectedly, Han Ji was killed by his enemy Li Guo, so he stayed in Guangzhou for many years. I deeply feel that "the honored are snobbish, and the arms are like Fujian, which is extremely unusual and cannot be left behind." "Vigorous will die, brilliant will die, and if there are spring flowers, they will die in a short time. If you don't like it, you will lose peace. Regret, fear and trembling are not enough. " This is abandoning worldly affairs, determined to adopt a food and nourishing nature in the way of Qiao Song, and practicing metaphysics and tranquility. Later, he learned from Bao Jing and became a monk, which was highly respected.
In the fourth year of lite (3 16), it was still mulberry. After the founding of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he remembered his old merits, sealed the customs, and gave him the capacity of two hundred cities. Xianhechu (326 ~ 334), King Situ was called to fill the state master book, transferred Situ Yu, and moved to consult and join the army. Gan Bao also recommended him as a regular attendant of Sanshou, and received a lot of works, but Hong refused to resign. As soon as I heard that cinnabar appeared on my toes, I asked, so I took my sons and nephews with me. Going south to Guangzhou was left by the secretariat of Deng Yue, but it ended in an alchemy in Luofushan. In the years in the mountains, I have been leisurely, and my works are endless. He died in the first year of Xingning in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (363) at the age of 8 1. Or Yun died in the first year of Jian Yuan of Emperor Kang of Jin Dynasty (343) at the age of 6 1.
Ge Hong inherited and reformed the immortal theory of early Taoism. In Bao Puzi's Inner Chapter, he not only comprehensively summarized the immortal theory before the Jin Dynasty, but also systematically summarized the immortal magic methods before the Jin Dynasty, including keeping one, promoting qi, guiding and sexual intercourse. At the same time, it combines the skill of immortals with Confucianism, emphasizing that "those who want immortals should be loyal, filial and benevolent." If you don't practice virtue, you can't live forever. "And this orthodox religion is integrated with the precepts of Taoism, which requires believers to strictly abide by them. He said: "Looking at the precepts, we can know that those who want to live forever will want to accumulate virtue, be kind, forgive themselves and others, be good at catching insects, enjoy people's blessings, solve people's sufferings, save people's poverty, abstain from hurting their lives, refuse to persuade disasters, regard people's gains as their own, and regard people's losses as their own. "Advocate immortal health, Confucianism externalized in the world.
In The Outer Chapter of Bao Puzi, he devotes himself to the gain and loss of the world, whether it is hidden or not. Advocating that severe punishment should be applied in troubled times, and advocating severe punishment and heavy law. Shi Kuang Zuo's family is eclectic in Confucianism, Mohism, Ming and Fa, and respects the monarch as heaven. Dissatisfied with the talk of Wei and Jin dynasties, he advocated paying equal attention to literature and morality, and his words should help to educate. Ge Hong has been engaged in alchemy experiments for a long time under the guidance of the idea that alchemy can live forever. He has accumulated rich experience in the practice of alchemy and learned some characteristics of substances and their chemical reactions.
He systematically summarized the achievements of alchemy before Jin Dynasty in two chapters, namely "Jin Dan" and "Huang Bai" in Bao Puzi's Inner Chapter, specifically introduced some alchemy methods, recorded a large number of ancient alchemy classics and alchemy methods, outlined the historical outline of China's ancient alchemy, and also provided us with precious materials of original experimental chemistry, which had a great impact on the development of alchemy in Sui and Tang Dynasties and became a link between the past and the future in the history of alchemy.
Ge Hong is proficient in medicine and advocates that Taoist priests should also learn medical skills. "Since ancient times, Taoists must learn medical skills to save the near future." They believe that if monks don't learn medical skills at the same time, they will be "unable to attack themselves", not only unable to live forever, but even unable to save their own lives. He wrote "Elbow Reserve Emergency Prescription", which preserved many ancient medical books in China and recorded many common folk prescriptions for treating diseases. It is an ancient standing first aid manual, widely circulated in Southeast Asia, and is an important historical material for studying medicine in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The record of smallpox in this book is the earliest scientific document in medical history, and the understanding of tuberculous infectious diseases is earlier than that of foreign countries 1000 years. According to records, Ge Hong also wrote Save the Dead after Elbow and Jade Letter. "I wrote this one hundred volumes, named Yu, with different names of diseases, and they are continuous and not mixed with each other. All three volumes of "Healing the Wounded" are easy to handle, easy to make an appointment and easy to search. Between the hedge and the stranger, all the medicines were taken and all the emergencies were ready. If you have this prescription at home, you don't need a doctor. " ⑦ Ge Hong recorded and explained in detail the morphological characteristics, growth habits, main producing areas, medicinal parts and therapeutic effects of various medicinal plants in "Bao Pu Zi Nei Bian Xian Yao", which had a great influence on the development of traditional Chinese medicine in later generations.