The origin of Sanshen Mountain actually began in the Warring States Period. Records in Historical Records, Amenorrhea, Hanshu, and Suburb Sacrifice Record: "It was spread in Bohai Sea, not far from people ... All the good ones were immortals, and fairy medicines were everywhere. Its animals and animals are white, and gold and silver are palaces. If you don't reach it, it will be like a cloud; When I arrived, Sanshen Mountain lived underwater. When I approached, the wind took me away, but I couldn't reach the clouds. " "Historical Records of Emperor Wudi" records: "In Zhang Jian Palace, there is a pool of Thai liquid, including Penglai, abbot, Yingzhou and Hu Liang, which is like a turtle and fish in the sea."

The so-called Three Gods Mountain should have different meanings in different periods. From the descriptions in Historical Records and Hanshu, people along the ancient Bohai Sea saw a mirage in the Bohai Sea and didn't understand its scientific origin, thinking that there were such islands in the sea. They searched in the sea and found some new islands that they didn't know before. Judging from the names of Penglai, abbot and Yingzhou, they should be the places that ancient Donglai people were looking for. Wang's suicide note "An Examination of Yanhuang Clan Culture" points out: Penglai is still windy and is the place where Fengyi lives. The abbot's side is turned by the sound of the wind. The abbot is Tian's word, and the abbot is Feng's home, where Le Yi lives. Ying in Yingzhou is a place in the sea where Ying people live. Won and lost. Yi people are also primitive tribes in Donglai. Huang County Records said: Shi Yao in Huang County is a wasteland. Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou are all islands where Lion lives.

During the Warring States period, the theory of immortals prevailed, and alchemists exaggerated the mirage phenomenon, saying that it was a mountain in the sea, and there was an elixir of life on the mountain. Legend has it that on the Three Gods Mountain, animals and everything are white and palaces are made of gold and silver. It's amazing. Xu Fu told Qin Shihuang that there was a shark in the sea and he couldn't reach the holy mountain. He once said: the great god in the sea said to the matter of collecting medicine: "If you are a gift from the king of Qin, you must look at it and not take it." Qin Shihuang believed Xu Fu's words and approved Xu Fu to go to the sea twice to seek immortality.

The History of Ten Kingdoms records: "When Qin Shihuang was in Qin Dynasty, many people died in crossing the road in Dawan. A few birds held grass and covered the face of the dead. A company heard about the first emperor. The first emperor sent messengers to plant this grass and ask Mr. Guigu that the cloud is an immortal grass on the ancestral land of the East China Sea, born in Qiongtian and nourishing the spirit. Its leaves are like leaves, not clustered. One plant can feed thousands of people. The first emperor said that he could get it because he sent Xu Fu and 3,000 boys and girls to the sea in a building to find their ancestral home. " The History of Ten Kingdoms, also known as the History of Ten Kingdoms in China, was written by Dong Fangshuo. The Summary of Ten Kingdoms in Sikuquanshu records: "The people of the Six Dynasties relied on it." According to textual research, it should be written by a Taoist priest in the Eastern Han Dynasty. This is a record of myths and legends in the Eastern Han Dynasty. There is the same record in Guang Yi Ji of Tang Dynasty.

After the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was pointed out that the "Three Gods Mountain" refers to a mirage. Qi Cheng, written by Yu Qin in the Yuan Dynasty, said: "Gai Haicheng is always sunny in spring and summer, and the morning sun rises, and the east wind is small, and the clouds are full of islands, so there will be Haicheng. Now it is full of mountains and forests, buildings and buildings, felt-car ostriches, well-dressed figures, and everything in the world, like elephants ... alas! The history books and the three holy mountains, Penglai, abbot and Yingzhou mentioned by Han all look like floating clouds, and almost all people who can't reach them have such ears. ..... thinking is enough to break the eternal confusion. " Yu Qin's point of view is correct. During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, Qian Yong recorded Wang Zhongqu's words in "Talking in the Garden": "The first emperor sent Xu Fu to the sea to seek immortality, but there was no test in the end ... Then he traveled to Dengzhou, Shandong Province, and saw the sea city. Suddenly, he said: Qin Huang is confused about Hanwu, which is an ear." Modern scholars also believe that the three mountains in Bohai Sea are a mirage.

Beihai was the palace of emperors in Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. The layout of Beihai Park, including Tuancheng and Zhongnanhai, is designed according to the legendary "Three Immortals Mountain in the East China Sea". Qionghua Island was called Penglai Island in Yuan Dynasty, Tuancheng Island was called Yingzhou Island, and Xishantai Island was called Abbot Island. In this way, a typical fairy palace of Taiyechi, Penglai, Yingzhou, Abbot and "Three Immortals and One Pool" was formed. The central building of the park is Qionghua Island. Qionghua Island, also known as Penglai Mountain and Baita Mountain, is surrounded by Taiye pool water. In the eighth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (165 1), a Lama Temple was built on the site of Han Temple in Ming Dynasty. Because of its overall color, it is commonly known as the White Pagoda. It is the most prominent building in Beihai Park at the top of Qionghua Island. Deep in the shade of the east island, there is a tablet of "Spring in Qiongdao" written in calligraphy by Qianlong, and the shadow of the tablet is Qianlong's poem.

In the architecture of the Summer Palace, the tradition of "one pool with three mountains" was also adopted. The islands in the lake, such as Phoenix Wharf, Mirror Pavilion and Sword Building Hall, respectively symbolize the legendary three sacred mountains of Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou. Among them, Gleditsia sinensis pond is located in the southernmost waters of Kunming Lake. It stands side by side with Zhijin Pavilion and Nanhu Island, meaning "Three Gods at Sea". During the Qingyi Garden period, Emperor Qianlong once rested here, reciting poems and enjoying the scenery. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Empress Dowager Cixi hosted a banquet here to entertain the wives of foreign envoys.

When Emperor Qianlong renovated Qingyi Garden (later renamed the Summer Palace), he imitated myths and legends and built three fairy mountains on Kunming Lake: the island near the water in the north was called "abbot", the earthen mountain with roads on the west and willows on three sides was called "Penglai", and a bare mound in the south was called "Yingzhou". Locals think these names are too elegant to remember, so they are called Abbot Tuancheng, Penglai Laogong Mountain and Yingzhou Phoenix Pier.

According to the analysis of the position of the Three-God Mountain, the historical records show that it spread to the Bohai Sea. The so-called Bohai Sea, historically, including the present Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, should be the sea to the east of the Seven Eyes. Today's Bohai Sea should be excluded, and today's Yellow Sea, of course, is not the south, but the east. Then there is no problem for the Warring States alchemists to go to sea from Dengzhou. In other words, Dengzhou Port is the source of seeking immortality at sea.

As early as the Warring States Period, Qi Yan's alchemist said, "In the east of the vast sea, there are many valleys ... among them, there are five mountains, one is Daiyu, the other is Jiao Yuan, the third is Fang Lake, the fourth is Yingzhou and the fifth is Penglai." "And the roots of the five mountains are not connected, and they often go with the flow and can't stay here for a long time. It was further developed into "Three Gods Mountain", saying: "There are three gods mountains in the sea, named Penglai, abbot and Yingzhou, where immortals live" ("Qin Shihuang's Biography"). They are scattered in the vast sea and people are not far away. If they suffer, they will be taken away by the wind Those who cover the taste are the best, the fairy medicine is in the clouds, the animals are all white, and the gold and silver are the palaces. If you don't reach it, it will be like a cloud; As far as I know, Sanshen Mountain lives underwater; When you are near, the wind will lead you, but you will never get there. Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Bei Jing: "Penglai Mountain is in the sea, and there are immortals on it. The palace is full of treasures, birds and animals are like clouds, and they are also in the vast sea. " (Historical Records Zen Book) The Bohai Sea at that time was much bigger than the Bohai Sea today, including the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea now. However, when it comes to the offshore market, only the sea surface north of Penglai conforms to the alchemist's formulation. Judging from the situation of the mountain they described, it is a vivid portrayal of this Haicheng.

Wang Jia said in "Notes on the Collection": "Three pots, three mountains in the sea. When talking about pots, the abbot also; 2. Penghu and Penglai; If you say' Yinghu', you will also be in Yingzhou. " "Historical Records" records that ",Xuan, sent people to the sea for Penglai, the abbot and Yingzhou. The people who live in Sansheng Mountain are in the Bohai Sea, not far from people. If they are suffering, they will lead the wind. I have tasted the best, fairy and fairy medicine. " "Taiping Guangji Fairy": "Shu woman Xie naturally crossed the sea and will go to Penglai as a teacher. The boat drifted to a mountain with the wind and saw a Taoist saying, "Sima Cheng Town in Tiantai Mountain is really a good teacher. "Penglai is 30 Wan Li across the weak water, and it is necessary to fly to the fairy." Nature is back, and I want to ask Cheng Zhen to accept it. "

Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor: "According to the records of Xu and others in the Qi Dynasty, there are three sacred mountains in the sea, named Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou, where immortals live."

"Historical Records": "Self-prestige, publicity and Zhao Yan sent people to the sea to seek Penglai, the abbot and Yingzhou. These three sacred mountains are scattered in the vast sea, not far from people. If they suffer, they will be taken away by the wind Those who cover the taste are the best, the fairy medicine is in the clouds, the animals are all white, and the gold and silver are the palaces. If you don't reach it, it will be like a cloud; As far as I know, Sanshen Mountain lives underwater; When you get close, the wind will lead you, and you will never get there. "

"Historical Records of Filial Piety" said: "The young gentleman said above: ... I have tasted the sea and saw An Qisheng eating giant dates, which are as big as melons. The immortals of An Qi Sheng passed through Penglai and met people as soon as they met. If they don't agree, they will hide. "

Historical Records Biography of Hengshan Mountain in Huainan: "From Chen (Xu Fu claimed) to Penglai Mountain in the southeast, I saw Zhicheng Palace Que ..."

In the Tang Dynasty, Li Xian noted "The Biography of Zhang Dou in the Later Han Dynasty": "Penglai, a sacred mountain in the sea, is a fairy house with a dense secluded path."

Gao Xin (Jia): "Three pots make three mountains in the sea. When talking about pots, the abbot also; 2. Penghu and Penglai; Three times, won Hu, and then Ying Zhou also. Shaped like a kettle. "

Judging from the above records, Qi Weiwang is the initiator of seeking immortality in the sea. If you count the year of the accession to the throne, it is only more than 20 years since the King of Yue returned to Wu (Suzhou) from Langya, and the seaport activities of Qi are mainly in the north, that is, Dengzhou. The Qin and Han Dynasties were the peak period for emperors to seek immortals, and Penglai was the only one in the pursuit of the fairyland on the sacred mountain. For example, Sanshen Mountain is called Penglai Shenshan (Historical Records of Xiaowu); Qin Shihuang sent Xu Fu to the sea with 3,000 boys and girls, also seeking "Penglai Fairy Medicine" (Taiping Universe), "Penglai Fairy Medicine" (Qin Shihuang's Biography), "Penglai Fairy" (Historical Records Xiaowu). Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made many cruises to Dengzhou, including Jitong Penglai Yan (Historical Records Xiao Wu) and Looking at Penglai (Historical Records Xiao Si Zhi). It is recorded that most of the fairyland sought is Penglai: "Shu women who thank nature for crossing the sea must seek the teacher of Penglai" ("Taiping Guang Ji Xian"); The descriptions of Penglai Island and Penglai Fairy are also very detailed: "Penglai Mountain is in the sea, with immortals on it, and the palaces are all made of gold and jade. Birds and beasts and white clouds are also in the vast sea (Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Bei Jing); "Penglai is 30 Wan Li across the weak water, which is beyond the reach of flying immortals" ("Taiping Guang Ji Xian"); "See AnQiSheng eat jujube, as big as a melon. The immortal of Anqi Sage, who lived in Penglai, saw all the people, but did not see them. At the mouth of Baxiandu, there is a giant jujube tree that is over 1700 years old. Seeing such a huge jujube tree, it is not surprising that An Qisheng eats giant jujubes as big as melons. It can be seen that "Penglai" has not only become synonymous with fairyland and holy mountain, but also something that ordinary people want but can't get, as if there is everything there.

The following are excerpts from descriptions of the Three Gods Mountain in some literary works:

the Book of the Han Dynasty

... for the other side, it depends on ghosts and gods. Li Yan took the division of Yin and Yang as the main force to show kindness to the ministers. Yan Qi's alchemist was incompetent, but he blamed his success on pedantic flatterers, and the list goes on. Announce and send people to the sea to find Penglai, the abbot and Yingzhou. These three sacred mountains are distributed in the Bohai Sea ... "

The Twenty-seventh Session of The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties

"... rippling in it. Dig a North Sea in the north with a circumference of 40 miles, and build a canal to connect the five lakes. Three mountains have been built on the sea: Penglai, abbot and Yingzhou, just like the three sacred mountains on the sea. On the mountain, there are towers and halls, surrounded by shadows. The top of the mountain is 100 feet high, and you can look back at Xijing and overlook Jiangnan. "

Taibai jiku

When "... is true", there are two sentences: "Seven yuan falls in the hole, and the octagon hangs a star rainbow." Therefore, the so-called "living Roto" is "Tao". And a pair of her help. When Dan becomes immortal, he can travel to Penglai, Fang Lake and other so-called three saints on the sea. ? Of course, an alchemist must have capital: first, he must have money ... "

Complete works of Bai Juyi's poems

"... not only to be rich and strong, but also to follow the peerless. If you want the heir to keep Wen Jun, the grandson of the country will take a warning. The sea is very long, straight down and boundless. In the deepest part of the cloud, there are three sacred mountains in legend. There are many elixirs on the mountain, which become immortals. Qin Huang Hanwu believed this, and alchemists collected medicines every year. Penglai ancient and modern ... "

Korean prophecy "Legacy of Ge 'an" serial: No.21secret song.

"... God came to the East Peninsula, Maitreya God, Zheng Daoling, and the result of the trinity was decided by three families, three roads, one fairy. Lotus world has been predicted since ancient times, and it has changed since ancient times. Who knows Yingzhou Penglai people, three holy mountains and ten wins, and people are inseparable from reincarnation ... "

The legend of Sanshen Mountain is widely circulated among the people and vividly reflected in many literary works. All this reflects the great yearning of the ancients for a beautiful fairy life. It is also based on this yearning that people have created so many wonderful myths in their lives and become great spiritual wealth for future generations.