First, China has a large amount of energy, but a large population and a small per capita share.

Second, the geographical distribution of China's resources is unbalanced, with more things in the west and less things in the east.

Man-made reasons:

First, China consumes a lot of energy.

Second, China has a low level of science and technology, low utilization rate of resources and much waste.

Third, the exploitation of resources is limited.

Principles for solving energy shortage in China;

1. Give consideration to the sustainability of energy and the sustainability of national economic competitiveness.

China's economic and social development has entered the stage of consuming a lot of energy, but its own energy is poor, and the international political and economic environment surrounding energy is complex, which determines that we must attach importance to energy conservation and support the development of renewable energy in order to achieve sustainable energy consumption. On the one hand, we must take promoting energy conservation as the core goal and support the development of renewable energy to achieve sustainable energy consumption. The central government has put forward the requirement of building an economical society. On the other hand, we should also consider the sustainability of national economic competitiveness, respect the historical inevitability of the formation of China's high-energy-consuming economic structure at this stage, and not blindly pursue the decline of energy consumption per unit GDP and develop renewable energy.

2. Strengthen the market mechanism, promote the system guarantee, and form a good energy market operation mechanism.

Weber believes that the social relationship linked by material interests is a change from a pure belief relationship based on convention or intrinsic value to a relationship based on interests and free agreement exchange. Rawls thinks that society is a kind of existence. Under the veil of ignorance, members are mutual. The adventure of cooperation. " Institutional economics holds that institutions provide a framework for people's activities, and human beings can influence each other within the institutional framework. System determines the relationship between cooperation and competition, and constitutes a social or economic order.

Whether it is an agreement of free exchange, an adventure of mutual cooperation or a framework of institutional decision, as a society where people live, it must exist as an order, and a set of rules proves the existence and maintenance of order. As the core element of social development and the object of people's use, energy can't escape the fate of being regulated. "All institutional arrangements may affect the efficiency of income distribution and resource allocation". Establishing a complete property right system for various energy sources, avoiding the tragedy of the commons, strengthening market competition and forming a good market operation order are the principles that China must follow to solve the shortage problem.

3. Be based on the domestic market and stress efficiency.

As an energy closely related to strategic security and people's lives, while strengthening energy cooperation with other countries in the world, the focus of blood is on the domestic market. At present, China's energy self-sufficiency rate is more than 20 percentage points higher than the national average of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Using science and technology to develop new and alternative energy, speeding up the development and utilization of renewable energy, exploring the utilization of energy other than fossil energy, improving the efficiency of energy utilization, implementing clean production, rational consumption and maintaining an appropriate population are important principles to solve the energy shortage in China. /kloc-At the end of 0/9 and the beginning of the 20th century, the United States started the resource protection movement and put forward the idea of "wise utilization". Slogan, in order to make the United States keep the world order first. As a developing country moving towards industrialization, China should pay more attention to the guidance of national policies in the energy field, advocate the construction of ecological civilization, and upgrade the environmental energy construction to the height of modernization project.

Measures to alleviate energy shortage:

(a) attaches great importance to saving, actively carry out energy-saving work.

China's energy-saving work started late. Although a lot of progress has been made, there are still gaps and shortcomings. Far from meeting the requirements of the new situation and new tasks. In order to better promote the rational and full utilization of energy in China, it is necessary to learn from the advanced practices and successful experiences of foreign energy utilization and energy conservation. Enforce the energy efficiency labeling system and promote cleaner production technology in the production field. Strengthen the supervision and inspection of energy-saving work. Encourage enterprises to adopt new energy and energy-saving technologies and equipment. Comprehensively promote and popularize energy-saving technologies in the field of consumption. Reasonably guide consumption and encourage consumption of energy-saving products. Gradually form a conservation-oriented consumption model.

There are two aspects to pay attention to in energy saving. First of all, the government sets an example. The government should not only deeply understand the urgency and importance of energy conservation, but also take resolute measures from the aspects of system, legal system, system, mechanism, policy, organization, publicity and science and technology. Formulate and implement plans and regulations, and do a good job in supervision, management and guidance; The government should start from itself, from establishing a sense of saving to setting an example in energy saving, water saving, land saving, car use and office expenses. For example, in the promotion of resource-saving products and technologies, the government should give priority to purchase. On the one hand, government priority procurement can promote the marketing of such products and provide financial support for enterprises, on the other hand, it can set an example for the whole society and drive the whole society to save. The second is publicity and education. In promoting the in-depth development of energy saving 1= in China, we must also rely on the active participation of enterprises and the public. Therefore, we should cultivate public awareness of energy conservation through various media tools and publicity and education methods, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises and the public to participate in energy conservation activities.

(2) Vigorously develop new energy technologies and energy-saving technologies. Science and technology are the primary productive forces.

In energy-saving work, science and technology should also and must play its due role as the "primary productive force". Generally speaking, we should play the role of science and technology in energy conservation from two aspects: on the one hand, we should actively study, develop and utilize new energy technologies and energy-saving technologies. Science and technology is a powerful guarantee to promote energy conservation. Can greatly enhance the ability of the whole society to save energy. In the process of solving the problem of energy shortage, the government should give financial assistance to enterprises to develop new energy and energy-saving technologies, so that enterprises can attach importance to the development and utilization of new energy and energy-saving technologies. Besides. We can consider making protective provisions on R&D, production and operation of new energy enterprises in intellectual property law, bankruptcy law and other relevant laws, so as to provide a good market environment for the market-oriented operation of new energy development and ensure the scale and sustainable development of new energy development. On the other hand, accelerate the development and promotion of new energy-saving products. The government can unite enterprises, subsidize new energy development enterprises, issue active policies such as new energy utilization planning, and the state will invest in demonstration areas and enterprises at the same time. Support the development of energy-saving new products through multiple channels and fields. Increase the transformation of new energy technologies and energy-saving technologies into energy-saving products. In addition, the government can also provide subsidies for the installation of new energy equipment such as solar energy, wind energy and bioenergy. Every year, special funds are arranged to train managers related to new energy and energy-saving products, and policies such as purchase subsidies and compulsory purchase of green appliances are introduced to promote the application of new energy and energy-saving products.

(3) Intensify economic restructuring.

Energy saving is not only a micro-level problem. The first is the macro level, that is, the structure of the national economy. The conditions of the present era and the international environment determine that it is impossible for China to take the old-fashioned road of industrialization: the basic national conditions of a large population and insufficient per capita resources determine that China should not and cannot imitate the consumption patterns characterized by squandering resources in some developed countries. We must adhere to the road of new industrialization with China characteristics and vigorously adjust and optimize the industrial structure. On the one hand, it is to speed up the development of the tertiary industry and raise its proportion and level. Optimize the internal structure of the secondary industry and vigorously promote the integration of informationization and industrialization. Promote high-tech industries and limit the development of industries with high energy consumption and high pollution. Specific measures such as: setting energy consumption standards for different industries, and charging for exceeding the energy consumption standards; Eliminate backward technologies, facilities and equipment within a time limit, and encourage industries and enterprises to adopt advanced technologies and equipment; And continue to shut down enterprises with uneconomical scale, especially large energy consumers, and improve the economic management level of enterprises; At the same time, we should increase the recycling of waste produced in economic activities. On the other hand, it is necessary to rationally lay out industries. According to the principle of proper parks, industries with relatively high energy consumption will be arranged in the north where energy resources are relatively abundant, and industries with relatively low energy consumption will be arranged in the south where energy resources are relatively poor, so that the national energy resources can be coordinated and projects such as "transporting coal from the north to the south" can be reduced. It can also ease the tension in the national railway and other transportation systems.

(D) the formation of a reasonable energy price mechanism

Take the electricity price as an example, and compare the electricity price levels of major countries in the world: in 2006, the industrial electricity price of the countries with strong 10 was 14 cents/kwh ~23 cents, while that of China was 6.47 cents/kwh. It can be seen that China's electricity price level is relatively low. So are other energy prices. The energy price is lower than the resource cost for a long time, which cannot accurately reflect the scarcity of resources. The resulting price distortion will inevitably give the wrong market signal. Facing the wrong price signal all the time, it will be more difficult for China to achieve the goal of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. On this basis, the high export growth rate actually means that China subsidizes consumers all over the world by consuming itself. Therefore, it is urgent to open the energy market, so that the price can reflect the scarcity of energy resources, so that energy resources can be reasonably and fully utilized.

It is necessary to improve and perfect the energy price formation mechanism. Establish a cost restraint mechanism to promote enterprises to reduce energy consumption and improve efficiency. Under the condition of market economy, energy price should reflect the market supply and demand and the scarcity of resources, which is mainly determined by the market. First, improve the time-sharing pricing method of electricity, guide users to use electricity reasonably and economically, and continue to implement differential electricity prices. And expand the scope of implementation; The second is to implement a comprehensive oil price adjustment plan and gradually rationalize the domestic refined oil prices; Third, comprehensively promote the market-oriented reform of coal prices; Fourth, continue to promote the reform of natural gas prices and establish a linkage and dynamic adjustment mechanism between natural gas and alternative energy prices; Fifth, actively promote the commercialization and monetization of urban heating, and study and formulate policies to increase the price of over-limit energy use.

(5) Improve the energy reserve system and participate in international cooperation.

The energy market faces obvious economic variables and global uncertainty. New risk factors are constantly emerging, including energy failures and terrorist attacks on energy trade bottlenecks, as well as political turmoil in oil-producing countries. In many cases, these changes are influenced by market fluctuations and become more complicated. Therefore. It is necessary to establish energy reserves to deal with energy problems. Energy storage in an emergency is the most effective way to deal with possible short-term supply fluctuations. Energy reserves include energy products reserves and energy resources reserves. The former includes petroleum, natural gas and natural uranium products, while the latter includes petroleum, natural gas, natural uranium, special and rare coal and other resources. The state should establish and improve the energy reserve system. In order to standardize the construction and management of energy reserves, improve the ability of energy emergency disposal and ensure the safety of energy supply.

In response to the energy shortage, we should continue to adhere to the basic policy of basing ourselves on the domestic market and increase the development of domestic resources. Strengthen the development and utilization of coal, oil and natural gas, actively develop hydropower resources, accelerate the development of nuclear power, and encourage the development of new and renewable energy. Optimize the energy structure. At the same time, we should actively carry out international energy cooperation and make full use of both domestic and international markets and resources. According to the principle of "giving priority to energy conservation and taking efficiency as the guide"; Based on coal, diversified development; Based at home, open up overseas; Urban and rural planning, rational layout; Relying on scientific and technological innovation system; Protect the environment and ensure safety. " Support energy enterprises to use overseas energy resources and explore overseas markets. Encourage enterprises to participate in international technical exchanges, develop and utilize alternative and renewable energy sources, improve energy efficiency and develop clean fuels. Actively organize relevant parties to properly resolve energy disputes through dialogue and consultation. This will effectively solve the contradiction caused by energy shortage.

(six) the establishment of new energy and renewable energy development fund with China characteristics.

The development and utilization of new and renewable energy is an important measure to protect the environment and cope with climate change, and an important choice to open up new areas of economic growth, promote economic transformation and expand social employment. The development and utilization of new energy and renewable energy are the basic requirements for implementing Scientific Outlook on Development and building a resource-saving society. At the Asian regional work conference of the World Energy Council held in Nanning, Guangxi in July, 2008, some Chinese and foreign energy experts also mentioned that the development of renewable energy in China faces four main problems: First, the whole society's understanding of the necessity and value of developing renewable energy has not been truly unified. Second, there is little development and utilization of renewable energy. The total investment is insufficient. One way. Third, insufficient investment in scientific research, lack of scientific and technological talents, and weak scientific and technological support for the development of renewable energy. Fourth, the supporting policies and service support system lag behind. Therefore, the development of renewable energy is still a field with high threshold, high cost and high risk, and it is difficult for social capital to enter.

In the face of some problems existing in the development and utilization of new and renewable energy, it is a good solution to establish a new and renewable energy development fund by learning from the experience of Britain, the United States and Japan. Combined with China's national conditions. China Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Development Fund should be based on the protection of laws and regulations, build a scientific management model of fair competition, pay attention to the leverage and cost-effectiveness of the fund, and achieve the development goal of promoting energy conservation industrialization and renewable energy scale in China. The main financing method of the fund can be the way that power users pay electricity surcharge, which conforms to the principle of "polluter pays", embodies its fairness, is easy to be understood and accepted by the public in China, and breaks the traditional way of relying solely on government investment. Easily adopted by the government. The fund scale of China should be based on the 11th Five-Year Development Plan for energy conservation and renewable energy and the long-term plan for 2020. Considering the actual situation of our country, we should determine the way of using funds in combination with the key and priority energy-saving and renewable energy projects supported by national encouragement policies. When setting up funds in China, we should also give full consideration to the problems and deficiencies existing in the implementation of foreign funds in order to take appropriate and effective measures.

(seven) to strengthen the legal construction of energy conservation.

For a long time, our country has been wasting seriously. One of the most important reasons is that waste is only a violation of discipline and does not constitute a crime. Sometimes waste is not even against discipline. With the help of the legal system, we should increase the punishment for wasting energy resources. Energy conservation can be promoted from the following two aspects:

First of all, we should strengthen the supervision and inspection of energy-saving work. Focus on checking the energy consumption of high-energy-consuming enterprises and public facilities, energy-saving evaluation and review of fixed assets investment projects, prohibition of the reuse of obsolete equipment in different places, and the implementation of product energy efficiency standards and labels, building energy-saving design standards and industry design specifications. Energy-using products that do not meet the minimum energy efficiency standards shall not be sold out of the factory. Small buildings that meet the building energy efficiency standards shall not be open for construction and sales. It is strictly prohibited to produce, sell and use energy-intensive products that have been explicitly eliminated by the state. It is necessary to severely crack down on illegal trading and scrapping old motor vehicles and boats.

Secondly, we should improve the energy-saving laws, regulations and standards system. Further improve the energy conservation law and formulate a strict energy conservation management system. Study and formulate industrial energy-saving management regulations and energy-saving design standards for public facilities. Accelerate the formulation and improvement of energy consumption access standards and energy-saving design specifications for major energy-consuming industries, and formulate and improve energy efficiency standards for major industrial energy-consuming equipment, motor vehicles, buildings and household appliances. And the energy consumption standards of energy-consuming equipment in public facilities. All regions should study and formulate energy consumption standards for local major energy-consuming products and large public buildings in accordance with national unified requirements.