The general principles of diet conditioning [4] are: control total calories, limit fat, lose weight, and urge yourself to use the fat accumulated in corn.
1. Keep the variety of daily food: the variety of daily food should be increased rather than decreased. Various foods contain different nutrients. Except breast milk, no natural food can provide all the nutrients needed by the human body. The human body needs more than 40 kinds of nutrients every day, and one or several simple foods can't meet the nutritional needs of patients with fatty liver. Therefore, in order to achieve a balanced diet and meet various nutritional needs of the human body, it is necessary to eat a wide range of foods, including cereals, animal foods, vegetables and fruits, bean products, dairy products, oils and fats, etc., in a reasonable proportion.
2. Cereals are the basis of daily diet: with the improvement of living standards, the consumption of animal food in many big cities in China has tended to exceed that of cereals, which is extremely unfavorable for the prevention of chronic diseases such as fatty liver. Therefore, we should vigorously carry forward the fine tradition of "grain-oriented" China diet and avoid the disadvantages of "meat-oriented" Western diet. Among cereals, we should advocate choosing some coarse grains.
3. Eat animal food in moderation: Animal food is a good source of high-quality protein, fat-soluble vitamins and minerals. Reasonable and moderate consumption of animal food will not only lead to chronic diseases such as fatty liver, on the contrary, because the amino acid pattern of animal protein is more suitable for human needs, its lysine content is higher, which is beneficial to supplement the shortage of lysine in cereal protein; At the same time, fish (especially marine fish) contains more unsaturated fatty acids, which plays a unique role in preventing chronic diseases. Therefore, to prevent fatty liver, it is advisable to eat 1 ~ 2 lean meat every day (fat meat and meat oil are prohibited) and fish (especially marine fish) 2 ~ 3 times a week.
4. Eat proper amount of beans and their products every day: soybean lecithin can promote liver fat metabolism and prevent fatty liver from forming. The phytosterol contained in it is not absorbed by human body and can inhibit the absorption of animal cholesterol. Soybean isoflavones also have a certain antioxidant effect, which is necessary for patients with fatty liver. However, because amino acids cannot be stored in the body, there is no practical benefit from excessive intake of soy products. It is advisable to eat about 2 liang of bean products every day.
5. Eat 1 kg of vegetables and proper amount of fruits every day: Vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and natural antioxidants. It is suggested that red, yellow and dark green vegetables and fruits should be selected under the guidance of the principle of food diversification, because they are important sources of carotene, vitamin B2 and vitamin C. In order to prevent hyperlipidemia, 500 grams of fruit (dinner) and 2 fruits (dinner) should be eaten every day. It should be noted that fruit is generally eaten as a supplementary meal, that is, in the middle of two main meals (such as 10 am or 3 pm), it is not recommended to eat fruit immediately before or after meals, so as to avoid overloading the pancreas by ingesting too many carbohydrates at one time.
6. Control energy intake: The heat supply of patients with fatty liver should not be too high. Patients with fatty liver who engage in mild activities should be given 30 ~ 35 kcal/kg daily to prevent obesity and aggravate fat accumulation. For obese or overweight people, 20 ~ 25 kcal/kg per day to control or reduce weight.
7. Appropriately increase the intake of protein: A high-protein diet (1.5 ~ 1.8g/kg) can be adopted to avoid protein consumption in vivo, which is beneficial to the repair and regeneration of hepatocytes. It is important to keep the balance of amino acids. Methionine, cystine, tryptophan, threonine and lysine in protein have anti-fatty liver effects.
8. Reduce sugar and sweets: Too much sugar can be converted into fat, leading to obesity and promoting the formation of fatty liver. Carbohydrates should be mainly cereals, without refined sugar, honey, fruit juice, jam, preserves and other sweets and desserts.
9. Controlling fat and cholesterol: Vegetable oil contains no cholesterol, and sitosterol or stigmasterol and essential fatty acids have good lipid-lowering effect, which can prevent or eliminate fatty degeneration of liver cells and is beneficial to fatty liver. For patients with fatty liver, the total amount of food and edible oil supplied throughout the day should not exceed 40 grams, and foods with high cholesterol should be controlled in moderation.
10. daily dietary fiber supplement: the diet should be coarse and fine to ensure adequate dietary fiber. Increasing the supply of vitamins and minerals can supplement the deficiency of liver disease, which is conducive to the elimination of metabolic waste and has a good effect on regulating blood lipid and blood sugar levels. Coarse grains such as oats and buckwheat should be added to the daily diet, as well as foods rich in dietary fiber such as kelp, konjac and fresh vegetables. Kelp suggestion: choose whole grain and whole wheat food for breakfast; Use some coarse grains instead of fine rice flour; Bean foods, such as red beans and mung beans, can be added to the daily diet; You must eat vegetables every day, especially the leaves and stems of vegetables. Of course, dietary fiber is not "the more the better". Excessive intake may cause abdominal distension and indigestion, may also affect the absorption of calcium, iron, zinc and other elements, and may also reduce the digestion and absorption rate of protein. Especially for patients with fatty liver, patients with weakened gastrointestinal function, patients with enteritis and intestinal surgery, and patients prone to hypoglycemia. , pay more attention.
1 1. Limit the intake of sodium salt: the diet should be light and eat less salty food. Eating too much salt will harden blood vessels and raise blood pressure. It is advisable to eat less than 5g of salt every day.
12. Eat more foods containing potassium: potassium can reduce the harmful effects of sodium in the body, promote sodium excretion and lower blood pressure. Potash-containing foods include beans, tomatoes, dairy products, kelp, fresh mushrooms and various green leafy vegetables, and fruits include oranges, apples, bananas, pears, pineapples, kiwis, walnuts, hawthorn and watermelons.
13. Eat more calcium-containing foods: American medical experts believe that patients with hypertension can have obvious antihypertensive effect by insisting on eating high-calcium foods every day. Foods containing calcium include: dairy products, bean products, peanuts, red dates, kelp, auricularia auricula, walnuts, fish and so on.
14. Proper use of olive oil and royal rice oil: The content of monounsaturated fatty acids in olive oil is as high as 80%, and it also contains squalene, sitosterol, provitamin A and vitamin E which are beneficial to cardiovascular health. This makes olive oil have a strong ability to resist oxidation and prevent cardiovascular diseases. In some Mediterranean countries that consume a lot of olive oil, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases is much lower than other European countries. In addition, the latest research shows that regular consumption of olive oil can also prevent calcium loss, prevent gallstones and hypertension, reduce the incidence of cancer, and reduce gastric acid and blood sugar. Therefore, olive oil is well-deserved as a "green and healthy edible oil".
15. Don't drink: Alcohol does more harm than good to human body. First of all, alcohol contains high heat energy, and 1 g alcohol can produce 7 kilocalories, which is an important dietary factor leading to obesity. Secondly, drinking alcohol will lead to loss of appetite, affect normal eating, and cause various nutritional deficiencies. Also, the biggest harm of alcohol is to damage the liver, leading to fatty liver, and even alcoholic cirrhosis in severe cases. In addition, long-term drinking may also increase blood lipid levels and arteriosclerosis; Increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; Increase the risk of hypertension, stroke, etc. Methanol, a toxic component in liquor, will directly damage your peripheral nerves and lead to various nervous system diseases. Therefore, for patients with fatty liver, alcohol must be banned.
16. The intake of protein should be mainly plant protein: soybean and its bean products are better. On the one hand, the protein it contains is of good quality; On the other hand, it contains no cholesterol and has the function of lowering blood fat, so it can replace some animal foods, such as meat.
17. Foods forbidden to eat include: white sugar, brown sugar, glucose and sugary sweets, such as candy, cake, jam, candied fruit, ice cream and sweet drinks. In addition, there are potatoes, yams, taro, lotus roots, garlic sprouts, carrots and so on. , containing more carbohydrates, using less after eating or reducing the corresponding staple food.
18. The intake of fat should be mainly unsaturated fatty acids: lard, butter, foreign oil, cream and butter rich in saturated fatty acids are rarely used, and it is best not to use them. Vegetable oil can be used instead of some animal oil. Peanuts, walnuts, sesame seeds and melon seeds also contain a lot of fat. Try not to eat or eat less or reduce oil intake.
19. Fruits should be used for dinner: fruits contain glucose and fructose, which can increase blood sugar, so when blood sugar and urine sugar are relatively stable, fasting blood sugar.
20. Ginkgo biloba leaves: Ginkgo biloba leaves can also reduce blood lipids and cholesterol, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, prevent arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction, and prevent thrombosis.
2 1. drink less coffee and tea: caffeine will increase cholesterol in the body. Therefore, we should pay attention to drinking as little coffee and tea as possible and prohibit taking caffeine-containing drugs.
22. Change the way food is cooked: When cooking animal food, absolutely avoid frying. A more appropriate method is steaming and baking to let the grease in the food drip out.
Lipid-lowering food
1, fish; Fish contains extremely low saturated fat, especially cold-water fish from deep sea, and contains a lot of W-3 fatty acids. According to the research of American scientists, people who take W-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA supplements) have lower cholesterol and triglycerides, lower blood viscosity and lower blood pressure.
2. Fruits and vegetables; Eating a lot of fruits, vegetables and water-soluble fiber is beneficial to lowering cholesterol. Light water-soluble fiber (such as whole wheat bran) can prevent constipation, but it is not helpful to lower cholesterol. Foods containing water-soluble fiber include beans, dates, apples, figs, dried plums, cauliflower, oat bran and so on. Dried plums contain 60% soluble pectin, soybeans and their products have the same effect, and konjac food also contains a lot of water-soluble fiber.
3. Garlic: American researchers found that eating half a slice of garlic every day (whole garlic is better) can help some people lower their cholesterol by 65,438+00% and lower their blood pressure. Alliin is a healthy active ingredient in garlic. Taking 900 mg tasteless garlic capsules every day has the same effect as eating garlic.
4. Onions; Onions can also lower cholesterol and blood pressure, and have the effect of reducing blood viscosity, which is quite similar to aspirin.
5. Fish oil: EPA contained in omega-3 in fish oil is called "vascular scavenger", and its function is: 1, the main component of prostaglandin. 2. Adjust blood lipids, reduce the concentration of low-density lipoprotein in blood, and increase the concentration of high-density lipoprotein. 3. Anti-platelet aggregation, reduce blood viscosity, enhance the health of circulatory system, prevent thrombosis, improve symptoms such as insufficient blood supply to the brain, dizziness and headache, and prevent cerebral thrombosis and cerebral infarction. 4. Enhance cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health and renal function.
6. Sea cucumber: Sea cucumber contains more than 50 kinds of natural nutrients such as 18 amino acids, various trace elements such as calcium, zinc and selenium, and active substances such as sea cucumber mucopolysaccharide and sea cucumber saponin, which have a good therapeutic effect on hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. [5]
Dietotherapy medicated diet
1, Ilex pubescens1500g, and proper amount of honey. Decoct Ilex pubescens in water twice for 65,438+/-0 hours each time, removing residues, combining the two liquid medicines, concentrating into paste, drying and pulverizing, adding appropriate amount of honey, mixing, and bottling for later use. At the same time, the daily dose is equivalent to 50 grams of crude drug Ilex pubescens, which is taken on an empty stomach for three times, and L months is 1 course of treatment. Suitable for hyperlipidemia.
2, 4 lotus roots, 200 grams of mung beans, carrots 125 grams. Wash mung beans, soak them in water for half a day, filter dry, wash carrots, chop and mash them, and mix them with appropriate amount of white sugar for later use. Wash the lotus root and cut it with a knife at one end near the lotus node, keeping the cut part. Fill the lotus root hole with the stirred mung bean radish sauce until it is full. Then cover the cut parts, stick them firmly or tie them with bamboo sticks or strings, steam them in a pot and eat them as snacks. Eat often. Reduce blood fat and soften blood vessels. Suitable for hyperlipidemia.
3. 20g of wormwood, raw hawthorn 15g, raw malt 15g. Put the above medicines into a casserole, add appropriate amount of water, decoct for 20 minutes, filter to keep juice, decoct for another 20 minutes, remove residues to get juice, and mix the decoctions evenly twice a day, each time 100 ml, which can be taken continuously for half a month. Clearing liver and gallbladder, clearing away heat and dampness, and activating spleen to treat obesity. Indications of patients with early hyperlipidemia.
4. Garlic has special effects of reducing blood lipid and preventing platelet aggregation, increasing the content of high-density lipoprotein beneficial to health, and greatly reducing the risk of coronary heart disease. Therefore, eating garlic regularly has a good preventive and therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease, and can prevent the attack of stroke. Eating 1-2 balls of sweet and sour (pickled) garlic and drinking some sweet and sour juice on an empty stomach every morning for 10- 15 days can make the blood pressure drop more lasting. Garlic also has a negative side. People with inflammation of eyes and stomach, especially those with ulcer disease, should not eat it.
5. The rich minerals in Elaeagnus mollis oil can reduce acid toxins such as lactic acid and urea in blood and prevent them from depositing on blood vessels, which has the function of "cleaner for blood and blood vessels"; At the same time, it is beneficial to maintain the balance of charges in blood, avoid the coagulation of blood solid components caused by charge imbalance, and increase blood viscosity. Moreover, some minerals such as chromium also have the function of stabilizing the internal environment of serum cholesterol. In addition, phytosterols, unsaturated fatty acids and saponins in Elaeagnus mollis oil are helpful to maintain the balance of anabolism, catabolism, absorption and elimination of blood lipids, the balance of aggregation and dissolution of platelets and lectins, and the proper blood viscosity.