Introduction to health education
Health education? Through planned, organized and systematic social education activities, people can consciously adopt healthy behaviors and lifestyles, eliminate or reduce risk factors affecting health, prevent diseases, promote health, improve quality of life, and evaluate educational effects. The core of health education is to educate people to establish health awareness, urge people to change unhealthy behavior lifestyle and develop good behavior lifestyle, so as to reduce or eliminate risk factors affecting health.
Significance of health education
Health education is to improve people's health awareness, make people understand some basic health knowledge (basic contents and implementation methods), and develop scientific, civilized and healthy living habits. Every community member should face health education.
Because society is composed of members with different structures, we must design different educational methods and contents to carry out community health education according to different learning needs and starting points of various groups of people. It is necessary to carry out targeted skills training and learning, such as scientific knowledge in home care, baby care and emergency rescue, and carry out pure self-improvement and health-preserving learning activities, such as aerobics, painting and calligraphy, flower cultivation, reading and learning. Many times, learning to be happy is also the purpose that people are willing to learn.
The purpose of health education
1, improve people's health and let individuals and groups achieve health goals;
2. Improve and maintain health;
3. Prevent the occurrence of abnormal deaths, diseases and disabilities;
4, improve interpersonal relationships, enhance people's self-care ability, make them get rid of superstition, abandon bad habits, develop good hygiene habits, and advocate a civilized, healthy and scientific lifestyle;
5. Strengthen the concept of health, so as to understand, support and advocate health policies and a healthy environment.
Health education content
According to the Outline of Health Education and Health Promotion in China (2005-20 10), health education mainly includes the following contents:
The outline puts forward:
? Establish and improve the health education and health promotion system that adapts to social development.
20 10 health education institutions at or above the county level should be equipped with health education professionals and technicians, and equipped with equipment to meet the needs of work. Health education and health promotion professionals should have basic skills such as social mobilization, publicity, communication and education, plan design, implementation, supervision and evaluation. By 20 10, communities, hospitals, schools, enterprises and institutions will have service facilities and networks to carry out health education and health promotion directly for the target population. By 20 10, the national people's health quality monitoring network and information base will be established; Establish and improve the database of health education and health promotion centers; Establish and improve the expert database and communication material database of health education and health promotion.
? Do a good job in health education and health promotion of major diseases and public health emergencies.
? Carry out extensive rural health education and health promotion and actively promote them? Hundreds of millions of farmers' national health promotion action?
By 20 10, the awareness rate of basic health knowledge of rural residents in eastern, central and western regions reached 80%, 70% and 60% respectively; The formation rate of health-related behaviors in the population reached 70%, 60% and 50% respectively.
? In-depth development of urban community health education and health promotion.
By 20 10, the awareness rate of health knowledge and the formation rate of health behavior of urban residents will reach 80% and 60% respectively.
? Carry out health education and health promotion based on places.
By 20 10, the awareness rate of health knowledge among primary and secondary school students will reach 90% in cities and 80% in rural areas. The formation rate of health behavior among primary and middle school students in urban and rural areas reached 70% and 60% respectively. By 20 10, the awareness rate of self-care knowledge of patients and their families related diseases reached 80%. Health education and health promotion are included in the content of continuing medical education for health technicians. Actively carry out the activities of establishing health promotion hospitals. Conduct targeted safety and health training for managers and workers in industrial and mining enterprises, and the pre-and post-job safety and health training rate of new employees, female workers and workers exposed to drugs and dust will reach100%; The awareness rate of occupational safety and health knowledge of managers and employees in 20 10 large enterprises is over 90%, and the formation rate of related health behaviors is over 80%.
? Health education and health promotion for key population
By 20 10, the penetration rate of maternal and child health education will reach 100% in cities and 80% in rural areas.
? Control tobacco harm and addictive behavior
By 20 10, 90% of primary and secondary schools and 90% of hospitals will become smoke-free places. We will continue to create cities without tobacco advertisements. By 20 10, cities without tobacco advertisements will cover 30% of the total number of cities above prefecture level in China.
The goal of health education
Establish and improve the health education and health promotion system to meet the needs of social development, and improve the quality of professional teams. Focusing on the central task of health work and the construction of new socialist countryside, based on the community, focusing on major health issues, key places and key groups, we will carry out various forms of health education and health promotion activities, popularize health knowledge, enhance people's health awareness and self-care ability, and promote the improvement of the health quality of the whole people.
(1) Under the leadership of governments at all levels, establish an operational mechanism of health education and health promotion with government responsibility, departmental cooperation, social mobilization, mass participation and legal guarantee.
(two) health administrative departments at all levels will be health education and health promotion into the target management and work plan, organize the implementation, supervision and assessment.
(3) Strengthen the capacity building of health education professional institutions and personnel. 20 10 the number of professional and technical personnel in county health education institutions has reached 3? Five people, equipped with equipment to meet the needs of work. The training rate of health education and health promotion professionals is 100%.
(4) Establish and improve the health education network. By 20 10, there will be organizations and networks in communities, hospitals, schools, enterprises and institutions to directly carry out health education and health promotion for the target population.
(five) to ensure that the recurrent funds, health education and health promotion funds are not less than 3-5% of the local health expenditure in the current year.
(6) extensively carry out health education and health promotion in rural areas and actively promote them? Hundreds of millions of farmers' national health promotion action? . Send medicines and knowledge to farmers through various forms and channels. Strengthen health education and training for rural floating population and employees of township enterprises before employment. Combined with the construction of ecological and civilized villages and towns in rural areas, we will vigorously popularize the knowledge and technology of improving water and toilets in rural areas and improve rural drinking water and environmental sanitation. By 20 10, the awareness rate of basic health knowledge of rural residents in the pilot areas reached 60% respectively; The formation rate of health-related behaviors in the population reached 50% respectively.
(7) Carry out health education and health promotion in urban communities and actively promote them? Health promotion community? Construction and implementation of "Guide to Building Health Education and Health Promotion for Urban Community Residents". According to the main risk factors affecting health, comprehensive community intervention was carried out. By 20 10, the awareness rate of health knowledge and the formation rate of health behavior of urban residents will reach 80% and 60% respectively.
(8) All kinds of schools in urban and rural areas offer health education classes, carry out various forms of health education activities and strengthen health behavior education in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations on School Health Work and relevant regulations, focusing on mental health, tobacco control, environmental protection, staying away from drugs, and preventing AIDS and accidental injuries. Carry out health promotion activities in various schools. By 20 10, the awareness rate of health knowledge among primary and secondary school students will reach 90% in cities and 80% in rural areas. The formation rate of health behavior among primary and middle school students in urban and rural areas reached 70% and 60% respectively.
Health technicians have trained more than 90% of the basic theoretical knowledge of health education and health promotion, and actively carried out the activities of establishing health promotion hospitals.
(ten) targeted safety and health training for managers and workers of industrial and mining enterprises.
(eleven) health education and health promotion in public places. In accordance with the "Regulations on Health Management in Public Places" and related regulations, supervise and guide the business units in public places to carry out health knowledge training and retraining for employees, and take up their posts after passing the examination. Carry out health science popularization in various public places. No smoking, obvious safety signs, smooth fire evacuation routes, perfect emergency measures, and actively create a healthy environment.
(twelve) actively carry out tobacco control education. Strengthen the popularization of knowledge about tobacco hazards, carry out smoking behavior intervention, and reduce the smoking rate. Actively carry out activities to create smoke-free units and smoke-free families. By 20 10, 70% of primary and secondary schools and 80% of hospitals will become smoke-free places, and the work of creating a city without tobacco advertisements will be carried out.