Hyacinth in Thailand is an evergreen tree of Hyacinae. Distributed in Southeast Asian countries. It is cultivated in Taiwan Province, Hainan and Yunnan. Use seeds as medicine. Seed kernel contains 45.36% volatile oil. The main components of oil are walnut oleic acid, walnut oleic acid, dehydrogenated walnut oleic glyceride and walnut oleic acid. The clinical application of pharmacology has inhibitory effect on acid-fast bacilli such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and has inhibitory effect on Microsporum Oduense in vitro. Pungent, hot and poisonous. Has the functions of expelling pathogenic wind, attacking toxin and killing insects. Can be used for treating leprosy and scabies.

I. Morphological characteristics

The trunk is upright and the branches are slender. Simple leaves alternate, leathery, lanceolate to oblong, with 8- 10 pairs of lateral veins and no hair on both sides. Flower heterozygosity, 1 to several flowers clustered, male calyx 5, slightly connate at base, petals 5, yellow-green, stamens 5, staminodes scaly, degenerated ovary cylindrical; The ovary of female flower is ovoid or obovate, and the staminodes form a spindle shape. Berry is spherical, with a diameter of 7- 12 cm and a hard peel. The seed 12-77 is slightly polygonal (Figure 15-2).

Figure 15-2 Morphological diagram of Acer negundo in Thailand

1. Fruit branch 2. Androgynous flowers 3. male flower

Second, biological characteristics.

Biological characteristics of (1) seeds

Seeds with fruit at different maturity, that is, when the pulp is still white and yellow and the peel is cracked, have similar germination rate (66-70%), but seeds with white pulp have weak seedling-forming ability and low seedling-forming rate. The germination rates of large seeds (diameter 1.4- 1.6 cm) and small seeds (diameter 1.0- 1.2 cm) are similar (88-90%), but the large seeds are richer in nutrition and have higher seedling rate than the small seeds. The seed coat is about 2.5mm thick, hard and has poor permeability. Short-term sun exposure will cause cracks and accelerate germination, but it is not conducive to preservation. Seeds with high oil content are easy to produce free fatty acids, which deteriorate under the action of lipase. After three months in bags, the germination rate decreased from 66.7% to 25%. 6 months to 5%. However, the germination rate was still 73.3% when the bottle was stored unsealed for 3 months, and decreased to 465,438 0.6% after 6 months. After sealed storage in the bottle for 3 months, the germination rate was still 60%, and after 6 months, the germination ability was completely lost due to lack of oxygen.

Seed germination needs high temperature. Seeding in Jinghong, Yunnan Province, from June 1 1 to mid-March of the following year, the ten-day average temperature was below 20℃, so it could not germinate, and it began to germinate from late March to early April when the ten-day average temperature was above 22℃. Germination rate after sowing 16 days: the average temperature at 24℃ is15.9%; 26. 1℃ is 73.2%; Sowing in mid-March, the percentage of germination rate in one month to the total germination rate: under the shade shed, the average temperature of 20.2℃ is 0.8%; At 24℃, the average outdoor temperature is 70.3%.

When the seedlings were unearthed, the young stems arched out of the soil and the cotyledons slowly emerged from the seeds, but the seeds were not unearthed. In this process, young stems often produce brown-red long spots and dry up, which is more serious in the case of hardening in the sun.

(2) Growth and development and requirements for environmental conditions

In Jinghong, Yunnan, where the annual average temperature is 265,438+0.7℃, when the average temperature is higher than 65,438+07℃ in early February, leaf buds begin to germinate, and new buds germinate one after another until 65,438+065,438 438+ 10/0. When the average temperature from February 65438 to1October 65438 was lower than 65438 07℃, the new shoots stopped sprouting. Generally, the flower buds germinate from late June to early February in 1, blossom and bear fruit in February, and the fruit ripens in 1 1. With the annual temperature change, the germination time of leaf buds and flower buds can be advanced or postponed.

Seedlings will blossom and bear fruit after 4-6 years of planting. Monogamy. Generally, plants have enough male flowers. However, some plants have many female flowers and fruits, and are regarded as "female trees"; Some plants have few female flowers, but they are sporadic or fruitless. They are regarded as "male trees" and are relatively stable. In fact, there is no absolute distinction between male and female plants. In production, it is necessary to directionally cultivate mother plants with many female flowers, among which there are enough male flowers, and there is no need to equip "male trees" separately.

Acer negundo in Thailand is wild on the river bank of its origin. It likes high temperature and humidity and is afraid of frost. In case of short-term light frost, the shoots and leaves are slightly injured. Planting in wet rivers and ponds is prosperous, while dry terraces and hills are poor. It can withstand short-term floods, but the accumulated water does not grow well. 60-70% shading is needed when raising seedlings. 40-50% shading is suitable for young children, and sufficient sunshine is needed during flowering and fruiting. Suitable for loam or light clay with deep and fertile soil layer. Young trees do not grow well in heavy clay and dry and hard soil. Strong wind resistance, but the flowering period was damaged by drought and wind, resulting in falling flowers.

Third, cultivation techniques.

(1) land selection and preparation

Evergreen, beautiful tree, suitable for planting along rivers, ponds and ditches to beautify the environment; It can also be used for greening trees in courtyards and roadsides, or for afforestation in valley wasteland. If the soil texture in the courtyard and roadside is poor, applying farmyard manure to improve the soil can also grow well. When planting in pieces, dig a pit with a row spacing of 4×4m, with a width of 60cm and a depth of 50cm. The cave soil is weathered, and high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer 10kg is applied to each cave, which is mixed with topsoil to fill the cave.

(2) Breeding methods

More seeds are used for reproduction. From June 165438+ 10 to June 65438+ 10 of the following year, ripe fruits are picked, softened for 6-7 days, peeled, washed, dried in the shade, taken out of Bai Zi, bottled or earthenware, and sowed when the temperature rises in February and March. Before sowing, the seed coat cracked in the sun for a few minutes and soaked in water for 24 hours. First, accelerate germination on the sand bed, take germinated seeds and sow them on the seedbed in batches, with the row spacing of 20cm, the grain spacing of 5cm, the sowing depth of 1cm, and cover with shade to keep moisture. When the seedlings 1-2 are true leaves, they are sparsely planted in rows with a spacing of 20cm. When the seedling height is 30-40 cm, gradually reduce the shade and exercise in the sun. It can also be propagated by cutting semi-old branches with tissue enrichment for more than one year, which has not been used in cultivation, but it is of great significance to cultivate high-yield mother plants with more female flowers.

(3) Planting

When the height of seedlings is 0.5- 1m, they should be planted in rainy days or rainy days. Prune the lower branches and leaves of the seedlings and the excessively long lateral roots, dip the roots with soil, bundle them with straw, and transport them to the planting site to avoid root wilting. When planting, lengthen the roots, fill the gaps in the roots with fine soil, compact, water, and cover with grass to keep moisture.

(4) Site management

Planting beans, melons and other crops with scaffolding during the young tree period can increase income, create suitable shade and strengthen soil management, which is beneficial to seedling growth. Pay attention to saving water, and use both water and fertilizer in dry season. Pay attention to weeding and loosening soil, applying chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and pressing green in rainy season. Keeping the soil loose, the grass clean and moist can make the young trees grow rapidly. Pay attention to pruning to form a good crown. Flowering in dry season, pay attention to irrigation to meet water requirements.

(5) Pests and their control

The moth larvae harm young branches and leaves, causing nicks and holes. It occurs several generations a year in Hainan and lasts all year round, with no obvious phenomenon of overwintering and summering. Mature larvae pupate on leaves, stems or other plants and fence walls. Larvae have the habit of spinning and drooping, so when it is serious, a large number of larvae can be seen crawling on the ground, looking for pupation sites. Larvae has a velvet cocoon bee, and pupae is parasitized by a thigh bee. Control method: In the severe period from February to April, 800-fold solution of 90% trichlorfon or 40% omethoate 1000-fold solution can be used for control; When a large number of larvae climb to the ground to find the pupation site, they can dig insect-proof ditches on the ground and sprinkle 5% carbaryl powder in the ditches to poison the larvae.

Fourth, harvesting and processing.

During the period of11-65438+February, when some peels on trees crack, they can all be harvested, spread until the pulp becomes soft, peeled, washed, dried and stored in cloth bags.