In ancient times, people were accidentally hit by some sharp and hard objects, such as stones and thorns, and the accidental pain was relieved. The ancients began to consciously stab some parts of the body with some sharp stones or artificially puncture the body to make it bleed to relieve the pain. It has been mentioned many times in ancient books that the original tool of acupuncture and moxibustion is bian stone, which is called bian stone. Shan Hai Jing said: "There is a stone like jade, which can be used as a needle", which is an early record of stone needles. Therefore, bian stone is the foundation and predecessor of later knife and needle tools.
Huangdi Neijing said: "Cold is all diseases, so moxibustion is appropriate", which refers to moxibustion, in which the shape of nine needles is described in detail, and the theory and technology of acupuncture are described in great detail. Tracing back to acupuncture, moxibustion was produced after the discovery and use of fire. In the process of using fire, people find that the pain in a certain part of the body can be relieved by burning and roasting, and then learn to wrap hot stones and sand with animal skin or bark for local hot ironing, and gradually develop to light branches or roast hay to treat diseases. "Acupuncture" gradually developed into acupuncture, and "hot ironing" gradually developed into moxibustion, which is the predecessor of acupuncture therapy.
With the evolution of human beings and the development of social productive forces, people's understanding and methods of acupuncture are constantly improving.
The ancestors of the Neolithic age began to use bian stone to bleed and relieve pain. This kind of stone-stone appeared in the Neolithic Age about 8000 to 4000 years ago, which was equivalent to the later period of clan commune system. People have mastered the technology of digging and grinding, and can make some exquisite stone tools suitable for piercing the body to treat diseases. This kind of stone tool is the oldest medical tool-stone tool. People use "bian Shi" to pierce a certain part of the body to treat diseases. At that time, Bian Shi was more commonly used for incision and drainage of suppurative infection in surgery, so it was also called needle stone.
At the same time, in the aspect of moxibustion, people found that Artemisia argyi leaves are flammable, and local warm stimulation on the body surface can effectively relieve pain. The word "moxibustion" was first mentioned in Zhuangzi. In "Zhuangzi Stole Foot", Confucius advised Liu, and he met a big nail. Afterwards, he said to Liu, "Qiu is so-called disease-free moxibustion." But the original word of "moxibustion" is "long". For example, 1975 bamboo slips (legal documents) unearthed from Sleeping Tiger Land in Yunmeng, Hubei Province recorded that "the male is Ding Zhuang, whose color is seven feet and one inch long, his hair is two feet long and his abdomen is scarred for a long time", which is the original meaning of "moxibustion". The word "moxibustion" is written in Fifty-two Prescriptions for Diseases, Yin and Yang Moxibustion Classics of Eleven Veins, Foot Moxibustion Classics of Eleven Veins, Pulse Diagnosis Method and Medical Bamboo Slips of Wuwei Han Dynasty. After a long time, it evolved into the word "moxibustion". Xu Shen in Han Dynasty said in Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Moxibustion is burning. From the fire. " According to textual research, moxibustion appeared in the Yin Dynasty. Kang Yin believed that moxibustion and ironing had become popular in the early Shang and Zhou Dynasties. In the bronze age, metal utensils were used. At this time, the nine needles widely used in later generations began to develop gradually. It is generally believed that the Nine Needles began to sprout in the Bronze Age, and it was not until the Iron Age that they were successfully manufactured. The so-called ancient nine needles refer to nine different shapes of metal needles, which have different therapeutic uses. It has gone through a long process on the basis of inheriting "bian stone, needle stone and stone"
In the historical period, continuous improvement and gradual improvement. The hardness of Jiuzhen is comparable to that of Bianshi, and its elasticity, toughness and sharpness are better than Bianshi. It can also be made very exquisitely. Because it has nine different shapes, it not only retains the function of removing swelling and discharging pus, but also greatly expands its use and has many therapeutic functions.
(1) Stapling needle: the needle is large and sharp, with a handle of 1.5 inch and a length of 1.6 inch except the tip. This needle is mainly used to acupuncture the superficial part of the human body's penis. That is, it can be used to acupuncture dermatosis.
(2) Needle: The needle is cylindrical, with an oval tip and a length of 1.6 inch. Cane acupuncture is mainly used to treat muscle diseases, that is, diseases with pathogenic factors between meat parts. It can be used for acupuncture and moxibustion of muscle diseases and massage.
(3) Barrel needle: The needle body is large, the tip is round and slightly pointed, like millet, and it is 3.5 inches long. Acupuncture is mainly used to treat vascular diseases, mainly to massage meridians, so as not to puncture the skin, get caught in the muscles and circulate blood. That is, it is used for acupuncture and moxibustion of venous diseases.
(4) Front needle: The needle is cylindrical and sharp, with sharp edges on three sides and a length of 1.6 inch. Anterior needling can be used for pricking collaterals and bleeding, mainly for carbuncle and arthralgia, and also for pricking tendons.
(5) Beryllium needle: The needle body is made by imitating a sword blade, and the needle tip is shaped like a blade, with a width of 2.5 minutes and a length of 4 inches. Indications are carbuncle and pus, which can be used for incision and pus discharge. Anyone with abscess can take beryllium needle or acupuncture to treat bone diseases.
(6) Sharp needle: the needle body is slightly thicker, the needle tip is slightly larger, round and sharp, and the length is 1.6 inch. Indications are carbuncle, and deep needling can cure sudden pain. This needle is also used to reconcile yin and yang.
(7) Filamentous needle: the tip of the needle is as thin as a mosquito's beak and 3.6 inches long. Needle is the thinnest, which is suitable to pierce the holes of various meridians, and can dispel pathogenic factors and strengthen the body resistance. It is mainly used to treat diseases with cold and heat pain and pathogenic factors in meridians.
It can also be used to replenish sperm.
(8) Long needle: the needle is long, the tip is sharp, and it is 7 inches long. Indications: arthralgia due to chronic illness. For diseases with deep internal injuries, long needles can be used or colds can be removed.
(9) Big needle: The needle tip is shaped like a stick, slightly round, like a front needle, and 4 inches long. The big needle is mainly used to treat diseases of joints where water vapor stays, and for purging water. This needle can also be used to dredge nine orifices and get rid of 365 evil spirits.