protracted war
protracted war
protracted war
A protracted battle. Instead of making quick decisions. There are protracted wars in strategy and battles. When the enemy is strong and we are weak, the just side in the war usually adopts the policy of protracted war strategically. Through long-term fighting, gradually weaken the enemy, turn disadvantages into advantages, turn passivity into initiative, and finally win the war. The protracted war of campaigns and battles is usually carried out under specific circumstances and needs. Historically, military strategists have generally avoided protracted wars and advocated quick decisions. However, some people advocate exhausting each other with a protracted war and then defeating them. Protracted war is an important strategic policy for the China People's Liberation Army to fight against enemies at home and abroad.
lightning war
Blitzkrieg was a tactic often used by Germans during World War II. It takes full advantage of the rapid advantages of aircraft and tanks to defeat the enemy by surprise. It often uses aircraft to violently bomb the communication center of the enemy's important strategic facilities, blow up the enemy's aircraft at the airport, gain air superiority and paralyze the enemy's command system.
Blitzkrieg is a combination of surprise attack and fast attack, which will strike the enemy like lightning! Can make the enemy lose morale under the sudden threat, so that it will collapse immediately under the first huge blow!
The theory of Blitzkrieg was invented by guderian and originally used in Poland. At 4: 45 on September 1939 and 1 Japan, the German army took its six armored divisions, four light armored divisions and four motorized divisions as the main assault forces, and tore open the defense line of about 800,000 people of six group armies of the Polish army in the west of Mapingchuan. The rapid and deep advance of German armored forces and air force quickly tore and surrounded the old and huge Polish army, and the Polish campaign ended on June 5, 10. The Polish army killed 66,000 people, injured 200,000 people and captured 694,000 people, while the Germans only suffered more than 30,000 casualties. Therefore, it entered the world military history with a successful brand-new tactic.
At the beginning of World War II, the blitzkrieg created by Nazi German militarists was extremely fierce and seemed invincible. It conquered Poland in 27 days, Denmark in 1 day, Norway in 23 days, Holland in 5 days, Belgium in 18 days, and France in 39 days ... Blitzkrieg was really brilliant for a while, and it was called the history of war. With the help of the latest high-tech weapons, Blitzkrieg suddenly and quickly achieved the goal of war with the least loss, and its theoretical charm remains undiminished. Studying the "information blitzkrieg" which may evolve from "information+blitzkrieg" will help us to guard against new blitzkrieg in future wars and find more chances to win in the battle.
Stripping off the cloak of blitzkrieg aggression and analyzing blitzkrieg, we will find that it contains rich theories and flashes enlightenment that spans historical time and space.
"Fold" the space in the shortest time.
"Time is the army" and "Time is victory". Fighting for time and space is an important part of military confrontation. If you are one step ahead of the enemy in time, you can take advantage of this opportunity. In the "Barbarossa Plan", the Germans advanced 400 ~ 600 kilometers in the Soviet Union in only three weeks. The reasons for its success are:
(1) "Timely";
(2) Unexpected main attack position;
(3) deception;
(4) New tank "tactics".
German blitzkrieg applied the new advantages of military science and technology, relying on the rapid assault of tank clusters and the high-speed cooperation of aircraft air fire, deep landing and parachute landing, forming a powerful modern "Ram". Due to the change of space-time relationship, the new operational theory has produced unimaginable operational effectiveness.
Get the maximum impact by maneuvering as fast as possible.
An important idea of offensive warfare in Sun Tzu's Art of War is to surprise the enemy at an extremely fast speed. The book says: "If you can't defend yourself, you will be quick." And made a beautiful metaphor for the rapid impact: "the urgency is to stir up the water, but as for the drifters, the situation is also;" As for the disease of ostriches, as for those who are wiped out, it is also a festival. "
According to the theory of war mechanics, the combat effectiveness of an army depends on its strength, motive force and impact force, all of which are related to speed. The faster the speed, the greater the impact. The blitzkrieg at the beginning of World War II relied on the high-speed and deep raid of armored groups, and its influence was unprecedented in military history.
Turn spiritual strength into combat effectiveness.
In the theory of blitzkrieg, spirit plays a vital role in the victory of the battle. Its role is mainly reflected in the following two aspects. One is to take it by surprise. From clausewitz in the west to Mao Zedong in the east, many outstanding military strategists are very concerned about the suddenness of operations, pointing out that suddenness and surprise can make up for the shortage of troops. The second is shock. One of the operational plans of the US military in the Iraq war is called "Shock and awe" action. In fact, in the design of blitzkrieg, "shock and awe" is exactly what Hitler and guderian are pursuing. When Germany launched a blitzkrieg in World War II, the number of its tanks was far less than that of the British and French allied forces, and it was even called "the war of the poor". However, the "poor" defeated the rich. In the blitzkrieg on the western front, a large number of French troops were shocked and lost their fighting spirit, and the number of captured people was as high as 6.5438+0.5 million.
The key to dealing with blitzkrieg
Why did blitzkrieg produce great power at the beginning of World War II? Why did the blitzkrieg in World War II end in failure?
Clausewitz, a western "soldier saint", thinks in his theory of On War that "victory often and in most cases has a climax". This "vertex" mainly refers to the operation intensity and operation limit. Because of the existence of the apex, the attacking strong will gradually weaken after reaching the apex, and the defending weak will gradually become stronger as long as they pay attention to accumulating strength. Although the blitzkrieg has brought unprecedented impact because of its suddenness and high speed, after all, this impact has limits and peaks. The final outcome of a war depends not only on influence but also on many other factors. When the Germans went deep into the hinterland of the Soviet Union and arrived in Stalingrad, the war of aggression against the Soviet Union reached its climax and began to fail in Stalingrad because of the injustice of the war, the harsh natural conditions and the difficulties of logistics supply lines, especially the patriotic enthusiasm of the Soviet army and people, strong national strength, correct strategic command, advanced military theory and modern army, and the support of the United States, Britain and China.
After World War II, although there was no large-scale blitzkrieg like World War II, it can be seen everywhere in modern local wars. In particular, when modern warfare is inserted into the wings of information technology, the sudden blitzkrieg becomes even more terrible. Armed with computer technology, the motive force, firepower and protection of air power have far surpassed those of armored groups on the ground during World War II, showing many new advantages: speed and maneuverability make the ground defense forces almost unable to fight back; The perfect combination of long-range precision strike, firepower, force and quick maneuver has realized the efficiency of "moving like Lei Zhen", "beheading" and "shocking"; Under the influence of c4isr command, control, reconnaissance and other systems, the energy of air power has jumped unprecedentedly, forming a combat system integrating over-the-horizon attack and defense, and even playing a decisive role in the fate of war.
What needs to be vigilant is that the "peak of war" in modern warfare is difficult to use under high technology, and the "non-contact", "non-linearity" and "asymmetry" of war make the weak side have less and less room to "defeat the superior with the inferior". So where is the way out to prevent blitzkrieg? Only by speeding up the new military revolution, never losing to the opponent in military thought, and going all out in the establishment system, weapons and equipment, education and training, can we form the advantage that the opponent dare not act rashly and give the enemy an opportunity.
When Blitzkrieg is inserted with the wings of information, we need to insert the wings of information with military thinking, which is not only a change in the terminology labeled "information", but also a brand-new sharp and non-conservative philosophical mind, which requires a sense of crisis in times of peace, not a triumph.