1. Global trend of e-government 1. "Taking the public as the center" is the common feature of e-government in developed countries. By studying the planning and reporting of e-government in developed countries, we can clearly see that "taking the public as the center" is an important starting point for formulating e-government strategies. In the e-government strategy report of the United States in 2002, three principles of e-government were clearly put forward: 1) citizen-centered, not bureaucracy. 2) results-oriented, greatly improving the quality of service to the public; 3) Actively promote market-based innovation. The report points out: "In the past, the government-centered approach restricted the improvement of the government's productivity and ability to serve citizens" and must be replaced by a new model of "citizen-centered". In 2000, the British PIU report "Government Affairs in the 2 1 Century" and the 2002 United Nations report "Examining E-government from a Global Perspective" also expressed the same view, which fully showed that the more successful e-government was, the more attention it paid to public services. 2. Comparison of e-government concepts in China At present, most e-government projects in China still focus on improving the supervision function of the government, while public service projects are not placed in an important position, let alone the concept of "taking the public as the center" in e-government. At the beginning of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the attitude of China government towards e-government clearly reflected the expectation of the social and economic environment on the effect of e-government, and people's understanding and expectation of e-government could not be separated from the overall situation of the country. What we should think about is: What kind of environment makes China have a completely different focus from developed countries? 3. Why can't China emphasize "public-centered e-government" from the beginning? Without the specific environment at that time, a slogan could not be put forward. The foundation of government informatization in China is quite different from that in developed countries. Developed countries have completed the transformation of government office automation before the slogan of e-government appeared, and information technology has been widely used in the internal business management of government departments. When Internet technology appeared, its improvement focus easily turned to the optimization of external relations, focusing on the business of G2C and G2B and the relationship between the government and the public. China in the early period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan did not have such a foundation at all. To implement e-government in China, there must be a makeup period first. Another reason why e-government emphasized strengthening supervision at the beginning of the Tenth Five-Year Plan is the management system of government finance. There is a division of labor between the central government and local governments in terms of management authority, and finance is divided. Services directly facing the public and enterprises are mainly undertaken by local governments. Central funds mainly support government departments managed according to regulations. The projects listed in the central government documents are mainly various projects. E-government started with the projects of the central ministries and commissions, so it is necessary to put early energy into the improvement of supervision. With the promotion of e-government to local governments, more and more attention will be paid to services directly facing the public. The reasons that affect the public-centered e-government in China are not only the completion of the information technology tutorial class (office automation tutorial class), but also the economic, national system, social and cultural reasons.

Second, why do people pay more attention to the concept of public-centered e-government? 1. The more e-government extends to the grassroots level, the more it will pay attention to taking the public as the center. With the deepening of e-government, the following new changes make more people consider "public-centered e-government": 1) With the promotion of e-government to local governments, local governments face more responsibilities of directly serving the public; 2) E-government projects have gradually changed from compartmentalization to compartmentalization, which more reflects the pressure of local governments; 3) The deeper e-government goes to the grassroots level, the more practical problems it will face in serving the public. The local grass-roots work is more public-oriented and will pay more attention to public services than the regulatory authorities. 2. The pressure of regional economic competition forces local governments to enhance their service awareness. In recent years, the service awareness of many local governments has been continuously enhanced. The more economically developed areas, the better the service consciousness. On the one hand, it is the influence of education and publicity, and more importantly, it is the promotion of regional economic competition. Improving government services can enhance the attraction of the region to enterprises, capital and talents, which has become the key to accelerate the sustainable development of the region. It is this pressure of regional competition that is pushing local governments to improve their service awareness. In the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other areas with rapid economic development, the government's service awareness has been significantly improved. 3. The environment of economic globalization has promoted the improvement of China government's service level. Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has rapidly integrated into the world economy. A large number of foreign capital has entered China, and a large number of international cooperation has promoted the change of the concept of China government, including local governments, and enhanced the government's service consciousness. The more international cooperation, the stronger the government's sense of service. In these places, the public-centered e-government first attracted more attention from the government and society.

Third, the transformation of economic growth mode requires the government to carry out reforms. In the past 20 years, the rapid economic development in China has greatly enhanced China's national strength, with per capita GDP approaching 1.500 USD. However, the excessive consumption of resources and the loss of environment forced China's economy to change its growth mode as soon as possible. It is necessary for the government to reform its functions in time, from extensive economic, which relies on cheap labor and a lot of material consumption, to a knowledge-based economy that mainly relies on human and intellectual resources. Supervision-oriented government can not effectively mobilize human resources, and people-oriented service-oriented government can give full play to the role of human resources and promote sustained and rapid economic growth. 1. The perfection of the market economy system requires the government to withdraw from direct intervention in the enterprise economy. A perfect market economy environment requires the government to withdraw from market operation and focus on maintaining market order and providing public goods. The better the economic development, the less government intervention in enterprise management, and the better government services. 2. Service-oriented government to enhance the ability of regional industrial agglomeration? 6? According to Porter's theory of regional competitiveness 1, the formation of industrial clusters is the only way to make the regional economy grow continuously, and attracting related enterprises, markets and manpower will become the key measure to accelerate the regional economic development. How can a region attract enterprises, investment and talents? Government service is a prerequisite. 3. Economic growth and social equity The policy in the early days of reform and opening up was to let some people get rich first. Now the new problem is how to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, reduce social dissatisfaction and opposition, build a harmonious society, and make the economy develop more continuously and steadily. An important measure is to increase social public services, so that more people can share the dividends of the economic development of reform and opening up. The more perfect the public service, the more stable the society and the better the economic growth. 4. Economic Development and People-oriented The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period will be an important period for the transformation of China's economic growth mode, and economic development in many fields is accelerating from factor resource orientation and investment orientation to innovation orientation. The most important resources in the innovation-oriented stage are human knowledge, wisdom and creativity. In order to mobilize human resources, the government must implement the policy of people-oriented and respecting talents and knowledge, and the government must change from material-centered to people-centered as soon as possible. Enhancing the government's attraction to talents has become the focus of new regional competition.

4. How should the government improve the public-centered e-government? 1. Improvement of the management mechanism of e-government projects At present, the management mode of e-government projects is that a government department applies for a project, organizes the preparation of a feasibility plan, which is approved by the government and implemented by the department, and the project review is also reported by the department. The whole process is completed within the government, so it is difficult to establish hard constraints on the project. The government's practice of project establishment, approval and implementation obviously lacks external supervision, which easily leads to short-term behavior and image engineering of e-government projects. The life cycle of domestic e-government projects usually does not exceed one session. At the beginning of the next term, new e-government projects will be built. The new leaders would rather build their new achievements than complete the previous projects, which has caused great waste in e-government construction. It is suggested that the system of government's own approval should be stopped, and major e-government projects should be reported to the National People's Congress for approval first, and then the feasibility report should be submitted to the government for implementation, which can effectively curb the short-term behavior and image project of e-government construction. 2. Long-term tracking of e-government performance responsibility and making e-government public is a long-term project. Successful e-government not only needs the success of technology development, but also needs continuous improvement in long-term continuous operation. The long-term benefits of e-government conflict with the short-term tenure system of cadres, which leads cadres to pay attention to short-term benefits and personnel department evaluation rather than the real performance of e-government. It is suggested that the director of e-government should be in charge for a longer period of time as far as possible, and should not change frequently, so as to promote the long-term planning of the person in charge. The evaluation of cadres should be tracked and publicized for a long time, which is convenient for investigating the historical responsibility of e-government failure. Through the whole process of e-government projects to the public, improve the effectiveness and long-term social supervision. Project evaluation experts must come up with independent evaluation opinions, publicize them to the public online and keep them on file for a long time, so that experts can be responsible for their opinions for a long time. 3. Put forward specific methods to evaluate the benefits of e-government projects. E-government projects must be guided by clear application results. Establishing an effective measure of project results and objectives is the key to ensure the success of e-government projects. We can't use a general benefit evaluation method to replace the specific calculation method of each special project. Projects that do not clearly put forward the effect detection method are unreliable projects. In the construction of public-centered e-government, a common problem is how to evaluate social benefits. Even if we can't measure social benefits with a unified quantity, we should design specific observation methods, such as satisfaction rate survey, utilization rate survey or other relatively stable and objective effect measurement methods, to prevent inefficient behaviors at work from being covered up by abstract social benefits. 4. Strengthen the propaganda of unified values, so that all sectors of society can form a * * * understanding of the values of a harmonious society. Promoting public-centered e-government requires the whole society to have relatively consistent values on the social benefits of e-government, and the project establishment organs, examination and approval organs, execution organs, supervision organs and public opinion have the same goals, and need roughly the same scale to promote the construction of e-government in order to achieve the expected social benefits and promote the construction of a harmonious society. It is not easy to do this. Without serious education and publicity, it is difficult to form a harmonious society, and it is also difficult to understand the social benefits of public-centered e-government projects. The reform of the government needs the understanding and support of the public, and the government cannot rush to do good things that the public cannot understand.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) The general content of public-centered e-government and its promotion to government reform. Common contents of public-centered e-government 1) The transformation of application-oriented government websites from departmental to application-oriented requires a lot of work, not only to adjust the structure, but also to sort out and adjust the business. Website management should have a good automatic connection with various business departments to prevent inconsistency between website information and departmental business. The application-oriented government website is very important, which is the beginning of taking the public as the center. 2) Realizing the disclosure of government information is an important content of public-centered e-government. 3) The government service closely related to the public interest is only a service channel, and more importantly, the quality of the service itself, which cannot be achieved by e-government alone, and needs the efforts of the government in many aspects. A lot of work should be combined with standardized management, such as social security system, and a lot of mature experience has been accumulated. 4) Online examination and approval based on the Administrative Licensing Law. How to promote the government reform by e-government with the public as the center 1) Promoting the transparency of the government will greatly improve the credibility of the government, help the public to understand and cooperate, reduce the administrative cost of government work and contribute to social harmony. 2) To improve the government's service consciousness and promote the public-centered e-government construction, it is necessary to repeatedly publicize the values of serving the public, and repeatedly emphasize that starting from the public's needs, the performance of e-government projects should be tested by the actual effects received by the public. This long-term publicity and education practice process is equivalent to an effective training for the concept of government function transformation, which effectively enhances the government's service awareness. 3) Enhance the ability of the society to supervise the government. Public-oriented e-government projects have greatly enhanced the public's concern for the government, created channels for more people to understand and supervise the government, and greatly enhanced the ability of society to supervise the government. At the same time, the public-oriented e-government business will present more government service worksheets on the Internet, and the government's actions will be recorded and clearly displayed on the Internet, which will provide greater convenience for the public to supervise the government. Public-centered e-government has promoted social democratization, public participation and deliberation, political maturity of social citizens and acceleration of government reform.

6. Seek truth from facts and formulate local e-government development policies 1. The construction of e-government should adapt to the level of economic and social development in this region. Whether e-government construction is public-centered is not a simple optional menu. It is necessary to seriously study the actual situation of local social and economic development. E-government policy should be restricted by regional development level and local finance, closely related to enterprise maturity and market economy environment, and closely related to the informatization foundation of local governments. The public concerns in different regions are also very different. E-government work must choose the most favorable things under the current conditions, rather than copying the successful experiences of other places. Economically underdeveloped areas must seriously study the experience of developed areas and cannot copy them. The cost-benefit relationship of the same policy varies greatly in different regions. The contribution of e-government to future regional development should have a reasonable expectation, not too high. E-government projects must be carefully selected, and we must think clearly about the target effect before doing it. 2. The success of e-government requires a long period of accumulation of knowledge and experience, and must be patient. The construction of e-government is a long-term process of continuous improvement and perfection, and there is no shortcut. The construction of informatization is essentially a knowledge project, and the accumulation of knowledge cannot be skipped, and it needs to be improved, perfected and improved in various details. 3. Seeking truth from facts and making e-government development plans according to local conditions. Now it is time for all regions to make the 11th Five-Year Plan for e-government development. Discussion on public-centered e-government does not require all regions to follow the same model. The trend of public-centered e-government is more suitable for areas with rapid economic development. The industrial economy in these areas has entered the innovation-oriented stage, and it is more realistic to promote public-centered e-government. But whether this direction is suitable for underdeveloped areas is worth studying. China is a big country with unbalanced economic development in different regions. Don't expect a unified e-government policy to solve the problem in one fell swoop. Government informatization should also have different models. Every region has the most important things to do at present. It doesn't matter if e-government is arranged earlier or later in the work of various regions. The key is to conform to the local actual situation, and the policy of seeking truth from facts is most conducive to development.

I hope these are helpful to you.