-Synopsis of the Golden Chamber Diseases of Zang-fu Organs and Meridians
Zhang Zhongjing is a master of Chinese medicine, and his synopsis of the golden chamber has a far-reaching influence on the development of Chinese medicine theory in later generations. Through the study of synopsis of the golden chamber, the author thinks that "the five internal organs are truly connected and people are harmonious" is its foundation and core idea.
Only when the five internal organs of the human body are truly unobstructed and the yin and yang are in harmony can the physiological activities be normal. If the five internal organs are congested, the yin and yang of the body are out of balance, qi stagnation, water stagnation and blood stasis will cause diseases one after another, and the list of diseases is endless. Therefore, the key to treating diseases lies in "the five internal organs are really unobstructed". Specifically, it is to harmonize yin and yang, promote qi circulation, promote diuresis and remove blood stasis, so as to restore the circulation of depressed qi, qi and blood and body fluid, so as to maintain the normal metabolism of the human body.
Yuan Zhen can be understood as true qi or vitality. Li Dongyuan said in "On Spleen and Stomach": "The true qi, also called vitality, is the essence of the body. Unless it is stomach qi, it can't nourish it." Zhang Jingyue also said: "The true qi is vitality." Yuan Zhen is considered as the foundation of the whole body, which runs through the whole body. Because of their different functions and distributions, they depend on different material bases. In a word, it contains many components such as qi, blood, body fluid and so on, and plays different physiological functions in different zang-fu organs and meridians. Therefore, it can be considered that Yuan really spreads all over the body based on qi, blood, body fluid.
Its essence can be roughly summarized as follows: under normal physiological conditions, the human body's qi, blood and body fluid are unobstructed, such as endless life, which plays a nourishing role. Qi stagnation, body fluid, blood stasis and yin-yang Yang Can imbalance are the main pathological changes of this disease. In a word, it can be summarized in a unified way. Therefore, it can be considered that qi stagnation, water stagnation and blood stasis are the material basis of five zang-organs failure. From this, we can grasp the essence of the disease more simply. Whether the body can maintain "peace and harmony" depends on whether the elements are really unobstructed. Yuan is really blocked, and all diseases arise. When discussing the pathological changes of Lijie disease, Zhang Zhongjing said: "Obstructed, unable to defend himself, weak, unable to defend the triple energizer, cut off the four genera, and thin." It is emphasized that Yuan Zhen's failure is actually the cause of physical weakness. Therefore, we should pay attention to the word "closed" in the syndrome differentiation of diseases, and the purpose of treatment is to turn pathological obstruction into physiological patency. It shows that the smooth flow of qi, blood and body fluid is the key to maintain the secret of yin and yang in human body. Stagnation of qi, blood and body fluid is the beginning of all diseases. Although the clinical manifestations are different, they are all inseparable from the basic state of qi stagnation, water stagnation, blood stasis and true obstruction of five internal organs. Therefore, it is particularly important to keep the five internal organs unobstructed when preserving health and treating diseases.
To describe diseases from the perspectives of qi, water and blood, the most representative one is "water-vapor disease" in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. In addition to the classification of Feng Shui, Pi Shui, Yang Shui and Shi Shui, there are also qi and blood. It can be seen that Zhang Zhongjing emphasized the progressive stage of the disease from the perspective of pathogenesis, which can also explain the abnormal degree and level change of qi, blood and water in the process of water-gas disease. The water stops because of qi, yang deficiency, qi stagnation and qi stagnation. Stagnation of water and drinking, qi stagnation and water stagnation lead to unfavorable blood circulation, which in turn leads to stagnation of blood stasis. At the same time, the stagnation of blood stasis will also affect qi and water. The so-called "blood is not conducive to water". Yin of qi turns into water, Yang of water turns into qi, Yin of water further turns into drinking, phlegm and blood stasis, and Yang of water turns into blood stasis. It can be seen that the imbalance of yin and yang plays an important role in the transformation of pathological properties. Therefore, observing and thinking about other diseases from the perspectives of qi stagnation, water stagnation, blood stasis and yin-yang imbalance can quickly grasp and understand the pathogenesis of diseases as a whole, and provide a good way for clinical efficient diagnosis and treatment of drugs.
From the pathological manifestations of human body, yin-yang imbalance, qi stagnation, water stagnation and blood stasis can be regarded as the basic pathogenesis. Therefore, promoting the circulation of qi and benefiting water, removing blood stasis and dredging collaterals, and harmonizing yin and yang are also regarded as the basic principles for treating diseases. All the prescriptions in synopsis of the golden chamber follow this method. Therefore, it can be summarized and understood from four aspects: treating qi, water, blood and harmonizing yin and yang.
regulate the flow of vital energy by removing obstruction to it
The initial illness is due to qi, which blocks the channels and collaterals, and the disease is due to the exterior. Therefore, the treatment should dredge the qi of meridians and take various measures to dredge the qi of zang-fu organs and meridians in time. In this respect, "synopsis of the golden chamber" mostly adopts the sweat method of exorcism. For example, when treating diseases such as wind-cold, dampness, alcoholism, drinking, geomantic omen, skin water and yellow sweat. In view of the fact that these diseases are all related to the feeling of wind, cold and dampness, exogenous pathogens may get stuck in the musculocutaneous joints, and the qi of nourishing and defending meridians may be blocked, or the lung qi may be affected, and the qi of zang-fu organs and meridians may be ignored. Although the clinical manifestations are different, the principle of treatment is to dredge the qi of meridians.
In medication, according to the degree and location of Yuan Zhen's stagnation, the prescription and medication should be reasonably formulated. In the treatment of water-vapor disease, the synopsis of the golden chamber uses licorice Mahuang decoction, apricot decoction, Yuemai decoction, Yuemai Jiashu decoction, Mahuang Fuzi Asarum decoction and so on. Medicine is a gradual process from simple to complex. The state of the disease is well known, and the correct medication method of prescription and drug addition and subtraction is worthy of in-depth study and play.
In addition, the purpose of sweating method is to make the whole body unobstructed and the transpiration and gasification of Yuan Zhen run vigorously. Sweating is a sign of Yuan Zhen's patency, not the end. Therefore, we should grasp the scale of clinical medication, so that the yuan is really smooth, usually with a slight sweating as the degree.
water transfer
Water accumulates into phlegm after illness. For those with excessive phlegm, it is advisable to warm the medicine, treat it with warm phlegm, and use Yang qi to promote diuresis.
Due to the abnormal changes of qi, blood and water in different degrees and levels, water stops due to qi, yang deficiency, qi stagnation and qi not entering the water. The pathological changes of water-dampness stagnation are produced on the basis of qi stagnation.
There are symptoms such as cough, chest pain, heartache and vomiting in synopsis of golden chamber, which can be manifested as cough, asthma, fullness, vomiting, dizziness and palpitation. Its essence is that the gas machine is blocked, the lifting is out of control, and the gas can't pass through the water, which leads to the water stop. Therefore, qi and water should be coordinated in treatment and medication. According to the different emphases of phlegm-dampness, we can flexibly choose the treatment methods, such as the strong water that has stopped dredging, such as Shizhao Decoction, Gansui Banxia Decoction, Ji Jiao Li Huang Pill, Lizao Xie Fei Decoction and so on. Slow-acting drugs are mainly diuresis and dispelling yin, including Alisma Decoction, Wuling Powder, Gui Ling Shugan Decoction and Mufangji Decoction.
Synopsis of the Golden Chamber takes Jiang Banxia as expectorant, and flexibly adds and subtracts Xiao Banxia Decoction, such as Jiang Banxia Decoction, Dry Pinellia Powder, Xiao Banxia Plus Poria Decoction, Banxia Houpu Decoction, Lingjiao Baibanxia Decoction, Xiaoqinglong Decoction, Shegan Mahuang Decoction, Houpu Mahuang Decoction, etc., which also embodies the method of warming yang and promoting qi. At the same time, the stopped water should be removed as soon as possible by opening the drain to alleviate the sense of urgency. After the symptoms are relieved, the rule of law should be based on warmth. This is the meaning of "harmonizing warm herbs" in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, as well as the strict use of harmony and "putting qi first" in later generations.
Regulate blood
Long-term illness entering collaterals should promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. If blood stasis, qi and water are blocked, then the material foundation of the five internal organs is not smooth and the condition is serious. Therefore, the synopsis of the golden chamber uses the name of blood stasis to show the important position of this disease.
Because blood stasis is the last stage of the truth, there is blood stasis at the end of all diseases. Therefore, the treatment of blood stasis in synopsis of golden chamber can be found in other diseases, such as malaria, fatigue, liver depression, jaundice, gynecological diseases, yin-yang toxicity, lung abscess, intestinal abscess and so on. Generally speaking, the drugs used are peach kernel, rhubarb, peony bark, donkey-hide gelatin and so on. Prescriptions include Biejiajian Pill, Dahuangchong Pill, Inula Decoction, Guizhi Fuling Pill, Danggui Shaoyao Powder, Baici Fan Shi Powder, Qianjin Weijing Decoction, Dahuangshaoyao Decoction, Cimicifuga Biejia Decoction, Fructus Aurantii Shaoyao Powder, Wenjing Decoction, etc.
There is no specific prescription in the chapter of blood stasis in synopsis of the golden chamber, that is, it is so sick that it is really difficult to summarize it with several prescriptions. Instead, we should integrate the method of removing blood stasis into the treatment of various diseases and slowly get results. For example, turtle shell Wan Jian, which is used to treat malaria, has used the products of promoting qi circulation and resolving phlegm, diuresis and clearing heat, and tonifying qi and blood while removing blood stasis and softening hardness; Dahuangchong Pill is used to treat body deficiency and blood dryness. Besides promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, it also uses many products that regulate qi and clear heat, nourish blood and tonify deficiency, and replenish qi and middle energizer. Wenjing decoction is used to treat gynecological diseases, which not only promotes blood circulation and removes blood stasis, but also supplements qi and blood. It is also in line with Zhang Zhongjing's so-called meaning of "observing its pulse syndrome, knowing its fault and treating it with syndrome".